"Bwerezani bodza nthawi zana, chikwi, miliyoni ndipo zikhala zoona." Mawuwa, otchedwa Joseph Goebbels, mtsogoleri wa propaganda za Nazi (koma ndizotsimikizika kuti si za iye komanso kuti sanazilankhule), wakhala mmodzi mwa malamulo otsatsa malonda ndipo, ngakhale ali ndi zizindikiro zake, Psychological science yawonetsa zomwe sizili zolakwika.
Komanso Aldous Huxley m'buku lake "Dziko Latsopano Lolimba Mtima" adanena kuti "Kubwereza 62.400 kumapanga chowonadi". M’ntchitoyi, mawu ena anabwerezedwa kwa anthu akamagona kuti alowetse zikhulupiriro zimenezo m’maganizo mwawo, kotero kuti zikhale zokhazikika mpaka kalekale ndipo zinakhala ziphunzitso zosatsutsika.
M'nthawi ino, pamene kufalitsa uthenga wolakwika kapena wokondera ndizochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzindikira deta kuchokera ku zabodza kapena kusokoneza, ndikofunika kudziwa misampha yomwe malingaliro athu amatipatsa.
Bodza lobwerezedwa kambirimbiri limakhala - pafupifupi - chowonadi
Anthu ambiri mosadziwa amatengera zikhulupiriro zawo za dziko, amatengera mfundo zofooka, ndipo samakana mfundo zopanda ntchito. Kubwerezabwereza ndi njira imodzi yosonkhezera zikhulupiriro zimenezi. M'malo mwake, mu psychology pali zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zopanda pake za chowonadi", zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zotsatira za kutsimikizika, zotsatira za chowonadi kapena zotsatira za kubwereza.
Mphamvu yovomerezeka, monga imadziwikanso, imatanthawuza kuti kubwerezabwereza kwa chidziwitso kumawonjezera chowonadi chake; ndiko kuti, tingakhulupirire kuti ndi zoona. Koma chifukwa chakuti sitimagula makope ambiri a nyuzipepala kuti titsimikize kuti zimene ikunena ndi zoona, palibe chifukwa chomveka choganizira kuti kubwerezabwereza kumakhudza choonadi. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse anthu amaganiza momveka bwino.
Mpaka posachedwa timaganiza kuti titha kukhulupirira, popanda kukambirana, zonena zabodza zomwe sitikudziwa chilichonse, monga lingaliro la Quantum Physics kapena kupezedwa kwa Paleoecology. Komabe, kafukufuku watsopano wochitidwa pa yunivesite ya Katolika ya ku Leuven akusonyeza kuti chowonadi chobwerezabwereza chimapita patsogolo mwa kupanga zonena zachilendo ndi zosatheka kuoneka ngati zoona, ngakhale zikutsutsana mwachindunji ndi zomwe timadziwa.
Ofufuzawa adawonetsa anthu opitilira 200 kubwereza kosiyanasiyana kwa zonena zabodza. M’gawo loyamba, anapatsidwa zonena 8 mwa 16 zomwe anthu ena ananena kuti n’zosamveka. Izi zinaphatikizapo ziganizo monga "Njovu zimalemera mocheperapo poyerekeza ndi nyerere", "Dziko lapansi ndi lalikulu kwambiri", "njovu zimathamanga kwambiri kuposa akalulu" e "Kusuta ndikwabwino m'mapapo", komanso zonena zomveka.
Anthu amayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa zomwe amawona kuti ziganizo 8zo ndi zoona ndipo pambuyo pake zidaperekedwanso kwa iwo mosakanikirana ndi zina, mpaka atafika kubwereza kasanu chilichonse.
Kenako adawonetsedwanso mwachisawawa ziganizo za 16, zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zidawoneka kale mobwerezabwereza mu gawo lapitalo, pomwe ena asanu ndi atatu anali atsopano. Pankhani imeneyi, anayenera kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa choonadi chimene chiganizo chilichonse chili pa sikelo kuchokera ku -50 kutanthauza "bodza ndithu" kufika pa +50 kutanthauza "zowonadi".
Motero ofufuzawo anapeza kuti kubwerezabwereza mawu osamveka kumakhudza kuunika kwa choonadi. Ponseponse, 53% ya anthu adawona kuti zonenazo zimawonedwa kangapo ngati zabodza kuposa zatsopano. 28% yokha ya omwe adatenga nawo gawo adachita zosiyana; ndiko kuti, pamene ankavumbulidwa kwambiri ndi zonena zoterozo, m’pamenenso ankaziona kuti n’zosamveka komanso zabodza.
Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kubwereza kocheperako modabwitsa (kochepera kasanu) kungakhudze kawonedwe kathu ka chowonadi popanga zonena zosamveka kuti ziwoneke ngati zoona. Sikuti timakhulupirira kuti "Dziko lapansi ndi lalikulu kwambiri" - ngakhale pali ena omwe amakhulupirira kale - koma timadziwa bwino lingalirolo ndipo likuwoneka ngati lopenga.
Masiku ano, tikungokhalira kufalitsa nkhani pafupipafupi, mwachifundo cha ma aligorivimu a anthu omwe nthawi zonse amatiwonetsa zomwezo popanga zipinda za echo makonda, sizovuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake dziko lapansi lili ndi polarized ndipo ndizovuta kupeza. zomwe zimatsegula zitseko zakukambirana: aliyense amakhulupirira chowonadi chake ndipo safuna kusinkhasinkha malingaliro ena.
Kodi chinyengo cha chowonadi chimabwera chifukwa cha chiyani?
Zotsatira zachinyengo za chowonadi zimachitika chifukwa cha msampha muubongo wathu. Ndipotu, tiyenera kuganizira kuti ubongo wathu umakonda kusunga zinthu; ndiye kuti ndi waulesi. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za chowonadi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kubwerezabwereza zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha "fluidity of processing"; ndiko kuti, kubwerezabwereza kumapangitsa chidziwitso kukhala chosavuta kuchikonza mwachidziwitso, kumasuka komwe nthawi zambiri timatanthauzira molakwika ngati chizindikiro kuti nzowona.
M'zochita, pamene chinachake "chimamveka" mwa ife, timakonda kukhala osatsutsa kwambiri, kuchipereka chofunika kwambiri ndi kuganiza kuti ndichodalirika kuposa malingaliro atsopano. Kubwerezabwereza kumapereka ubwino wodziwa bwino pamene mawu atsopano amafunikira kuyesetsa kwachidziwitso. Zotsatira zake, tidzakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chosiya kukhala maso ndi kuvomereza zomwe zimabwerezedwa. Ingokhala njira yowonjezerera nthawi ndi chuma chathu.
Inde, sitiri nkhokwe zachidziŵitso, tili ndi mphamvu yakukana malingaliro opanda nzeru, kulingalira kolakwa ndi zikhulupiriro zolakwa. Tingalepheretse maganizo athu kukodwa m’chiyambukiro chonyenga cha chowonadi mwa kusanthula mlingo wa kulingalira kopezeka m’malingaliro amene timamva. Tiyenera kuyang'ana mosalekeza zomwe timakhulupirira ndi kusakhulupirira chifukwa tamva zikubwerezedwa kambirimbiri. Bodza silisandulika kukhala chowonadi chifukwa limabwerezedwa kambirimbiri, koma nthawi zina limakwanira kuti litikhutiritse. Kudziwa kutengeka ndi sitepe yoyamba kuti musiye kutengeka.
Chitsime:
Lacassagne, D. et. Al. (2022) Kodi Dziko Lapansi ndi lalikulu kwambiri? Kubwerezabwereza kumawonjezera chowonadi chodziwika cha mawu osamveka. Kuzindikira; 223:105052.
Pakhomo Chinyengo chobwerezabwereza cha chowonadi: tikamamva bodza kwambiri, m'pamenenso limawoneka ngati lomveka. idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
