Tu vuo 'fa' ll'americano: nkhani yoona ya hamburger

 

Aliyense amadziwa ndipo aliyense adya chimodzi: tikukamba za hamburger, mwina masangweji otchuka kwambiri zakudya zachangu kuchita bwino. Zakhala zikuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha maunyolo ngati a McDonald's (pankhaniyi, timalimbikitsa kuti tiwonerere kanemayo Woyambitsa ndi John Lee Hancock), ndipo lero tikupeza kuti chakana mosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa Chianina kwa izo wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse. Koma chomwe chimatsalira kwenikweni ndi nyama yokhotakhota yomwe idapakidwa - nthawi zambiri - ndi letesi, tomato ndi anyezi, komanso limodzi ndi phiri la batala? Nanga bwanji ngati sizopangidwa ndi America? Ichi ndichifukwa chake tidasankha kukutengani panjira, pakati pa Old and the New World, kuti apeze zovuta kwambiri mbiri ya hamburger, yomwe ambiri adalengeza za abambo. 

Mbiri ya hamburger: pachiyambi inali… Chijeremani!

Tiyeni tiyambe ulendo wathu womwe ungatitsogolere kuti tisinthe mbiri yovuta ya imodzi mwazakudya zodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti pali anthu pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri omwe amapikisana nawo pachiyambi choti adapanga ndikugawana. Ndiyambira pati, ndiye? Kuyambira pachiyambi, ndipo chifukwa cha izi tiyenera kubwerera ku 1891, mu Germania, ndendende mumzinda wa Hamburg. Kodi mukuwona kudalira? Inde, zikuwoneka kuti hamburger idapangidwa ndi munthu wina Otto Kuasw, wophika waku Germany yemwe adayesa kutulutsa soseji m khola lake, athyola ndikuphika mu batala. Koma lingaliro lalikulu linali loti ikani pakati pa magawo awiri a mkate, kuphatikiza dzira labwino lomwe lili ndi diso la ng'ombe - kuti musaphonye kalikonse! Malinga ndi zomangidwanso zakale (ndi nthano zina), sangweji iyi - yotchedwa "Deutsches beefsteak" - adayamba kutchuka pakati pa ogwira ntchito padoko la Hamburg komanso oyendetsa sitima, chifukwa anali chakudya chofulumira, chokoma ndipo koposa zonse, chokoma. Koma kodi steak yopyapyalayo idayika bwanji pakati pa magawo awiri a mkate ku America kuti ifike kumeneko? Hamburg ndiye doko lalikulu ku Germany, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko zikuwoneka kuti, mu 1894, oyendetsa sitima ena, omwe anali ndi mwayi wolawa zakudyazi, atafika ku New York, adafotokoza za masangweji aku Kuasw. Pomwepo, oyang'anira oyang'anira malo odyera amderali adayamba kukonzekera sangweji iyi kwa oyendetsa sitima ... Chinsinsi, motero, chidayamba kufalikira ku United States, kotchedwa Hamburger nyama yang'ombe, ndiye steak wa "iwo ochokera ku Hamburg".

Chotupitsa mkaka… wokwera pahatchi: kuthekera kochokera ku Russia

Nkhani ina yofananira - yomwe nthawi zonse imawona mzinda wa Hamburg ngati protagonist - imati, zenizeni, inali A Mongol, m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zitatu, kuti afalitse miyambo ya nyama yosungunuka: zikuwoneka kuti amasunga "zokhwasula-khwasula" pansi pa chishalo cha akavalo, kotero kuti nyamayo kenako idafewa akamakwera ndipo, pakufunika, amachotsa pansi pa chishalo ndi voilà ... nkhomaliro yabwino popanda ngakhale kutsika pa kavalo! 

Zikuwoneka kuti ndi pomwe zidafalitsa mwambo wachilendowu Khubilai Khan, mdzukulu wamwamuna wina koma Genghis Khan, pomwe adaukira Moscow, mwachionekere atabwera ndi miyambo ndi zizolowezi zake. Mwambo uwu "udatengera" ndi anthu aku Russia, omwe adayamba kuwatcha "Tartare". Koma kodi Russia ikugwirizana chiyani ndi Hamburg? Malinga ndikumangidwanso kwakale, zikadakhala zombo zaku Russia, chifukwa chake, kuti abweretse chinsalu cha steak ku doko la Hamburg mzaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, momwe munali ochepa Russia mwamphamvu, mpaka mzinda waku Germany udatchedwa "doko la Russia". Omwe anasamukira kudziko lina, panthawi yomwe anali kupita kumadera a New World, ankachita zina zonse, ngati "mlatho" wa hamburger.

Kalelo ku America ... kapena mwina ayi! Chiyambi chotsutsana cha hamburger

Ponena za ketchup, chifukwa chake zikuwoneka ngati "zovomerezeka" kuti hamburger sanabadwire ku America ndikuti ali ndi ubale wapadera ndi mzinda wa Hamburg waku Germany. Koma nchiyani chomwe chidachitika ndi zophikazo zikafika ku New World? Apa ndipomwe nkhaniyi idayamba kukhala yovuta kwambiri, ndipo ambiri amalimbirana kuti adalemba chinsinsi chake ... tikunena atatu mwa iwo, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ovomerezeka kwambiri ", koma, mwachidziwikire, sikuti ife kuti tisankhe chomwe chiri chowona ndi chomwe sichiri.

Charles Nagreen ndi "burger house" (Seymour - Wisconsin)

Mukafunsa State of Wisconsin pomwe sangweji yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi idabadwira, yankho lake limakhala lomveka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mzinda wa Seymour umadzitcha okha "Nyumba ya Hamburger", chifukwa zikuwoneka, mu 1885, ena Charles Nagreen, wobadwira mtawuniyi, adapanga hamburger yoyamba yamasiku ano m'mbiri. Malinga ndi kumangidwaku, Nagreen wazaka XNUMX adatsegula malo ku Outagamie County Fair yomwe idagulitsa nyama zanyama. Bizinesi, komabe, sizinali kuyenda bwino, chifukwa nyama zokhazokha sizinali bwino kudya uku mukuyenda mozungulira ... choncho, mwachangu, mnyamatayo adaganizira aphatikize, muwayike pakati pa masangweji awiri ndikuwatcha "burgers". Chabwino, zikuwoneka kuti chinali chisankho choyenera, chifukwa chaka chilichonse amabwerera kukagulitsa ukatswiri wake pachionetserocho, akusangalala kwambiri, mpaka kudziwika kuti "Hamburger Charlie". Bizinesiyo idapitilira mpaka 1951, chaka chakumwalira kwake, koma malingaliro ake - Ma hamburger, ma hamburger, ma hamburger otentha; anyezi pakati, pickle pamwamba. Zimapangitsa kuti milomo yanu ipite patsogolo - kukopa anthu kuti agule masangweji ake anali atapanga kale mbiri. Lero, makamaka, Wisconsin amadzitamandira chimodzi Hamburger Hall of Fame ndipo amakonza, mwezi wa Ogasiti, phwando lodzipereka kwathunthu, lokhala ndi zochitika monga "parade of the burger lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi". Wopambana? Zolembazo zimasungidwa ndi imodzi yolemera 5.520 kilos yomwe idatumizidwa mu 1989!

Abale a Manches akugonjetsa Hamburg, New York

Timasamukira ku Canton, ku Ohio, ndipo ndi 1885. Apa tikukumana ndi abale Frank ndi Charles Manches, omwe adachita ntchito ya ogulitsa masoseji ophika pa mbale m'maseketi a zokomerazo. Nthano imanena kuti pomwe amafuna kugulitsa masangweji awo pachilichonse cha Dziko la Erie, mumzinda wa Hamburg m'chigawo cha New York, anamaliza nkhumba patsiku lomwe amati ndi lotentha kwambiri kupha nyamazo ndipo motero amalola kusunga umphumphu wa nyama yawo. Koma zikanenedwa kuti apange zabwino zofunikira: abale awiriwa sanadzipulumutse okha ndipo anangosintha nkhumba ndi ng'ombe, Alemeretsa ndi khofi, shuga wofiirira ndi anyezi wokutidwa, ndipo adatcha hamburger yawo yolenga polemekeza Hamburg, mzinda womwe chiwonetserochi chidachitikira.

Louis Lassen ndi Louis 'Lunch

Mfundo ina yovomerezeka kwambiri ndi yomwe imawona protagonist Louis Lassen ndi Chakudya Chamadzulo cha Louis, idatsegulidwa mu 1895 ku New Haven, Connecticut. Makamaka? Chipinda chake chinali mu a Chakudya Choyendera, mtundu wa ngolo yaying'ono yomwe imagulitsa nkhomaliro kwa ogwira ntchito. Koma ndichifukwa chiyani malowa akudzitamandira pakupanga hamburger yoyamba m'mbiri? Mwachiwonekere, tsiku limodzi labwino mu 1900, kasitomala anali pachangu kwambiri ndipo anali kufunafuna chakudya chamasana mwachangu. Nthano imanena kuti Lassen, ndiye, adatenga nyama yotsala yomwe idatsala, ndikuiyala ndipo, pamapeto pake, adayika pakati pa magawo awiri a buledi wofufumitsa, kuti kasitomala wake atenge ndikudya bwino panjira. Apa ndiye padasinthiratu: kasitomala anali wachangu ndipo Lassen adaganiza kuti ndibwino kuti apange chinsinsi chenicheni kuchokera pachiyeso chabwinocho. Kuyambira pamenepo, adapitilizabe kutumizira hamburger yomwe adapeza Kudulidwa kosiyana kwa 5 kwa ng'ombe yosungunuka ndi mpeni, kenako yophika zotsekera zapadera zachitsulo. Nkhani ya Lassen imadziwika ndi kutchulidwa ndi Library of Congress, yomwe imazindikira kuti Louis Lunch ndi malo omwe burger woyamba adagulitsidwa mu 1900. 

 

Otsutsanawo akadali ambiri, ndipo hamburger idakali ndi njira yayitali yoti achoke kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 900 mpaka 2020, kuchokera ku White Castle chain yomwe idagulitsa masangweji a masenti asanu, kupita kwa McDonald's kapena Burger King. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi yakulimbikitsani kuti mukhale ndi chidwi chokhudza chimodzi mwazakudya zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimakondwerera aliyense 28 May ndi Tsiku la Burger Padziko Lonse. Tiyeni tisangalale ndi sangweji yabwino?

L'articolo Tu vuo 'fa' ll'americano: nkhani yoona ya hamburger zikuwoneka kuti ndizoyamba Zolemba Zazakudya.