AmaGreki, abathandi bobuhle nobuhlakani, ama-acrobats omzimba nomphefumulo, afingqe ngegama elilodwa ikhodi esemqoka yokuphila impilo ngokugcwele: καλοκαγαθία (kalokagathìa), bello e kuhle, ngokwalokho isici somzimba sasixhumene eduze nomphefumulo, kwakuyisibuko, isibonakaliso, emzuzwini womlando wamaGreki, ngakho-ke womlando wethu, lapho uguquko lwamasiko olwashukumisa isiqhingi lwalubonakala luhleba futhi ludumisa. bellezza e ukuphelela ngayo yonke indlela. Ngamafuphi, abukho ubuhle obusebenzayo uma lokhu bekungahlanganiswa nobuhlakani.
Yikhulu lesihlanu BC lapho ifilosofi “muhle futhi muhle” ithatha izintambo: ubuciko buchaza izici zabo, ama-canon abo okufanele alandelwe, I-Athene igcwele ubuhlakani bezakhiwo, izincwadi, amasiko kanye nasezinkundleni zokuzivocavoca, ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca, abantu abasha baqeqeshe umzimba ukucasula ithokoza, eqinisweni, ngaphezu konkulunkulu, yibo okufanele bavezwe kakhulu abaqophi bezithombe basendulo. Izibonelo ze kalokagathia ngokushesha baba abasubathi abasebasha, ababezinikele emahoreni namahora okuzivocavoca ejimini, i-fulcrum yomphakathi, ngoba izikole zazalelwa ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca.
La καλοκαγαθία akuzange kume kancane ukuphakanyiswa kobuhle, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke wakwamukela ukubaluleka kobuhle nobuhle bengqondo. Umsuka wokuzivocavoca umzimba kwakuwukunaka okungapheli ekufinyeleleni kwentsha ubuhle bangaphakathi nobungaphandle. Ngenxa yalokhu amaGreki abe ompetha bempilo yomzimba, yona eyaculwa izimbongi ngesikhathi sokunqoba kwama-Olympic. Ama-Olympics ayeyinkundla yompetha καλοκαγαθία.
Imiqhudelwano yeminyaka emine eyamukelwa, edolobheni lase-Olympia, abasubathi abavela kuzo zonke izingxenye zeGreece, yafuna phambi kwabo ukunakwa, inhliziyo, inhlonipho, ukuhlonishwa kwesizwe sonke, okwathi, ngenkathi ilindile futhi phakathi nokuvela kwayo, yaze yamisa izimpi eziqhubekayo. , ngenxa ye-halo engcwele eyayibazungezile.
Uma sicabanga Olympics eGreece Yasendulo, abasubathi abahlose ukubukisa ngokudlala kwabo bayafika emqondweni, bebuka izinto ezintantayo ngemva kokunqoba, kugujwa ngezingoma zobunkondlo njengonkulunkulu emhlabeni.
Nokho, i-Olympia iphinde yembula olunye uhlangothi lwendaba eyaziwa kakhulu. Kuma-Olympics abesifazane: the I-Heráia, egijima imiqhudelwano lapho amantombazane angashadile ayegijima khona ehlonipha unkulunkulukazi uHera, isazi-mlando uPausanias okukhulunywe ngaso. Lapha umgomo wawuhlukile, inhloso empeleni kwakuwumshado nomjaho wokugijima indlela yokukhombisa ubungqabavu bomuntu.
Nakuba uPausanias kunguye yedwa ositshela ngalama-Olympics abesifazane, siyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amantombazane angamaGreki awazange akhishwe emfundweni engokomzimba. E-Sparta, ikakhulukazi, bekulindeleke ukuthi, njengabafana, baqeqeshe imizimba yabo ukuzuza lokho kulinganisela okubusa impilo yomzimba nengqondo.
AmaGreki, kuze kufike kumaRoma, athola isiko lemvelo kwasekuqaleni, ayizingcweti zobuhle (kalos), kodwa hhayi ubuhle obukha phezulu, obuhle futhi okuhle (i-agathos). Futhi uma sijoyina i-Yin ne-Yang sihlangabezana nokulingana komphefumulo nomzimba, lokho uJuvenal, ekhulwini lesibili AD akungcwelisa ngokwesilinganiso amadoda kakhulu ku-corpore sano (indodakazi ka καλοκαγαθία isiGreki).
Abantu basendulo babevele bekuqonda lokhu. Ezemidlalo zisindisa imiphefumulo. Futhi babefuna ukudlulisa le mfundiso kithi ngazo zonke izindlela: ngokusungulwa kwama-Olympics, asagujwa nanamuhla, amavesi ezinkondlo asafundwa, imisebenzi eqoshiwe esingakwazi ukuyincoma namanje noma kancane.
Uma ezemidlalo zazihlonishwa, ziculwa, zibaziwe futhi ziqoshwe ngenhlonipho, kwakufanele kube khona ipherishi eyedlula kude le elula ukunakekelwa kwe-aesthetic noma i-narcissistic yomzimba; bekunomlayezo ozowugqamisa futhi uphathiswe izizukulwane ezizayo futhi mhlawumbe uPlato angasisiza ukuba siwuqonde:
labo abazinikela ocwaningweni lwesayensi noma kweminye imisebenzi yobuhlakani ejulile kumelwe futhi banyakazise umzimba ngokuprakthiza i-gymnastics.
Lesi yisifundo esikhulu esingasithola kwabasendulo. Ukuqinisekisa okuhle ukusebenza kwengqondo, asikwazi ukukhipha ukusebenza okulungile komzimba. Abasendulo bayasifundisa, kumele sikusebenzise. Umzimba uyikhaya lethu, ingqondo iyipasipoti esivumela ukuthi sihlobane nomhlaba kanye nomhlaba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kusivumela ukuthi sisebenze kahle.
Uma amaGreki babekholelwa ekunakekeleni umzimba njengesici esibalulekile empilweni enhle, ngezinga elifanayo kufanele sibuyele emuva emisuka ukuze sifundise, siqala ezikoleni, ukuthi ezemidlalo zisiza kanjani ukuzazi, imingcele yomuntu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuyinqoba. Ayipheli umthombo wemfundophakathi kokudlala nokuziphatha. Umphefumulo ozinikela kwezemidlalo ngumphefumulo ozinikezelayo, ungumphefumulo ojabulayo.
L'articolo I-Greek Kalokagathìa: ubuhle nobuhle kwezemidlalo Kusuka ku- Ezemidlalo zizelwe.
