Malingaliro amawuluka ngati mivi yapoizoni. Zowukira ad hominem ndiwo dongosolo la tsiku. Kulabadira kukuchulukirachulukira m'gulu lomwe likuwoneka kuti ndi lachidwi komanso losasunthika.
Mbali yaikulu ya kuukira kwatsiku ndi tsiku komwe kumachitika pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, mkwiyo wosalamulirika umene mawu ena amadzutsa kapena kutsutsa malemba ena ali ndi kufotokoza kosavuta: kusamvetsetsa kuŵerenga. Tikukhala m'gulu lomwe limamvetsetsa pang'onopang'ono ndikupereka malingaliro ochulukirapo.
Kuwerenga kumvetsetsa mu kugwa kwaulere
Nthawi ndi nthawi, bungwe la Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) limasanthula kukula kwaluntha kwa anthu okhala m'maiko 38 omwe ali mamembala ake ndikukonza lipotilo. "Maluso a Outlook". Limodzi mwa luso lomwe limawunikidwa ndikuwerenga kumvetsetsa.
Kuwerenga kumvetsetsa ndi luso lomwe limatithandiza kumvetsetsa, kuyesa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malemba olembedwa kuti titenge nawo mbali pagulu, kukwaniritsa zolinga zathu kapena kungowonjezera chidziwitso chathu ndikukulitsa zomwe tingathe.
Kuwerenga kumvetsetsa kumaphatikizanso maluso ena osavuta, kuyambira pakumasulira mawu olembedwa ndi ziganizo mpaka kumvetsetsa, kumasulira ndi kuwunika. Kuti tichite izi, tifunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta zoganizira monga kaphatikizidwe, kusanthula, kufananiza, generalization ndi inference.
Komabe, kumvetsetsa kwathu kuwerenga kwakhala mu kugwa kwaulere kwa nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira za lipoti laposachedwapa la OECD zimasonyeza kuti m’maiko ambiri muli chiŵerengero chochititsa mantha cha achikulire omwe ali ndi luso lochepa kwambiri la chinenero.
Ndi 0,7% yokha ya akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba cha kuwerenga; ndiko kuti “Kutha kuphatikiza zidziwitso zochokera m'malemba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizira malingaliro kapena malingaliro ofanana kapena otsutsana, kuwunika mfundo zozikidwa paumboni. Unikani kudalirika ndi magwero azidziwitso, komanso pezani zinthu zongolankhula kapena kuganiza mozama ”.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pakati pa 4,9 ndi 27,7% ya akuluakulu amasonyeza luso lofunika kwambiri, ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa mayiko. Spain ndi Italy ndizomwe zili pansi pamndandandawu, ndi zigoli zoyipa kwambiri.
Ku Spain, mwachitsanzo, 7,2% ya akuluakulu ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha kuwerenga, kutsatiridwa ndi Italy (5,5%) ndi France (5,3%). Ngakhale mayiko ngati US ndi UK ali ochepera pakuwerenga kumvetsetsa.
Anthu amenewa amatha kuwerenga ndi kumvetsa malemba aafupi okha pa mitu yomwe amaidziwa bwino. Ndipo amatha kuyankha mafunso owerenga ngati apeza mayankho mwamalemba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe kusanthula kwa chidziwitso komwe kumachitika.
Timawerenga mocheperapo, mwachangu komanso mwachiphamaso
Kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center imavumbula kuti pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa atatu alionse achikulire a ku America sanaŵerenge buku lonse m’chaka chathachi. Kuti timvetse bwino deta imeneyi, tangoganizani kuti manambala olembedwa mu 1978 anawirikiza katatu.
Zoonadi, chifukwa chakuti kumvetsetsa kwa kuŵerenga kukucheperachepera sizitanthauza kuti anthu satha kuŵerenga kapena saŵerenga. Kupatula apo, tsopano tikuwerenga maimelo ochulukirapo, ma meseji, masamba awebusayiti ndi zolemba zazifupi pazama media.
Koma sichomwecho…
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Showa University School of Medicine amawulula kuti ophunzira amachita bwino powerenga mayeso powerenga ndimeyi papepala, osati kugwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa chidziwitso.
Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kuwerenga pa foni yam'manja kumapanga zochitika zowonjezereka, zomwe zingasonyeze chidziwitso chapamwamba; ndiko kuti, pamafunika khama kuposa kuwerenga papepala.
Mosakayikira, luso lamakono lasintha zizoloŵezi zathu zoŵerenga. Mwina timawerenga zambiri, koma mwachiphamaso. Timadumpha kuchokera ku nkhani ina kupita ku ina, kuchokera ku nkhani ina kupita ku ina, kuchokera ku ndemanga ina kupita ku ina… Timakhala pamitu yankhani ndi kusanthula zambiri, tikukhulupirira kuti taphunzira kapena kumvetsetsa malingaliro a wolemba pomwe kwenikweni sitinatero. t. Zowonadi, kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Yunivesite ya Texas akuwonetsa izi kugawana nkhani pa chikhalidwe TV zimatipangitsa kumva kukhala odziwa zambiri, ngakhale kuti sitinawerenge nkomwe.
Kulumikizana kwa digito ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe timakumana nazo pa intaneti nthawi zambiri zimatifikitsa kumasamba ena, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tisamawerenge zomwe timawerenga ndikugwera mubowo lakuda lodziwitsa zambiri. Liwiro limenelo la kuwononga zinthu likutilepheretsa kuzikonza bwino. Zili ngati tikuwonjezera deta nthawi zonse popanda kuvutikira kuyesa kudalirika kwake kapena kumvetsetsa. Timadya zambiri koma sitizisintha kukhala chidziwitso.
Koma si vuto lonse laukadaulo ...
Ulesi wachidziwitso, kusinthika kwamalingaliro komanso kusowa chifundo: kuphulika kwaumbuli.
Kuwerenga kovutirapo sichifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika luso laukadaulo. Zilekeni! Amakhalanso ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Tikukhala m'dziko lofulumira lomwe kuchita mwachangu kumafupidwa, kotero nthawi zina timamva ngati tilibe nthawi yowerenga nkhani yonse, kuzindikira, kapena kusanthula nkhani.
Ndiye tiyeni tilowe mu ulesi wozindikira.
Kuganiza kumafuna khama ndi nthawi, motero timalolera kutengeka ndi malingaliro okhazikitsidwa kale. Sitiyesa kumvetsetsa. Ndipo nkhani zikavuta kwambiri, ulesi umakhala wovuta kwambiri komanso timatengera njira zazifupi zamaganizidwe.
Choncho chikhumbo ndi luso lowerenga malemba otalika komanso ovuta kwambiri, komanso kumvetsetsa malingaliro omwe olembawo akuyesera kufotokoza, amachepetsa. Timataya luso lodziika tokha m’mikhalidwe ya wolembayo ndi kuyesa kuzindikira chimene iye ankatanthauza.
Ngakhale kuti powerenga lemba sitingathe kuthawa chisonkhezero cha zochitika zathu ndi njira yathu yomvetsetsa moyo, posachedwapa tataya chifundo cha kuŵerenga chofunika kuti timvetsetse amene akulemba. Potero timatha kuswa milatho ya zokambirana zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa wolemba ndi wowerenga.
Sitimadzifunsanso tokha ngati tamvetsetsa bwino kapena tikadatanthauzira molakwika mawuwo, timangosintha malingaliro athu - omwe nthawi zonse amakhala okondera chifukwa sitikudziwa zenizeni za wolemba - kukhala chiweruzo chotsutsa chomwe timagenda nacho kapena poyera. kwezani.
Ndipo choyipa koposa zonse, kuyankha nthawi zambiri kumangotengera zidziwitso zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera munkhani zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimatipangitsa kumva. Kuwerenga kumasiya kukhala chinthu chowoneka mokhazikika ndikukhala chinthu chochita mopupuluma. Simumawerenga kuti mumvetse koma kuti muchite. Sitiwerengera kuti tiwonjezere kawonedwe kathu ka dziko koma kuweruza.
Monga Steven Mintz, pulofesa wa mbiri yakale ku yunivesite ya Texas amanenera, "Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akulowa m'makoleji chawonjezeka, chiwerengero cha ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba la kuwerenga chachepa, kulimbikitsa mapulofesa kuti achepetse kuwerengera."
Kotero ife tagwa mu ozungulira pansi pomwe tapereka kusinkhasinkha pa guwa lachangu. Chotsatira chake n’chakuti n’zosadabwitsa kuti tili ndi anthu ophunzira kwambiri koma osamvetsetsa. Zambiri "zachidziwitso" koma zosawoneka bwino. Ndi maphunziro ochulukirapo, koma chifundo chochepa. Ndi malingaliro athunthu ndi malingaliro opanda pake.
Malire:
Honma, M., Masaoka, Y., Iizuka, N., Wada, S., Kamimura, S., Yoshikawa, A., Moriya, R., Kamijo, S., & Izumisaki, M. (2022). Kuwerenga pa foni yam'manja kumakhudza kutukusira, kuchitapo kanthu kwa ubongo, komanso kumvetsetsa. Scientific Reports; 12(1): 1589.
Gelles, R. & Perrin, A. (2021) Ndani samawerenga mabuku ku America? Mu: Pew Research Center.
Batini, F. et. Al. (2013) OECD: Skills Outlook. Mu: OECD.
Moore, DW (2005) Pafupifupi theka la Achimereka Akuwerenga Bukhu. Mu: bungwe la Gallup linachita.
Pakhomo Tikukhala m'gulu lomwe limamvetsetsa pang'onopang'ono ndikupereka malingaliro ochulukirapo idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
