U-Oscar Wilde: le ndoda nomculi eminyakeni eyi-117 ngemuva kokushona kwakhe
NgoNovemba 30, 1900, u-Oscar Wilde washona. Ubungcweti bemibhalo kanye nesibonakaliso seshumi leminyaka leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, esaziwa ngokungagunci kwakhe, uWilde wagwetshwa kanzima ngobungqingili bakhe futhi waqeda impilo yakhe ebumpofwini nasesizungu ngokuphelele. “Ngabe uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi idrama enkulu yempilo yami ibe yini? Ukuthi nje ngafaka ubuhlakani bami empilweni yami "
U-Oscar Wilde ungumbhali wezincwadi phakathi kobuhlakani nokonakala, okuhlale kwenza kwaba nzima ukuthola umngcele ocacile phakathi kobuciko obugqamile beminye yemisebenzi yakhe nosizi lwezimo ezibhalwe kuzona. Inoveli yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo ethi, "The Portrait of Dorian Gray" (1891) ngokushesha yaba esinye sezibonelo eziphakeme kakhulu zobuhle bemibhalo yesiNgisi: indaba yokonakala kokuziphatha lapho umlobi engazange anikeze imininingwane, isikhundla esiqinile sokulwa nokwehliswa komuntu lowo, nokho , ngeke akugweme ukugxekwa kweWilde, izilingo kanye nezinsolo zokuziphatha okubi. UWilde wayebuye abe ngumbhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini yize ayengenaso isizinda sokulingisa: odumile uhlala "Umlandeli kaLady Windermere", "Ukubaluleka kokuzikhandla" no "Salome", umsebenzi wobuciko wokugcina owahlolwa eNgilandi futhi wamelwa eParis ngo-1896 , ngenkathi umbhali esejele. Umoya ocijile kanye nokungahloniphi kweminye yemibono yakhe yokubhala kwenze u-Oscar Wilde waba luphawu olungenakuphikwa lwalolo daba lokucasula nolonakele lokuphela kwekhulu, olungapheli ukuhlaba umxhwele ngisho nangemva kwekhulu leminyaka.
UWilde wayezuze kunina umkhuba wokufihla iminyaka yakhe yangempela, futhi ngezinsuku zokuzalwa wayegqoka okomnyama, ethi ulusizi lokushona komunye weminyaka yakhe. Kuthiwa ngesikhathi sokudala empilweni yakhe wayethanda ukugqoka ngamawigi amade futhi anabile, futhi ahlobise izingubo ngezimbali nezimpaphe mbumbulu. Lokhu, nokunye okuningi okusizile, kusize ekwakheni isithombe esisaphila nanamuhla: leso sazi esinobuhlakani, esijulile, nesihlasimulisa umzimba ngalowo mphakathi oqale umncome bese umlahla, okhetha ukuhlala nokuxoxa indaba. isikhathi sakhe njengomunye wabalingiswa ezincwadini zakhe.
“Waba ngumxazululi wobuhle edolobheni elikhulu futhi imali ayitholayo ngonyaka, imali ayithola emibhalweni yakhe, yafinyelela cishe ama-franc angaba yingxenye yesigidi.Usakaze igolide lakhe phakathi kwabangane abangafaneleki. Njalo ekuseni wayethenga izimbali ezimbili ezibizayo, enye eyakhe, enye eyomqeqeshi wakhe; futhi nangelanga lokuqulwa kwecala lakhe elihehayo wayiswa enkantolo enqoleni yakhe yamahhashi amabili nomqeqeshi egqoke i-gala kanye nomkhwenyana oyimpuphu ": yile ndlela omunye umkhakha wezincwadi odumile wase-Ireland, uJames Joyce, azomkhumbula ngayo. ngesiNtaliyane ephephandabeni iTrieste "Il Piccolo della Sera", eminyakeni eyishumi ngemuva kokushona kwakhe.
Amandla okushayela ubuciko bukaWilde yisono. Wabeka zonke izimfanelo zakhe, ubuhlakani, umfutho wokuphana, ubuhlakani be-asexual esekela umbono wobuhle, ngokusho kwakhe, okwakungukubuyisa iminyaka yegolide nenjabulo yentsha yomhlaba. Kepha ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, uma iqiniso elithile lizisusa ekuchazeni kwakhe u-Aristotle, emcabangweni wakhe ongahlaliseki oqhubeka ngokuxubana hhayi ngeziqu zamehlo, kusukela ekwakhekeni kwezinye izidalwa, ezihlukile kuye, njengalezo zobugebengu nabathobekile, leli iqiniso elivela emphefumulweni wobuKhatholika: ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukufinyelela inhliziyo kaNkulunkulu ngaphandle kwalowo mqondo wokwehlukana nokulahleka okubizwa ngokuthi yisono.
AbakwaDe Profundis, abavela ebumnyameni bamajele
Kusukela esemncane kakhulu kumuntu ka-Oscar Wilde kunamahemuhemu nokuhleba ngobungqingili bakhe,waphikelela kakhulu futhi ngomkhuba wokubingelela abangane bakhe abaseduze ngokubanga ezindebeni nangokubabaza ngendlela yokugqoka neyokulungisa izinwele. Ekuphakameni komsebenzi wakhe nokuqashelwa, uWilde wayengumlingiswa ophambili kwesinye sezilingo ezazikhulunywa kakhulu ngekhulu leminyaka: esolwa ngokwenza ubungqingili, ihlazo elingenakuqhathaniswa eNgilandi ngaleso sikhathi, wagwetshwa ejele neminyaka emibili yokusebenza kanzima, uzoshiya konakele ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo, kangangoba uzokhetha ukuchitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina eParis, lapho azofa khona ngoNovemba 30, 1900.
Kepha ejele uzobhala omunye wemisebenzi yakhe emihle kakhulu, osondelene naye futhi ongenazo izifihla-buso: incwadi ende eya eNkosini u-Alfred Douglas, insizwa uWilde wayemthanda futhi ngenxa yakhe wagcina eboshwe ngamaketanga, yashicilelwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "De Profundis". Amakhasi lapho umlobi abonwa ngokulula kwakhe njengendoda, elwa nezipoki zangaphambilini:
Thina esihlala kuleli jele, empilweni yakhe elingenamaqiniso ngaphandle kobuhlungu, kufanele silinganise isikhathi nenhliziyo yokuhlupheka, nenkumbulo yezikhathi ezibuhlungu. Akukho okunye esingacabanga ngakho. Ukuhlupheka kuyindlela yethu ekhona, njengoba kungukuphela kwendlela etholakalayo kithi yokwazi impilo; inkumbulo yalokho esahlupheka kukho esikhathini esidlule iyadingeka kithi njengesiqinisekiso, njengobufakazi bokuzazi kwethu.
