Ngalesi sihloko ngihlose ukwethula uchungechunge lwezincwadi ngesihloko senkimbinkimbi ye-Oedipus, ngenhloso yokusondeza abafundi esihlokweni okungenzeka ukuthi bezwe ngaso, lapho izikole zikhumbula khona noma mhlawumbe izinganekwane kanye nokuxakaniseka kwama-psychoanalysts amadala kuvame ezihlotshaniswa., ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwama-studio azo abandayo futhi abizayo; Ngizozama ukukhombisa ukuthi lokhu, kunalokho, kuyisihloko esisebenza kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, esikhona futhi esendawo yonke, esinamandla nesingenakugwemeka, esibucayi nesiyinkimbinkimbi, ukuthi isinqumo nokunqoba kwaso kuncike ekuthini, njengoba sizobona, ukuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye (hhayi kuphela).
Wonke umuntu uyayazi indaba ka I-Oedipus, yena ochungechungeni lwemicimbi wazithola ekhangisa bulala ubaba kanye shada nomama, bonke bengazi.
Ukungazi kuka-Oedipus kungukungazi kwethu, ngoba, njengoba sizobona, lokhu kushukumiseka akukhathaleli kuphela lo mlingiswa oqanjiwe, kepha kuyisigaba esiyisisekelo emlandweni we-psychic nokungazi ngamunye wethu; ukuphika lesi simiso se-psychic akusenzi lutho ngaphandle kokusenza sifane kakhulu no-Oedipus uqobo, okwathi ngemuva kokuthola amaqiniso amabi, aziphuphuthekise angabe esakwazi ukubona ilanga, ufakazi wecala lakhe, agcine ezulazula ehlathini.
Ake siqale lolu hambo siqale ngomusho othathwe ku Faust nguGoethe: "Lokho owakuthola njengefa koyihlo, Kubuyise, uma ufuna ngempela ukuba ngumnikazi."
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umuntu ubelokhu enentshisekelo ebudlelwaneni nasekulandelaneni kwezizukulwane, kusukela ekuqaleni Umbono likaHesiod, lapho enkabeni yendaba sithola ukungqubuzana okungokwemvelo phakathi kobaba namadodana; futhi, ku inganekwane sinezibonelo eziningi eziphathelene nobaba nendodana "umzabalazo", cabanga nje Zeus lokho, ebalekela ulaka lukayise I-Chrono, uyokhulula abafowabo athathe indawo kayise; kulo mbono, indawo yonke isungulwe ngokulandelana kwezizukulwane.
I-Oedipus nayo ikhona ku- izinganekwane zobuKristu: Ngikhuluma ngendaba ka I-St. Julian, obizwa ngokuthi yi-parricide, omelwe esithombeni sokubulawa kwabazali bakhe ephelele nge-halo.
Ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi lezi zithombe ziyaziphindaphinda, zisuka ezinganekwaneni ziye ebuKristwini; izithombe eziluhlaza nezikhonkolo, kepha, ezenze uguquko emlandweni: umsebenzi we uphawu, okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwathatha indawo yezethulo ezinjalo; noma kunjalo into ayishintshi: isifiso sihlala phansi, ngisho nokufanisa, ukunqoba ifa lobaba, njengamazwi kaGoethe.
Ngaphambi Freud, i-anthropology ayinaki i ubukhulu obungazi lutho, ishiya emthunzini yonke leyo misebenzi engaphansi komhlaba enquma indlela yokuziphatha yabantu engenangqondo futhi enquma umlando wayo, ekuhambeni isizukulwane ngesizukulwane. Amandla omcabango kaFreudian alele ekubhekeni umhlatshelo njengomunye wemiphumela engaba khona yenkimbinkimbi ye-Oedipus kumuntu wakudala.
Isigwebo sikaGoethe esicashunwe ngenhla sithathwa nguFreud in I-Totem neTaboo (1912-1913) lapho acabanga khona ukuthi isintu sizithole sibhekene necala lasekuqaleni lapho isimilo, inkolo, izinhlangano futhi, ekugcineni, inguquko yezizukulwane ezaqala ngayo. UFreud uthi inhlangano yabantu endala kunayo yonke yayiqukethe "amabhande" abesilisa abanamalungelo alinganayo, kepha beyithobela imithetho yohlelo isibalo-sikayise; ngolunye usuku laba bazalwane bahlangana, babulala ubaba wabo bamudla, baqeda amandla kayise; esenzweni sokudla ubaba, sokumfaka ngaphakathi, ukuhlonza naye kuyenzeka. (3)
Kodwa-ke, ubaba wakhe waba namandla nakakhulu lapho eshona. Kuchotshozwe yi umuzwa wecala ukugwaza, amadodana asetha i- totem njengomuntu obambele oyise ngokwenqabela ukubulawa kwabo nokwenqaba ukuphatha abesifazane bomndeni. Ngakho-ke kwazalwa "imithetho" emibili yokuqala elawula ubudlelwano obuphambili phakathi kwamadoda, i Ithebhu.
Yize esungule iTotem, isikhuthazo somuntu ongubaba ophikisanayo, ukulangazelela kwengane ukuthatha indawo kankulunkulu ongubaba ngeke kucime. Ngokuyinhloko, njengoba uFreud ngokwakhe esho, la madrayivu azothola uhlobo olusha lwezinkulumo ezamukelwa emphakathini, ukufihla igama le- izifiso zezihlobo yendodana okuthi, ngokwethulwa kwezolimo, ithole ukwaneliseka (okungokomfanekiso) ekusebenzeni nakuMama uMhlaba.
Kodwa-ke, i- Imithetho yokutholwa kwe-totemic ihlala ekuqulekeni komuntu kusakhiwa ikhodi elawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane, ubudlelwano obuhlala buchazwa "ukufisa kwendodana ukuthatha indawo kankulunkulu-baba". Eqinisweni, sikhuluma nge "khodi" yezizukulwane ngezizukulwane.
Ubukhulu bamanani wabazali kubonakala njengezixhumanisi zokudluliswa kwezizukulwane; njengoba nje kudingekile ukubuyela entathakusa yesintu ukuqonda izifiso zethu zakudala kakhulu, ngendlela efanayo kuyadingeka ukuthembela esikhathini sobuntwana ukwazi izisekelo zenhlangano yengqondo (noma ngabe lokhu kushayela bazibonakalise ngokucacile nangamandla ngesikhathi sokuthomba)
Imikhondo yokuqala ka-Oedipus, eqondwa ngombono we-psychoanalytic, ingatholakala encwadini evela kuFreud eya kumngani wakhe I-Fliess (1897) futhi, kamuva, kuIncazelo yamaphupho (1900) naku- Izindatshana ezintathu ngethiyori yezocansi (1905); lapha kukhuluma uFreud ubuhlobo bomama nengane, ubudlelwano bokuqala bendawo yonke ephilwa ngumuntu; uchaza ingane njengomuntu ocansini, othi ebudlelwaneni obuyinhloko nomama aqale ukwakha ngamandla umhlaba wakhe wangaphakathi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyinto engadingekile ukucindezela ukubaluleka kwalobu budlelwano ngokuthuthuka komuntu.
Ngokwalokhu kubukwa, umhlaba wangaphakathi wengane, ubunikazi bayo ngokobulili namanani ayo ahlelekile kusuka izethulo zabazali, yedwa futhi maqondana nomunye; lezi zinto ezifakwe ngaphakathi zifakwa ngokwemvelo ngokuthinta okuhle nokubi, amanani azolungisa ukudlula kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.
Iphutha kungaba wukuhlola ubunina bukababa nomntwana ngaphandle kokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi omama nobaba, nabo, bakha ubudlelwano nengane ngesisekelo sezinguquko zomhlaba wabo wangaphakathi, okungaba nomthelela ngokungazi izinga. lobudlelwano.
Kukhona lapho engqondweni yomntwana ukumelwa kukababa (nabazali maqondana), ongena ku-dyad yobudlelwano bukamama nengane kusenesikhathi; Kuyathakazelisa ukudwebela ukuthi ubukhona / ukungabikho kukababa, uthando lwakhe \ inzondo, umona wakhe \ ukuzimisela ukusiza amanye amalungu amabili kanxantathu kuhlobene kakhulu nesimo sengqondo sikamama ngengane, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuguqula nokuthonya kuye, kulungisa ngokusobala ukukhula kokuvela komncane. Ilungu ngalinye ku-triad ngakho-ke linemisebenzi nezibopho, ngokusobala abazali basesikhundleni esiphakeme. Ukuhambisana nengane emngceleni we-Oedipus ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka kusho ukubeka indawo yokuqala ekuvuthweni ngokomzwelo nangokobulili komuntu (Mancia 1993).
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ekusebenzisaneni kukamama nengane eyodwa iba yinto yezocansi komunye futhi okuphambene nalokho; kodwa-ke, le mikhuba kumfana nentombazane inezindawo ezahlukahlukene.
Ngibalula kafushane lokhu okuguqukayo okulandelayo, okuzohlolwa ngokujulile kuma-athikili alandelayo, ngenhloso yokucaciswa: ngokuqondene nengane zihlukanise ngumama ukukhomba nobaba (Greenson, 1968). Ingane kuzofanela ilandele indlela efanayo ukuze ikwazi ukukhomba nomama (sine qua non condition for the completed of maturity sex). Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezimbili kuhlukile into yesifiso: enganeni umama uhlala, enganeni kuzoba ngumbuzo wokuhambisa isifiso kusuka kunina siye kubaba. Ngakho-ke lowo muntu uzozithola esendleleni ehlukile yokuhlonza nokutshala imali ngokuya ngobulili bobulili.
Kule ndatshana nginikeze phambili isifiso sokulandela umkhondo omfushane womlando, ngaphandle kokungena kokuqukethwe kwe-Oedipus, ukudala nomfundi indawo yokuqala engokomfanekiso okwabelwana ngayo lapho uzongena khona esihlokweni; kuma-athikili alandelayo inkulumo mayelana ne-Oedipus izoqhubeka, ngalokho okushiwo u-Antedipus, ngokubaluleka kwendima yomama kanye nobaba ekunqobeni okunempilo nokulungile kwalesi sakhiwo lapho okuningi kuncike khona, ikakhulukazi uma kuqondwa ngokudluliswa kokukhiqiza . Ngiphetha ngokulindela indatshana elandelayo ngokukhombisa: uma kunjalo inhloso yokuhlaziya ukukwazi ukusiza isiguli emsebenzini wokwakha kabusha umhlaba waso wangaphakathi, ogcwele izibalo zabazali ababekezelayo nabadala, singasho ukuthi inhloso yakhe enkulu idlulela ngalé kwalokho, okungukuthi, kuthatha umsebenzi wokwakha ibhuloho phakathi kwezizukulwane kulokho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, okunikeza ukulandisa okuhambisanayo komuntu oqulekile futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudlulisa umbono wezwe kanye namanani abonisa isizukulwane ngesizukulwane.
