Khumbula ngenkathi useyingane futhi wawujwayele ukufaka imibala uzama ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemigqa? Khumbula ukukhungatheka owakuzwa lapho imivimbo iphuma emaphethelweni omklamo?
Kusukela ekuqaleni sibhekana ngqo nephutha futhi sizwa imizwa engemihle eliyidalayo. Kamuva, lapho siqala ukuya esikoleni, amaphutha aba nengxenye enkulu. Amabhuku ethu agcwele imigqa ebomvu ekhombisa ukuthi senze iphutha. Basitshela ukuthi impendulo yethu ayikona lokho ebesikulindele futhi kufanele sikushintshe.
Ngale ndlela siba nesimo sengqondo esibi ngamaphutha, size sifune ukulivala ekuphileni kwethu. Siyakhohlwa ukuthi ukuze sifunde ukuhamba bekufanele siwe izikhathi eziningi. Ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba sifunde ukudla ngendlela efanele, samosha ukudla izikhathi ezingenakubalwa. Sigxila kuphela emaphutheni, sikhohlwe ukuthi lezi zazidingeka ekuziphendukeleni kwethu. Ngalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, umbono wokuthi iphutha libi, okuthile okufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindlela, uye wavutha kithina.
Kunalokho, kufanele sifunde ukwenza amaphutha, yekani ukuzijezisa ngamaphutha esikhathi esidlule futhi uvule umnyango wokuthi kungenzeka ukwehluleka.
Iphutha njengomthombo wezimanga nokutholakele
Ngo-1968, uSpencer Silver, usosayensi we-3M Maplewood, wayesebenzela ukwakha ingcina eqinile embonini ye-aerospace. Nokho, wenza into entsha eyayilula kangangokuthi yayixebuka kalula ngaphandle kokushiya noma iyiphi insalela phezulu.
Okwaba yiphutha ekuqaleni, eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva kwaba inhlaka inkampani eyayizoyisebenzisa ukwenza lokho okwakubizwa ngaleso sikhathi Cindezela okuthi n 'Peel kodwa kamuva sonke sasiyomazi ngokuthi ngithumele, into etholakala yonke indawo emahhovisi emhlabeni jikelele.
Eqinisweni, izinto eziningi eziqanjiwe ezidumile zibangelwa "amaphutha". Ukumangala, kokuhle nokubi, kungokwemvelo emaphutheni. Phela iphutha liwukuchezuka nje emiphumeleni elindelekile, noma iphambene nalokho esikulindele noma emphakathini.
Kusukela kulowo mbono, iphutha liyasikhathaza ngoba lethula isici esingalindelekile ku-equation futhi livula umnyango wokungaqiniseki. Kusikhumbuza ukuthi sichezukile endleleni ephawuliwe, ngakho-ke, asikafinyeleli iphuzu "elilungile".
Akukona nje ukuqondana, eqinisweni, ukuthi igama elithi iphutha lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi “iphutha”, elisho futhi ukuzulazula nokuhamba ngokungenanjongo. Iphinde ihlobane nempande ethi "ers", okusho ukuthi iyanyakaza. Ngakho-ke, i-etymology yayo iphakamisa ukuthi iphutha liyingxenye yemvelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Amaphutha ayingxenye yohambo. Ukuzigwema kusilahla ekunganyakazini. Yilabo kuphela abangenzi lutho abakwazi ukwenza amaphutha, labo abangazami, labo abangazifaki engozini, labo abangalokothi baqhubekele phambili futhi baphonse inselelo imingcele yabo. Kulokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi sifunde ukwenza amaphutha ngisho nokuvula indawo yamaphutha empilweni yethu.
Iphutha njengenjini yokufunda
Ubuchopho bethu buhlale bubikezela ukuthi kungenzeka okuthile kwenzeke ukuze kulindelwe izinkinga. Ngokusobala izozama ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki nokumangala, ukugwema isimo esinzima kakhulu esisiphoqa ukuthi sibhekane nokungalindelekile.
Iningi lale nqubo lenzeka ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqaphela, ngokusho kososayensi bezinzwa ze- Northwestern University. Nokho, leyo nqubo isinika ukuzethemba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kwenzeka okungalindelekile futhi senza iphutha, ubuchopho bethu buphoqeleka ukubala kabusha umehluko phakathi kweqiniso nokubikezela kwakho ukuze kulinganise umkhawulo wephutha.
Njengoba kuhilela umzamo omkhulu wokuqonda, futhi ngezinye izikhathi futhi umthwalo ongokomzwelo ngenxa ye-halo engalungile iphutha eliye lambozwa ngayo, umfutho wethu wokuqala uwukuqeda lokho okuhlangenwe nakho. Kodwa kulowo mkhawulo wephutha lapho ukufunda kwenzeka khona. Kuleyo majini sibuyekeza izibikezelo zethu, sivuma iqiniso futhi siguqule izinhlelo zethu ukuthi zisebenze kangcono noma zijwayelane kangcono.
Amaphutha alungiselela ubuchopho ukuthi bufunde ngezindlela eziyingqayizivele nezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza iphutha, esikhundleni sokuzama ukuqhubeka ngokushesha, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi sithola ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze sibuyekeze umbono wethu womhlaba, silungise kabusha izinkolelo zethu noma siguqule indlela esiziphatha ngayo.
Ikhono lokubona amaphutha njengamathuba okufunda liyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo sokukhula. Umuntu onomqondo wokukhula uzozibona e "Umsebenzi usaqhubeka", okusho ukuthi amaphutha awalona usongo kumuntu. Ngaleso sikhathi, bayayeka ukuba izitha futhi babe abambisene.
Yiqiniso, ukufunda ukwenza amaphutha kudinga ukuzikhandla. Kudingeka sihlaziye ukuthi yini eyonakele futhi sithole ukuthi singayilungisa kanjani. Futhi ukwenza lokhu, kufanele sizijwayeze ukuzamukela ngokuqonda iphutha njengesenzakalo, hhayi njengobunikazi obuhlala njalo. Uma sinephutha ngokuthile, akusho ukuthi "siyizehluleki".
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi uma sivula umnyango wephutha, amathuba okwenza amaphutha ayancipha ngoba ngokuvula indawo ye-entropy sizivulela wonke amathuba, okwandisa umkhathi wemiphumela.
Yebo, akukhona mayelana nokubhekana nempilo ngokwenza amaphutha ngamabomu, kodwa mayelana nokunikeza indawo okungalindelekile nokuvula umnyango wokungaqiniseki. Yiba nesibindi ngokwengeziwe, ngisho noma kusho ukwenza amaphutha. Ngamafuphi, umbuzo wokukhulisa imiphetho yomdwebo nokwenza ukuthula nathi lapho, ngephutha, izindlela zethu ziphuma emaphethelweni. Ngoba iphutha lingaba buhlungu, kodwa futhi lingaba imilingo.
Imithombo
Vilares, I. et. Al. (2012) Ukumelelwa Okuhlukile Kokungaqiniseki Kwangaphambili Nokungenzeka Ebuchosheni Bomuntu. Biology yamanje; 22 (18): 1641-1648.
Green, P. (2007) I-Post-it: Inothi Lenhloso Yonke Elibambekile. Ku: I-New York Times.
Umnyango Ikhono lokufunda ukwenza amaphutha ukuze samukele iphutha empilweni yethu yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
