Amagama isimo sengqondo kanye nokufaneleka avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, ngemva kwakho konke, izinhlamvu ezimbalwa kuphela ezishintshayo. Afana kakhulu endleleni apelwa ngayo futhi aphinyiswe ngayo, kodwa anezincazelo ezihlukene, ngakho awawona amagama ashintshashintshayo.
Siyini ngempela isimo sengqondo?
Ikhono livela egameni lesiLatini ukufaneleka, okusho ukuthi "okufanele", ngakho-ke kuvame ukuqondwa njengokungenzeka, ikhono noma ikhono. Eqinisweni, ukufaneleka kubhekisela emakhonweni noma emakhonweni esinawo emkhakheni othile wesenzo.
Le izimo zengqondo ziyizimo noma izimfuneko ezibalulekile ezisivumela ukuba sithuthukise amakhono athile noma siphumelele kwezinye izindawo. Kodwa-ke, ukufaneleka akufani nekhono noma intshisekelo, kuwumqondo ocace kakhulu obhekisela kuphela ezicini ezithile zokusebenza komuntu ngaphakathi kwendawo elinganiselwe.
Umuntu onekhono lezilimi, isibonelo, uzofunda olunye ulimi ngokushesha, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi uyisikhulumi esihle noma umuntu okholisayo. Ukufaneleka kuqondile, kulinganiselwe endaweni ethile futhi kuncike kokubili ezicini zofuzo kanye nomzamo womuntu siqu.
Umqondo ka-Bingham wokufaneleka ukhombisa ukuthi imayelana “isimo noma iqoqo lezici ezibhekwa njengophawu lwekhono lomuntu lokuthola ulwazi oluthile (ngokuvamile oluqondile), ikhono, noma iqoqo lezimpendulo ngokuqeqeshwa, okufana nekhono lokufunda ulimi olusha noma ukudala umculo…”
UBingham uthi futhi ukufaneleka kuyisilinganiso samathuba omuntu okuphumelela ezimweni ezithile, njengokudlala ivayolini noma ukudlala ithenisi. Ngakho-ke ukufaneleka kungaphezu nje kwekhono, umuntu angathi yikhono kanye nokufaneleka ukwenza.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angase afunde kakhulu ngoba enolwazi oluningi, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi unguthisha onekhono, ngoba kulokhu uzodinga ikhono elimvumela ukuba adlulisele lolo lwazi. Ngakho-ke, ikhono liyisisekelo lapho amakhono akhethekile athuthukiswa khona.
Siyini isimo sengqondo?
Igama elithi isimo sengqondo livela egameni lesiLatini actus, okwedlule okukude kwe isenzo okusho ukuthi "ukusunduza, ukuyisa into phambili", ngakho-ke ukwenza, ukwenza. Amagama anjengokuthi "isimo sengqondo" kanye "nomqondo" azalwa kule zimpande. Ngakho-ke, lo mqondo ubhekisela kusimo somuntu sokusabela ezimweni ezithile ngokungaguquki.
Isimo sengqondo sihlanganisa indlela esibona futhi sihlole ngayo into ethile noma othile, ngakho-ke kuba ukuthambekela kokuphendula kahle noma kabi emcabangweni othile, entweni, kumuntu noma esimweni esithile. Eqinisweni, izimo zengqondo zivame ukwakheka lapho sihlangana nezimo ezithile, abantu noma amaqembu kukho konke ukuphila.
Kodwa lapho izimo zengqondo sezisunguliwe, ngokuvamile zisicindezela ukuba senze ngendlela ethile lapho sizithola sikulezo zimo noma sidinga ukuxhumana nabantu abathile noma amaqembu athile. Eqinisweni, isimo sengqondo sisho isimo sokusebenza sokulungela esisishukumisela ukuba sisabele ngendlela eyisici.
KuCantril, isibonelo, "Isimo sengqondo yisimo esihlala njalo noma esincane sokuthambekela kwengqondo esibeka kusengaphambili ukuthi umuntu asabele ngendlela eyisici kunoma iyiphi into noma isimo ahlobene naso". Ngandlela thize, isuke imele noma imelene nezinto ezithile, okusho kokubili ukuthambekela okungokomzwelo nokuhlola izinto ngokuqonda, izici ezimbili ezigcina zibangele ukuziphatha okuthile.
Ngokusobala, izimo zengqondo zingagcinwa zisezingeni eliyisisekelo ngokudala ukusabela kokuthanda noma ukungathandi isimo noma umuntu othile. Kodwa izimo zengqondo ezinengxenye eyinkimbinkimbi yemizwa noma yobuhlakani zingadala ukusabela kothando noma inzondo, intukuthelo noma ukweyisa, ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesimo sengqondo nokufaneleka usemsuka wako
Yiqiniso, isimo sengqondo asifani nekhono. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimo zengqondo nekhono utholakala emsuka wayo yomibili imiqondo. Nakuba isimo sengqondo ngokuvamile siwumphumela wezinkolelo nemibono yethu, esukela ngokuyinhloko kulokho esiye sabhekana nakho ekuphileni, ukufaneleka kubhekisela ekutholeni kalula amakhono amasha ngokuhlangenwe nakho, ikhono elivame ukuba nengxenye yofuzo.
Ngempela, amakhono amaningi azalwa. Kunabantu abazalwa benekhono lemvelo lokwenza imisebenzi ethile noma abayifunda kalula ngoba benamandla amakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sengqondo sibhekisela esimweni esitholakala ngokuyisisekelo ezimweni zokuphila. Kuwumphumela wezinkolelo zethu nemizwelo yethu, ethonywe kakhulu okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nezici zemvelo.
Lo mehluko phakathi kwesimo sengqondo nokufaneleka nakho kunquma ukuphikelela kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izimo zengqondo zingaqina kakhulu futhi zimelane noshintsho, ngokuvamile isimo sengqondo sihlala singashintshile ngenxa yokuvela kwaso. Izimo zengqondo ngokuvamile azihlukani kakhulu phakathi neminyaka.
Ngokuphambene, izimo zengqondo, njengoba zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nobuntu nezimo zokuphila, zinoketshezi oluthe xaxa kanye nemvelo eguquguqukayo. Kungase kube lula ngomuntu ukushintsha isimo sakhe sengqondo mayelana nokungathembeki noma ubungqingili kunokuba athuthukise ikhono lokudlala insimbi yomculo ngekhono. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, kulula ukukhuthaza noma ukushintsha isimo sengqondo kunokuthuthukisa ikhono kusukela ekuqaleni.
Isimo sengqondo noma ukufaneleka: yikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu?
Ukufaneleka kuyikhono lomuntu lokuthola ikhono elisha, kuyilapho isimo sengqondo sibonisa ukuthambekela kwakhe ezimweni ezithile. Nakuba zihlukile, zombili zibalulekile.
Ngokomsebenzi, isibonelo, ngeke siye kude uma sinamakhono amahle kodwa isimo sengqondo esibi, ngoba ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu, ukungabaza esikubonisa emsebenzini wethu kanye nokuqina emibonweni kuyoba yisithiyo ekuthuthukeni kwethu.
Nokho, ngeke siye kude kakhulu nakuba sinesimo sengqondo esihle kodwa asinakho ukufaneleka. Kunezindawo lapho amakhono abaluleke kakhulu, njengomculo noma ubuciko. Njengoba amanye amakhono anzima kakhulu ukuwathuthukisa kunamanye, ukuba nawo "ngokuzenzakalelayo" kuzoshelela kakhulu indlela, kusinike inzuzo eyengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke, ukuzama ukukhetha phakathi kwesimo sengqondo noma ukufaneleka ngokunikeza isisindo esiningi komunye noma komunye akunangqondo. Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukwazi izimo zethu zengqondo. Ukuqaphela esikwenza kangcono kakhulu, yini esingayenza ngokushelela kakhulu nangomzamo omncane. Esikuthandayo nesizizwa sizalelwe kona ngoba sikwenza ngendlela engokwemvelo njengokuphefumula.
Uma sesihlonze 'amathalenta' ethu akhethekile, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi sithuthukisa lawo makhono ngokuzijwayeza futhi sihambisane nezimo zengqondo ezifanele. Isimo sengqondo esifanele ngempilo asikwazi nje ukusivulela iminyango eminingi, kodwa singasisiza nokuba sibe nethemba elikhulu, sibhekane nezithiyo ngokuthula okukhulu futhi senze izinqumo ezingcono. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe siqiniseke ukuthi izimo zengqondo nezimo zengqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyahambisana. Ngale ndlela siyokwazi ukuzizwa sifezeke ngokwengeziwe futhi sanelisekile.
Imithombo
I-Egly, AH (1992) Inqubekela phambili engalingani: I-Social Psychology kanye nesifundo sezimo zengqondo. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; I-63 (5): 693-710.
Snow, RE (1992) I-Aptitude Theory: Izolo, Namuhla, nakusasa. Isazi seSayensi yezeMpilo; 27 (1): 5-32.
U-Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1947) I-Psychology of ego-involvements: I-Social attitudes and identifications. UJohn Wiley & Sons Inc.
IBingham, WV (1942) Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi bezempi. I-Annals ye-American Academy of Political and Social Sciences; 220:18-28.
Umnyango Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesimo sengqondo nesimo sengqondo? yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
