"Phinda amanga izikhathi eziyikhulu, inkulungwane, isigidi futhi izoba yiqiniso." Le nkulumo, ebizwa ngokuthi uJoseph Goebbels, inhloko yenkulumo-ze yamaNazi (kodwa cishe kuqinisekile ukuthi akuyona eyakhe nokuthi akazange ayikhulume), isibe ngomunye wemithetho yokukhangisa futhi, nakuba inama-nuances ayo, isayensi yezengqondo ikhombisile ukuthi yikuphi okungalungile.
Futhi u-Aldous Huxley encwadini yakhe "Umhlaba Omusha Onesibindi" washo lokho "Izimpinda ezingama-62.400 zenza iqiniso". Emsebenzini, izitatimende ezithile zaphindwa kubantu lapho belele ukuze kufakwe lezo zinkolelo ezingqondweni zabo, ukuze zihlale zigxilile unomphela futhi zaba yizimfundiso ezingaphikiswa.
Kulezi zikhathi, lapho ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi oluyiphutha noma oluchemile kuwuhlelo lwezinsuku futhi kuba nzima ngokwandayo ukuhlukanisa idatha evela kunkulumo-ze noma ukukhohlisa, kubalulekile ukwazi izicupho izingqondo zethu ezisibekela zona.
Amanga aphindwa izikhathi eziyinkulungwane aba - cishe - iqiniso
Abantu abaningi ngokunganaki balingisa izinkolelo zabo ngezwe, bathonywa izimpikiswano ezibuthakathaka, futhi abakwenqabi ukwaziswa okungabalulekile. Ukuphindaphinda kungenye yezindlela zokuthonya lezi zinkolelo. Eqinisweni, kusayensi yezengqondo kukhona lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "umphumela weqiniso oyinkohliso", owaziwa nangokuthi umphumela wokuba semthethweni, umphumela weqiniso noma umphumela wokuphindaphinda.
Umphumela wokuqinisekisa, njengoba waziwa futhi, ubhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuphindaphindwa kolwazi kukhulisa iqiniso lalo eliphathekayo; okungukuthi, maningi amathuba okuba sikholelwe ukuthi kuyiqiniso. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi asiwathengi amakhophi amaningi ephephandaba ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi elikushoyo kuyiqiniso, asikho isizathu esinengqondo sokucabanga ukuthi ukuphindaphinda kuthinta iqiniso. Nokho, abantu abacabangi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela enengqondo.
Kuze kube muva nje bekucatshangwa ukuthi singakholelwa, ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngazo, izimangalo ezingamanga esasingazi lutho ngazo, njengomqondo we-Quantum Physics noma izinsolo zokutholakala kwe-Paleoecology. Nokho, ucwaningo olusha olwenziwa e-Catholic University of Leuven lusikisela ukuthi umphumela weqiniso ophindaphindwayo uhamba igxathu elingaphezulu ngokwenza izimangalo eziyinqaba ngempela nezingakholeki zibonakale ziyiqiniso kakhulu, ngisho noma ziphikisana ngokuqondile nolwazi lwethu.
Laba bacwaningi babonise abahlanganyeli abangaphezu kuka-200 ukuphindaphinda okuhlukahlukene kwezimangalo ezingamanga. Esigabeni sokuqala, bethulwe izimangalo ezingu-8 kwezingu-16 abanye abantu ababezilinganise njengezingamukeleki kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa izitatimende ezifana "Izindlovu zinesisindo esingaphansi kwezintuthwane", "i-Earth is a perfect square", "izindlovu zigijima kakhulu kune cheetah" e "Ukubhema kusiza amaphaphu", kanye nezimangalo ezizwakalayo.
Abantu kwakufanele bahlole ukuthi babheka kangakanani lezo zitatimende eziyi-8 njengeziyiqiniso futhi kamuva zethulwa kubo futhi zixutshwe ngokungahleliwe nezinye, baze bafinyelela izimpinda ezinhlanu ngasinye.
Baphinde baboniswa ngokungahleliwe izitatimende ze-16, eziyisishiyagalombili zazo zase zibonwe ngokuphindaphindiwe esinyathelweni sangaphambilini, kanti ezinye eziyisishiyagalombili zazizintsha. Kulokhu, bekufanele bakhombise ukuthi lingakanani iqiniso isitatimende ngasinye esiqukethwe esikalini esisuka ku -50 sisho ukuthi "amanga nakanjani" siye ku-+50 uma sithi "iqiniso nakanjani".
Ngakho-ke abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukuphindaphindwa kwezitatimende ezingakholakali kuthinte ukuhlolwa kweqiniso. Sekukonke, ama-53% abantu abone ukuthi izimangalo zibonwe izikhathi eziningi njengezingamanga kangako kunezintsha. Bangama-28% kuphela ababambiqhaza abe nomphumela ophambene; okusho ukuthi, lapho bechayeka ngokwengeziwe kulokho okushiwo, kwaba yilapho bekuthola kungenakwenzeka futhi kungamanga.
Le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi inani eliphansi ngokumangalisayo lokuphindaphinda (okuncane nje okuyisihlanu) lingathinta umbono wethu weqiniso ngokwenza izimangalo ezingakholeki zibonakale ziyiqiniso. Akukhona ukuthi sikholelwa ukuthi "uMhlaba uyisikwele esiphelele" - ngisho noma vele bekhona abakholelwayo - kodwa sijwayelana nalo mbono futhi ubukeka sengathi uyahlanya.
Ezinsukwini zanamuhla, ngaphansi kokugcwala kakhulu kwezindaba, ngomusa wama-algorithms wezenhlalo ahlala esibonisa ulwazi olufanayo ngokwakha amakamelo e-echo enziwe ngokwezifiso, akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umhlaba uhlukaniswe kangaka futhi kuba nzima ukukuthola. amaphuzu. ngokufanayo okuvula iminyango yezingxoxo: wonke umuntu ukholelwa eqinisweni lakhe futhi akazimisele ukucabangela eminye imibono.
Imuphi umphumela okhohlisayo weqiniso obangelwa yini?
Umthelela okhohlisayo weqiniso ubangelwa ugibe olusengqondweni yethu. Eqinisweni, kufanele sicabangele ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buvame ukonga izinsiza; okungukuthi uyavilapha. Ngakho-ke, umphumela weqiniso obangelwa ukuphindaphinda ngokuyinhloko ubangelwa "uketshezi lokucubungula"; okusho ukuthi, ukuphindaphinda kwenza ulwazi lucutshungulwe kalula, ukukhululeka esivame ukukuhumusha ngokungeyikho njengophawu lokuthi kuyiqiniso.
Eqinisweni, lapho into "izwakala" kithi, sivame ukugxeka kancane, ukuyinika ukubaluleka okukhulu futhi sicabange ukuthi ithembekile kunemibono emisha. Ukuphindaphinda kunikeza inzuzo yokujwayela kuyilapho izitatimende ezintsha zidinga umzamo wokuqonda okwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, siyoba nokuthambekela kokuyekethisa futhi samukele okuphindaphindiwe. Kumane kuyindlela yokwandisa isikhathi sethu nezinto esinazo.
Yebo, asizona nje izinqolobane zokwaziswa, sinamandla okulahla imibono engenangqondo, ukucabanga okuyiphutha nezinkolelo eziyiphutha. Singakwazi ukuvimbela izingqondo zethu ukuba zingabambeki emphumeleni oyinkohliso weqiniso ngokuhlaziya izinga lokuhluzeka kwengqondo eliqukethwe imibono esiyizwayo. Kufanele siqhubeke sihlola esikukholelwayo futhi singakukholwa ngoba nje sikuzwe kuphindwa izikhathi eziyinkulungwane. Amanga awaphenduki abe iqiniso ngoba aphindaphindwa izikhathi eziyinkulungwane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukuthi asikholise. Ukuqaphela ukusebenziseka kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuyeka ukulawuleka.
umthombo:
Lacassagne, D. et. Al. (2022) Ingabe Umhlaba uyisikwele esiphelele? Ukuphindaphinda kukhulisa iqiniso elicatshangwayo lezitatimende ezingakholekeki kakhulu. Ukuqonda; 223:105052.
Umnyango Inkohliso yeqiniso ephindaphindwayo: lapho sizwa amanga kakhulu, kulapho abonakala ezwakala khona. yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
