Ukuvela kwabesifazane ku-TV yase-Italy ...

Umbono wesifazane onekhono futhi oqaphelayo wokuxoxa indaba - manje okuwumbono owabiwe yibo bonke - uphawule kakhulu umphakathi wase-Italy. UDaniela Brancati usebenze kuthelevishini amashumi eminyaka, ehlanganisa phakathi kwabanye indima yomqondisi wokuqala wohlelo lwezindaba lukazwelonke e-Italy: ngo-1991 wasungula uhlelo lwezindaba lweVideomusic kwathi ngo-1994 wahola iTg3.
Umlando wethelevishini yomphakathi wase-Italy usebenza ngaphansi kwamehlo akhe.Kusukela ngama-XNUMXs kanye nama-XNUMXs, ngokuvinjelwa kanye nokukhishwa inyumbazane kwezinombolo zabesifazane, ngaphandle kokunye okufana nokuthi USandra Mondaini, u-Enza Sampò, uDelia Scala, uBianca Maria Piccinino nowokuqala Intokazi yeTv, U-Elda Lanza.
U-Elda Lanza ungowesifazane wokuqala owayenendima yokudala eRai, lapho ayefike khona ukubhala imibhalo yokusakazela izintokazi futhi okwathi, ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuyishumi nane (ukukhetha okunamandla kakhulu), waba ubuso bokuqala bethelevishini yase-Italy: 8 Septhemba 1952. Uhlelo lokuqala lokuhlola: "Kwakhe, ntokazi", oluqondiswe nguFranco Enriquez, lubona umethuli wakhe, eyedwa, emamatheka, akwazi ukubhekana nokuxoxa ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene kakhulu.
Izithako ezihlukile emhluzweni we-machismo okhona.

UPaola Penni, "isigodi sokukhuluma" sokuqala

KuRai inkathi yeBernabei iqala ngomhlaka 5 Januwari 1961,owathi "amaNtaliyane asanda kuphuma ezihlahleni. Sidinga ukubenzela i-TV, hhayi inkundla yonxiwankulu yase I-Scarlet rose". Kepha noma kunjalo kuleyo Rai - nayo obekufanele iphendukele "kumlimi waseCalabrian" - abantu abasebenzayo abasezingeni likaRaffaele La Capria,UFrancesca Sanvitale, uLiliana Cavani, U-Enrico Vaime no-Andrea Camilleri. Inhloko yesiteshi sesibili seRai esisanda kuzalwa ngu-Angelo Romanò, umngani kaPasolini.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngabesifazane? Bamelwe ezikhangisweni zeCarosello manje engenakuphikwa, ukuqokwa okuhleliwe kwemindeni yase-Italiya, njengeziphukuphuku noma abahamba ngezinyawo, inhlebo nomona. Ukunikeza ushintsho esithombeni sowesifazane ku-TV kuzoba Mina, Ornella Vanoni, Bice Valori, uFranca Valeri, ngendlela yakhe URita Pavone kanye "nesigodi sokukhuluma" sokuqala UPaola Penni.

Phakathi kwezikhulu ezinezikhala ezilinganayo, abesifazane basathola umholo omncane.Ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, phakathi kwabaphathi beRai kukhona u-Angelo Guglielmi: umoya uyajika, kuyilapho "umcabango odume kuzwelonke wawuthakazelwa yinkaba yeCarrà" kanye noTelebiella, oqala ngokusakazwa njalo kusukela ngomhlaka 15 Disemba 1972 , Amathelevishini "amahhala" (angekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni) ayazalwa. Ngo-1973 inkathi kaBernabei iyaphela, kuyilapho iTelecapodistria neTelemontecarlo zingena endaweni yase-Italy. Phakathi kwezinhlelo eziningi zalawo mashumi ayisikhombisa lapho uhlelo lushintshe ngempela, uDaniela Brancati ukhumbula i- umlando ka Icala lokudlwengula nguLoredana Rotondo, ngamakhamera okokuqala ngaphakathi enkantolo.
Njengoba u-Emma Bonino asho "phela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa kwakukubi, kodwa abantu babephambili".Kodwa-ke, amathelevishini azimele ayethuthuka: “umoya wawushintshile, manje ukuncipha kwakuqala. Izikwele zakhipha kancane kancane futhi amadisco agcwala. ”Ngo-May 1978, usonkontileka wokwakha uSilvio Berlusconi wakha isiteshi sakhe sokuqala sasemoyeni. NguTelemilano. Intando yakhe iyoba “blitzkrieg. Esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka amathambo enethiwekhi yokuqala ehlukile eya eRai ayakheka ”.
"Emilenzeni" emithathu yephrojekthi yokuqala ye-TV - "yazisa, fundisa, jabulisa" - owokugcina kuphela owasala emi ngawo-XNUMX. Futhi ukuzijabulisa usebenzisa umzimba wesifazane kuyindlela elula nesheshayo ongayenza.
Akunakwenzeka ukufingqa lapha isahluko esithakazelisa kakhulu uDaniela Brancati asinikezela ekuzalweni nasekuphumeleleni kukaFininvest nakho okwabona ukwehluleka kwangaleso sikhathi emkhakheni wethelevishini wamaqembu amakhulu ase-Italiya okushicilela (iMondadori, iRizzoli, iRusconi): "intshonalanga ekude ayizifanele izindlovu ".
URaffaella Carrà (ngeyakhe Sawubona Raffaella?) usengomunye wabesifazane abambalwa abaphethe eRai. Rai okuthi, ngemuva kokuthenga umjikelezo wokuqala weDallas, unikeza umbukiso - obhekwe njengongafundile - kuBerlusconi, oqonda ukubaluleka kwawo kubalaleli omama-abathengi hhayi ukufundiswa kepha ukwesekwa futhi mhlawumbe bakopishwe ngokombono wokukhangisa.Phakathi kwezezimali eziphezulu namamodeli, ngemizwa enamandla futhi abesilisa nabesifazane abahluke kakhulu kwimodeli yase-Italy, Dallas siguqula ukunambitheka futhi sikhombe abalingiswa kuze kufike ezingeni lokubiza amadodakazi njengabalingisi abaphambili: Sue Ellen, Pamela ...
"KuRai umbukeli ungumsebenzisi, onamalungelo akhe achazwa nguMbuso, kuFininvest ungumthengi". U-Auditel wazalwa ngo-1984, okuyibhadi langempela ngokokubuka kwekhwalithi yezinhlelo. Nalapha futhi uDaniela Brancati unikeza ukulandisa okubanzi ngokuvela kwaleyo minyaka, ngokuguqulwa komphakathi nokuthandwa, kobudlelwano bezepolitiki obuqinile bamathelevishini omphakathi kodwa futhi nenkampani ezimele yaseBerlusconi, yempi eseRai - yeRai Tre - ethwelwe iphume ngu-Angelo Guglielmi (omunye wabasunguli beqembu '63).

Shayela

Kusukela ngo-1983 nangeminyaka emihlanu uhlelo lokuthi ubuhle lonakalise inani labesifazane kuthelevishini luzosakazwa:Shayela. “Imicibisholo yosomahlaya ihlale ikhuluma ngabesifazane nezitabane. Abesifazane abakhohlakele abashushisa abayeni babo, abahlushwa amadevu noma abanonya. Abesifazane ukudla okusheshayo, izincekukazi ngendima, abazinikela ekubukeni komphakathi. Ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni eminingi, imfashini ihlehliswa. Kude namantombazane amancanyana angamashumi ayisithupha […] URicci wakuthatha ngaleso sikhathi wakuthatha manje lapho othile emsola ngokusebenzisa into yabesifazane. Umbuzo nokho uthi: uma exolisa kakhulu ukuthi ukwenzeleni lokho aqhubeke nokwenza njalo? ”.

Konke emuva

Nangesihloko sowesifazane ngayo leyo minyaka indoda ezinciphisayo futhi ehlakaniphile njengo-Arbore, no Konke emuva. Amantombazane eCoccodè kokudluliswa “yizikhukhukazi ezigqoke kancane futhi ezinyakazisayo, abanduleli bamaphepha ezicubu, izincwadi noma i-letteronze. Abesifazane balolu hlelo bahluke kakhulu kulabo abaphakanyisiwe ngaphambi nje kokungena Ezobusuku.“Yiparody, kuzothiwa. Mhlawumbe, kepha kungani uhlala njalo esikhunjeni sethu? […] Okungaqondwa ngabesilisa ukuthi isithombe esake saphakanyiswa esokuhleka. Isiphakamiso seziqephu ezingama-65 (kanye nama-reruns) siba imodeli. Imodeli eqala ukwedlula eminyakeni yama-XNUMXs yileso somuntu ochumayo-ophanayo ”.

Amantombazane ka Akuyona uRai

I-1987 ngunyaka wokuqala weqophamlando ekuwohlokeni kwethelevishini: Ukudubula okukhulu, isakazwa ku-Italia 7 bese ku-Odeon tv.
I-Controcorrente kuRai Tre kwakuyizinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinabesifazane abasezingeni eliphakeme abathanda UDonatella Raffai a Ubani obonile (okuzohlala kunabesifazane abahle abazosebenza), noma UNini Perno noRoberta Petrelluzzi abadali be Ngolunye usuku enkantolo yesifunda kanye nenganekwane Amantombazane tv, amahlaya abesifazane angempela: ULella Costa, u-Angela Finocchiaro, u-Iaia Forte, uMonica Scattini, uSabina Guzzanti, uCinzia Leone, uMaria Amelia Monti, u-Alessandra Casella... nabesifazane abathathu ku- "command": USerena Dandini, uValentina Amurri noLinda Brunetta.Okunye umlando wamuva (kusuka ekusakazweni kwe-UMaria De Filippi, kubaqhubi abanjengo UMara Venier, uMilly Carlucci, u-Antonella Clerici, U-Alessia Marcucci noma ngezinye izindlela UDaria Bignardi noma uBenedetta Parodi, kusuka emantombazaneni amancane Akuyona uRai kuzintatheli eziqhuba izinhlelo zezindaba njenge U-Angela Buttiglione noma uBianca Berlinguer, emandleni omphathi we-TV UFatma Ruffini, ebuchosheni obabuzwa njaloUFederica Sciarelli, uGeppi Cucciari, uLilly Gruber, u-Ilaria d'Amico…), Yikuphi okucutshungulwa nguDaniela Brancati ngobuhlakani, ngamakhono nobucayi. Ake sibukeze iminyaka yokugcina yethelevishini - masingakhulumi ngesici sepolitiki nesomthetho sesakhiwo sethelevishini sase-Italy… - lapho indima yabesifazane ingashintshanga kakhulu, kunalokho, ivame ukuba nokungenzi lutho. Lapho izinkinga zabesifazane zishiywa eceleni: ebudloveni, isibonelo, uhlelo lweRai Tre lusanda kuzalwa Uthando lobugebengu, okuthi noma ikuphi iqale kusuka kumbono we-voyeuristic (kusuka ezindabeni zobugebengu "ezisebenza ku-TV") kunokulahlwa. Kepha kungcono kunalutho ...Ivolumu ivala ngemininingwane ethile ebukhoneni besifazane eRai naseMediaset. Futhi siyaqonda ukuthi luselude ukhalo okusamele luhanjwe.

Umbhali: Brancati Daniela

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