Asibona ingunaphakade, nakuba ngokuvamile siphila sengathi siphila. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, empeleni, umphakathi wethu uye wahlakulela i-phobia yangempela yokuguga nokufa, okuthi, ngaphandle kokusenza sijabule kakhudlwana, isifake ekukhungathekeni, okusiqhubezela ukuba siphishekele imigomo engafinyeleleki. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, indlela yezenhlalo yayihluke kakhulu. Abantu babewazi kakhulu umusho wesiLatini "memento mori", okusho ngokwezwi nezwi "khumbula ukuthi kumele ufe". Isikhumbuzo esingashintsha kakhulu izimpilo zethu, ngendlela enhle.
Uyini umsuka womusho "isikhumbuzo"?
Ngokwe-Galileo Galilei Institute of Turin, umsuka walesi sisho uhlehlela emuva emphakathini wamaRoma, owawunozwela oluthile mayelana nokufa nokuphila. Kuthiwa lisuselwa esikweni lasendulo lamaRoma: lapho ujenene ebuyela edolobheni ngemva kokunqoba okukhulu kwezitha zakhe enkundleni yempi, wayehambahamba emigwaqweni ngenqola yegolide emukela ihlombe nenjabulo yesixuku.
Nokho, impumelelo nodumo lwalungamkhanga "i-hubris" okuholela esimweni sokuqhosha, ukuzidla kanye nokweqisa okwamenza waba nenkohliso eyiqiniso yokuba namandla onke. Ukuze kugwenywe lokhu, isigqila - kanye nesinye sezinceku ezithobeke kakhulu - sasinomsebenzi wokumkhumbuza ngemvelo yakhe yobuntu neyokufa (elinganiselwe futhi ephelayo) ngokumhlebela: “Iposi le-Respice wena. Ngikhumbule”, okwakusho “Bheka emuva, khumbula ukuthi uyindoda”.
Ngomqondo ofanayo, inkulumo "isikhumbuzo somlilo" lalisetshenziselwa ukukhumbuza lawo madoda amakhulu ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazuzani kanye nodumo lwabo, ukuphela kwakuyoba okufanayo kubo bonke. Ngale ndlela, lapho ujenene onqobile egujwa edwendwe emigwaqweni yedolobha, wayekhunjuzwa nangokufa kwakhe ukuze amvimbele ekuzigqajeni ngokweqile.
Ukukhumbula ukufa ukugubha impilo
Uthe imemo yayingeyona eyamaRoma kuphela. Ezinye izimpucuko eziningi zenza kanjalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngeminyaka yawo-600s, ngokwesibonelo, ngohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwamakholwa akwaCistercian, babevame ukuphinda omunye komunye umusho. "isikhumbuzo somlilo" futhi baze bemba amathuna abo kancane nsuku zonke ukuze bahlale bekhumbula ukufa kwabo futhi bangalahlekelwa injongo yokuphila.
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kudangala ekuqaleni, iqiniso liwukuthi le nkulumo "isikhumbuzo somlilo" kuyisimemo sokuzindla ngobufushane bempilo kanye nobuze bezifiso zomuntu. Umphakathi wanamuhla awukuthandi ukucabanga kakhulu ngokufa futhi ukhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle kwakho ngoba ukubheka njengento ecindezela kakhulu noma enyantisayo ukuba ingabi namizwa yamanje.
Nokho, kuze kube sekhulwini lama-XNUMX, ukukhumbula ukufa komuntu kwakungeyona into embi, kodwa kunalokho kwakuyisikhuthazo sokuphila ukuphila okuhle, okuhle, nokunenjongo. Ngokwesibonelo, imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko etholakala emasontweni ikhumbula isihloko sokufa ukuze ikhuthaze izibukeli ukuba zizindle ngenjongo yokuphila.
UNella I-Danse macabre, uhlobo olwaqalwa ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kodwa lwaduma phakathi neNkathi Yenguquko, amathambo azenza ukufa ayedansa nabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuliphi izinga. Ngale ndlela wonke umuntu, kusukela kwabampofu kuya kwababhishobhi kuya kubabusi, wayekhunjuzwa ukuthi ukuzijabulisa kwezwe kuyaphela futhi wonke umuntu kumelwe afe.
Incazelo efihliwe yomusho "isikhumbuzo somlilo"
Le nkulumo "memento mori", evame ukuhunyushwa ngokungeyikho ngokuthi "khumbula ukuthi uzofa", empeleni nayo inenye incazelo uma ihlaziywa ngokuhumusha okunembayo: "khumbula ukuthi kufanele ufe". Umehluko ucashile kodwa ubalulekile njengoba ungesona nje isikhumbuzo sokufa kwethu kodwa futhi uyisikhuthazo sokulungiselela leso sikhathi ekuphileni.
Eqinisweni kusikhumbuza ukuthi siyafa kancane nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke kufanele siqale ukuzehlukanisa nazo zonke izinto ezingasho lutho kanye nezifiso zezwe. Leso sikhumbuzo sisisiza sibone injabulo nobuhlungu ngendlela ehlukile. Kusikhuthaza ukuthi sishiye ukwesaba kwethu, izinkathazo kanye nokungabaza. Futhi kusiphusha ukuthi silahle imikhuba esivimba ukuthi sinciphise isisindo esisithwele.
Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo - isiko lapho amaRoma akhipha - babe nesiko lokulinganisa inhliziyo nge-psychostasis noma ibhalansi. Kwelinye ipuleti kwakubekwe uphaphe lwentshe, uphawu lukankulunkulukazi uMaat. Uma inhliziyo inesisindo esingaphezu kophaphe, kwakusho ukuthi lowo muntu ufile ngenxa yecala futhi enze kabi, ngaleyo ndlela adliwe u-Ammit, isilo sasenganekwaneni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwakuqondwa ukuthi umufi wayephile ukuphila okulungile futhi wayelungele ukuzalwa kabusha emhlabeni olandelayo.
Ukukhumbula ukufa kwakukhuthaza ukuhlukanisa umphefumulo nosizi lwezwe nazo zonke izingibe ezikulo, njengokubekela eceleni imigomo yethu ngokungapheli, ukugcwalisa izinsuku zethu ngezinto eziphuthumayo kodwa ezingabalulekile, noma ukukhathazeka ngokungadingekile ngezinto ezingasho lutho.
Phila manje!
Umkhuba okhulayo esikweni lethu uwukuphika ukufa ukuze siphile enkolelweni yokuthi singahlala sibasha phakade nokuthi impilo yethu iyaqhubeka unomphela. Ukujaha lowomcabango ngokuvamile kusho ukuhlanganyela emncintiswaneni ohlulwa isikhathi, ukugcina ingqondo imatasa ngezinto ezingasho lutho, nokujaha izinto ezingalethi ukwaneliseka kwangempela.
Kulo mongo, khumbula umusho wesiLatini ngezikhathi ezithile "isikhumbuzo somlilo" ingaba ihubo lempilo. Kusikhuthaza ukuba siyeke ukuchitha ukuphila kwethu ngokuphishekela imigomo yabanye abantu, ukuqongelela izinto ezibonakalayo, noma ukukhathazeka ngezinto ezingasho lutho. Ekugcineni, kungasishukumisela ukuba sithathe isinyathelo sokuqala ukuze siqale ukuphila ngendlela esiyifunayo ngempela, ukuze ekugcineni singazisoli. Ini memento mori isitshela ngempela ukuthi: phila manje!
Imithombo
Zaffarano, GL (2011) Memento mori. Ngale Umagazini; 1.
Ricasoli, C. (2016) Memento Mori' e-Baroque Rome. Izifundo; 104(416): 456-467.
Umnyango “I-Memento mori” ayichazi lokho okucabangayo, lesi sisho sasendulo sesiLatini silethani empilweni yakho? yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
