Theuzwela iyingcina yenhlalo enamandla. Yikhona okusivumela ukuba sizibeke ezicathulweni zabanye. Yilelo khono elisisiza ukuba sibone futhi sizihlanganise nabanye, hhayi nje kuphela ukuqonda imibono nemicabango yabo, kodwa futhi sizwe imizwelo nemizwa.
Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zozwela. Uzwela lokuqonda yilo olusivumela ukuba sibone futhi siqonde ukuthi omunye uzizwa kanjani, kodwa ngokusuka esimweni sokuhlakanipha, nokubandakanyeka okuncane okuthinta.
Uzwela lwengqondo yikhono lokuchaza ngokunembile, ukubikezela, nokuhumusha imizwelo yabanye, kodwa ukuntula ukucabanga okuthinta inhliziyo. Nokho, kungaba usizo kakhulu ekusizeni abanye ngokuzivikela emiphumeleni elimazayo engokomzwelo ebangelwa ukuzihlanganisa ngokweqile nobuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwabanye. Ngempela, kuyisisekelo ukuzwakala ngokuzwela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzwela olungokomzwelo noma oluthinta inhliziyo lwenzeka lapho kuba nokusabela okuthinta inhliziyo esizibonakalisa ngakho kakhulu nemizwa yomunye kangangokuthi singayizwa enyameni yethu siqu. Ngokusobala, lapho uzwela olungokomzwelo lweqisa futhi ukuhlobana nomunye cishe sekuphelele, kungasikhubaza, kusivimbele ekubeni usizo.
Ngokuvamile, lapho sinozwela, sisebenzisa ukulinganisela phakathi kwakho kokubili, ngakho siyakwazi ukubona imizwa yomunye kithi ngokwethu, kodwa futhi singaqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kubo ukuze sibasize ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa konke kubonakala kubonisa ukuthi le bhalansi iyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Ukuzwelana kwengqondo kuncipha ngokuya ngeminyaka
Emcabangweni odumile kunombono wokuthi abantu abadala abaqondi kahle. Sivame ukubabona njengabaqinile futhi abangabekezeleli kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwabancane. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaseNyuvesi yaseNewcastle ziye zafunda lesi simo nge-prism yozwela.
Baqashe abantu abadala abangu-231 abaneminyaka engu-17 kuya ku-94. Kuqale abantu bakhonjiswa izithombe zobuso nama-video abalingisi abebecelwa ukuthi badlulise imizwa eyahlukene. Ababambiqhaza bekufanele bahlonze imizwa eveziwe futhi banqume ukuthi ingabe amapheya ezithombe abonisa imizwa efanayo noma ehlukile.
Kamuva, babona izithombe ezingu-19 zabantu ababehileleke ohlotsheni oluthile lwemibuthano yokuzijabulisa noma imisebenzi ethile. Esimeni ngasinye, ababambiqhaza kwadingeka bazame ukuthola ukuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko wayezizwa kanjani (uzwela lokuqonda) futhi babonise ukuthi bazizwa behileleke kangakanani ngokomzwelo (uzwela olusebenzayo).
Abacwaningi abatholanga mehluko obalulekile ekuzweleni okuthintekayo, kodwa iqembu labantu abadala kunama-66 bathola okubi kakhulu ekuzweleni kwengqondo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi abantu abadala bangase babe nobunzima obukhulu ekuchazeni nasekuchazeni imizwelo yabanye ngokunembile.
Ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo noma indlela yokuguquguquka?
Olunye uchungechunge lwezifundo eziqhutshwa emkhakheni we-neuroscience lwembula ukuthi izingxenye ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo zozwela zisekelwa amanethiwekhi obuchopho ahlukene asebenzisanayo.
Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olwenziwa eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia lwathola ukuthi uzwela lwengqondo nelokuthinta kunendlela yokuthuthuka ehlukene. Nakuba uzwela oluthintekayo luncike ezifundeni zakudala zobuchopho, ngokuyinhloko uhlelo lwe-limbic, njenge-amygdala ne-insula, uzwela lwengqondo lubonakala luncike ezifundeni ezivamile ku-Theory of Mind ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kolwazi olwengeziwe, njengekhono lokuvimbela izimpendulo futhi sibeke eceleni umbono wethu ukuze sizibeke endaweni yabanye.
Ngokuhambisana nemigqa efanayo, ososayensi bezinzwa eNyuvesi yase-Harvard bathola ukuthi abanye abantu asebekhulile bakhombisa umsebenzi oncishisiwe ngokunembile ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ezinqubweni zozwela lwengqondo, njenge-dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, okucatshangwa ukuthi iyindawo efanelekile kunethiwekhi yozwela. abantu.
Incazelo okungenzeka yalesi simo ukuthi ukwehla komqondo okuvamile okwenzeka kubantu asebekhulile kugcina kuthinta ukuzwelana kwengqondo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi baphume emibonweni yabo ukuze bazibeke ezicathulweni zomunye futhi baqonde ukuthi kwenzekani kubo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenziwa ucwaningo e- IYunivesithi i-National Yang-Ming University inikeza enye incazelo. Ngokwalaba bacwaningi, izimpendulo ezihlobene nozwela lokuqonda kanye nozwela ziba ngokuzimela ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Eqinisweni, kuye kwaphawulwa nokuthi abantu abadala basabela ngozwela olukhulu kunabantu abasha ezimweni ezifanele kubo. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi njengoba sikhula siba nokuqonda okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela “esiwasebenzisa ngayo” amandla ethu ozwela.
Mhlawumbe lokho kuncipha kozwela kuwumphumela wokuguga nokuhlakanipha, uhlobo indlela yokuzivikela okusivumela ukuthi sizivikele ekuhluphekeni futhi kusenze siyeke ukukhathazeka kakhulu.
Imithombo
U-Kelly, M., McDonald, S., & Wallis, K. (2022) Uzwela kuyo yonke iminyaka: “Ngingase ngimdala kodwa ngisazizwa”. Neuropsychology; 36 (2): 116-127.
Moore, RC et. Al. (2015) Ama-neural correlates ahlukile wokuzwelana ngokomzwelo nokuqonda kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Ucwaningo Lwengqondo: I-Neuroimaging; 232:42-50.
Chen, Y. et. Al. (2014) Ukuguga kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko kuma-neural circuits angaphansi kozwela. I-Neurobiology Yokuguga; 35 (4): 827-836.
Umnyango Uzwela lokuqonda: Ingabe sifunda ukulondoloza "amandla ozwela" njengoba sikhula? yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
