Ama-Mantra abaziwa amakhulu eminyaka, ikakhulukazi eNdiya, lapho abaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kumanje nje lapho i-psychology ne-neuroscience seziqale ukuba nentshisekelo kuzo futhi zathola amandla azo kabusha.
Kuqiniswe ngokuphefumula nokugxila, izinzuzo zama-mantras azigcini empilweni yezemizwa, kepha zingadlulela emzimbeni, kuzenze umkhuba wokuzindla esingakufaka enkambisweni yethu. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, asidingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi: imizuzu eyi-10 noma eyi-15 ngosuku yanele.
Yini imantra?
Igama "mantra" livela eSanskrit futhi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ithuluzi lengqondo" noma "ithuluzi lokucabanga". Kepha uma sinaka i-etymology yayo, iveza incazelo ejulile. Impande "indoda" isho "ingqondo" kanye "phakathi" "kwenkululeko", ngakho-ke incazelo engokoqobo yemantra kungaba "yilokho okukhulula ingqondo".
Ngakho-ke, ama-mantras ayinhlanganisela yemisindo engafani nenye ukuze kukhululwe ingqondo ezinkingeni zempilo yansuku zonke. Bangumusho, igama noma isilunga esiphindaphindwa ngokuqhubekayo nangesigqi. Ngoba bagcina ingqondo imatasa, banamandla okumisa ukugeleza okujwayelekile kwemicabango nokukhathazeka ukucacisa umbono wethu nokwenza lula ukuphumula.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-mantra akhona?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-mantras. Ama-mantra wendabuko avame ukuvela eSanskrit njengoba iningi lawo lisuka kubuHindu. Eqinisweni, imantra ngayinye kucatshangwa ukuthi idlidliza ngendlela eyingqayizivele futhi ithinte ingqondo nomzimba wethu ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ngomqondo ojwayelekile, singabheka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-mantras:
1. Ama-mantra ama-Tantric. Lawa ma-mantra atholakala kwi-Tantras futhi enzelwa izinhloso ezithile, njengokukhuthaza impilo ende, ukugcina impilo noma ukwelapha ukugula. Ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukuzijwayeza futhi, ngokwesiko lamaHindu, kufanele zifundwe kumkhulu othile.
2. Ama-mantras wePuranic. Zilula futhi zifundeka kalula, ngakho-ke noma ngubani angazifunda. Zisetshenziselwa ukudambisa imizwa futhi zithole isimo sokuphumula nokugxila.
Enye yama-mantra athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaBuddhist aseTibetan "Om mani padme hum", okugxile ekuthuthukiseni ububele. "Om gam ganapataye namaha" enye imantra esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthola amandla okusisiza ekubhekaneni nezinselelo zempilo futhi uphume uqinisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona amanye ama-mantra alula, njengawo wonke futhi adumile "Om". Ngokwesiko lamaHindu, "Om" kuyithoni yokuqala nephambili yendawo yonke njengoba kukholakala ukuthi indawo yonke ihlala ishaya futhi inempilo. Kungumsindo wendalo. Empeleni, kunelukuluku lokuthi uma le mantra ifundwa, idlidlizela kumvamisa we-136,1 Hz, okufana nalokho okutholakale kukho konke okusendalweni, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe I-Amity University.
ISanskrit, okuwulimi lwama-mantras amaningi, kuthiwa inomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kungenzeka ngoba ingumama wazo zonke izilimi, njengoba izilimi eziningi zesimanje zavela eSanskrit. Eqinisweni, uJung uphakamise ukuthi ama-Sanskrit mantras asebenze ezingqondweni zethu ezingazi lutho ngokusebenzisa ama-archetypes asendulo. Kunoma ikuphi, iSanskrit futhi iwulimi olunesigqi futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, ilingisa imisindo yemvelo, engaqinisa umthelela wayo wengqondo.
Ngabe ama-mantras abuthinta kanjani ubuchopho?
Ulimi lunomthelela omkhulu ebuchosheni nasemizweni yethu. Lapho sizwa imisindo ethile, sizwa ukusabela okunamandla kwe-visceral. Ukumemeza kungadala ukusabela okusheshayo kokungezwani nokwesaba. Ukuzwa impisi ikhala phakathi kwamabili kungasenza sesabe okungenangqondo. Umsindo wengozi yomgwaqo uvusa i-adrenaline. Isikhunta sekati siyasiduduza futhi sisikhulule. Ingoma ingasinika ama-goosebumps. Ukuhleka kwengane kusenza simomotheke. Amagama anenzondo adala inzondo, kuyilapho amagama anomusa enza uzwelo nothando.
Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ama-mantras nawo anomthelela ezingeni lomzwelo nangokomzimba. Eqinisweni, izifundo ezimbalwa ezenziwa ngemifanekiso esebenzayo yamagnetic resonance ngenkathi abantu behlabelela ama-mantras akhombisile ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu ekusebenzeni kobuchopho ziyenzeka.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe e-University of Hong Kong luthole ukuthi ama-mantras angenza ukwanda kwamagagasi e-alpha ne-theta ebuchosheni. Amagagasi e-alpha ne-theta yiwo alungiselela isimo sokuphumula, ubuciko kanye nokubona.
Ama-Mantras atholakele futhi ukuthi "enza kungasebenzi" izindawo ezinobuchopho ezihlobene nokucabanga kanye nengqondo ngenkathi kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo ye-neural, ehlanganiswe nemisebenzi yengqondo njengokuxazulula izinkinga, ithalente lobuciko, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuzazisa. Ngale ndlela ubuchopho bungena kalula esimweni sokugxila okugcwele.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-mantras enza kusebenze izindawo zobuchopho njenge-thalamus, ehlobene nokubona kwezinzwa, ne-hippocampus, ehlobene nenkumbulo nokufunda, okungasisiza sithuthukise ukusebenza kwethu kwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili ze-cerebral hemispheres, okuvumela ubuchopho bethu ukuthi busebenze ngokuphelele.
Izinzuzo zama-mantras ezingqondweni nasemzimbeni
Ucwaningo olusha lushicilelwa minyaka yonke ngezinzuzo zokulalela ama-mantras. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwezifundo ezingaphezu kuka-2.000 40 okwenziwe eminyakeni engama-XNUMX edlule kuphethe ngokuthi "Ama-Mantras angathuthukisa impilo yengqondo kanye nomthelela omubi kubantu", ukwenza ngokukhethekile ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukudangala, ukukhathala, intukuthelo nosizi.
Esinye sezikhiye ukuthi ama-mantras akhiqiza impendulo yokuphumula engagcini nje ngokuqeda ingqondo futhi isuse imicabango nokukhathazeka, kepha futhi evumelanisa ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, okwenza isimo ukuthula kwangaphakathi.
Olunye ucwaningo oluncane olwenziwe nezingane ezivela ku- I-Amity University ithole ukuthi amazwi aphindaphindwayo acashunwa okwemizuzu eyi-15 anomthelela omuhle ku-IQ. Izingane ezihaye amazwi aphindaphindwayo zazisebenza kangcono ekuhlolweni kwesikole.
Kepha mhlawumbe iqiniso elithandeka kakhulu ukuthi izinzuzo zama-mantras zinabela ezingeni lomzimba. Ucwaningo olwenziwe eNyuvesi yaseWest Virginia luhlaziye imiphumela yokuzindla nge-mantra kubude be-telomere (lapho ukuguga kwethu kuncike khona), umsebenzi we-telomerase (i-enzyme enwebisa ama-telomere), namazinga e-plasma amyloid. izifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative).
Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-12, bezijwayeza imizuzu eyi-12 ngosuku, abantu abalandela uhlelo lokuzindla ngemantra bakhombisa ukuthuthuka kulezi zimaki ze-plasma. Bethule "Ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, ukulala, imizwa kanye nekhwalithi yempilo, okuphakamisa ubudlelwane obukhona bokusebenza", ngokusho kwalaba sosayensi.
Eqinisweni, kunobufakazi bokuthi izinzuzo zezempilo zemantra azincikile ekukholweni kwethu kuzo, kepha ekugxileni. Njengoba uGeorge Leonard abhala: "Enhliziyweni yethu ngamunye, noma yikuphi ukungapheleli kwethu, kukhona ukushaya okuthulile okunesigqi esifanele, esakhiwe ngamagagasi nama-resonance, okungukuphela komuntu futhi ohlukile, kepha kusasixhumanisa nendawo yonke".
Yize isayensi isenendlela ende ekusafanele ihambe ukuze iqonde imiphumela yama-mantras ezingqondweni nasemzimbeni wethu, iqiniso ukuthi lo mkhuba usisiza ukuthi siphinde sithole ibhalansi ebalulekile engaba yisisekelo esiqinile sokwakha isitayela sempilo esinakekelayo sempilo yethu yomzimba.
Ungayikhetha kanjani imantra yomuntu siqu?
Akubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ama-Sanskrit mantras. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni imantra yomuntu siqu ukuthi inencazelo ekhethekile ezwakalayo kuwe. Imantra oyikhethayo kufanele iqondise amandla akho nenhloso yokufeza leso simo esikhululekile. Ngakho-ke ungakhetha i-mantra yakudala noma usebenzise igama elifushane noma ibinzana bese uyenza imantra yakho.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-mantra iyasebenza?
Uma ufunda i-mantra imizuzu eyi-10 nsuku zonke, uzokwazi ngokushesha ukuthi ngabe ukhethe imisindo efanele wena. Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukuthi kufanele sikunake ngokuphelele, sikulethe lapha futhi manje, ngoba inhloso enkulu ukwehlisa ingqondo nokukhipha lokho kusakazeka kwemicabango. Uphawu lwesibili lokuthi ukhethe i-mantra efanelekile kukwenza uzizwe ulungile, uzolile futhi unamandla.
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, lapho ufunda imantra kufanele udlule ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zokwazi, okuzokutshela ukuthi imantra ikusizakele yini:
• Isimo sokuphumula nesigxilile. Njengoba i-mantra kufanele ithathe indawo yemicabango ejwayelekile, iziphazamiso nezinkathazo, ingqondo iyakwazi ukuphumula igxile, ngaphandle kwanoma yini ephazamisayo.
• Ukuzungezisa ukwazi ezungeze imantra. Kancane kancane uzobona ukuthi ingqondo yakho iqala "ukuzungeza" ezungeze imantra, ikuqoqele lokhoamandla angokomzwelo ukuthi uchitha izinkathazo neziphazamiso.
• Isimo se Sakshi Bhava. Kuyisimo esithile, esaziwa nangokuthi "ukwazi ngofakazi", lapho uba ngumqapheli ongakhethi womqondo wakho. Ungabona izenzakalo ezingokwengqondo ezenzeka ngaphandle kokunamathela emicabangweni, emizweni nasekuzizweni, ukuze zingakhi ingxabano noma okunamathiselwe.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi komhlaba wangaphandle. Uma usebenzisa ama-mantras wokuzindla afanele, kungenzeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ulahlekelwe ukuxhumana nemvelo yakho futhi ukwazi kwakho kuphenduka isimo sokuzihlola.
• Ukuqwashiswa kwemantra. Lapho uzijwayeza okuningi, ungalahlekelwa ukwazi ngo "Mina" njengoba ujoyina ngokuphelele imantra. Kuyisimo lapho uzikhohlwa khona ukuze uzinikele emzimbeni nasemphefumulweni ekuzindleni.
Ungayisho kanjani imantra?
Uma ufuna ukusho i-mantra yomuntu siqu, ungayenza ngezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene:
1. IBaikhari (ezwakalayo). Kubandakanya ukusho imantra ngokuzwakalayo, umkhuba onconyelwe labo abathatha izinyathelo zabo zokuqala ekuzindleni njengoba kusiza ukugxila.
2. Upanshu (kuhleba). Kulokhu akudingekile ukuphakamisa izwi, imantra ifundwa ngezwi eliphansi, ngakho-ke kuyindlela efanelekile kulabo asebevele benomkhuba othile ngokuzindla ngemantra.
3. Manasik (ngokwengqondo). Ukuze ufunde imantra akudingekile ukuthi ukhulume noma uhlebele, ungayiphinda nangengqondo. Kuwumkhuba onzima kakhulu, ngoba udinga ukugxila okukhulu ukuze imicabango nezinkathazo kungaphazamisi ukukhala kwemantra, kepha kuvame ukuholela ezindaweni eziphakeme zokwazi.
Imithombo
UGao, J. et. I-Al. (2019) Izixhumanisi ze-neurophysiological zokuhaya ngokwenkolo. Nature; 9:4262.
Innes, KE et. I-Al. (2018) Imiphumela Yokuzindla Nokulalela Umculo Kumagciwane Okuguga Kwamaselula kanye Nezifo Ze-Alzheimer Kubantu Abadala Ngokuncipha Kokuqonda Okucatshangwayo: Isivivinyo Sasemtholampilo Esihlolisisayo Esingahleliwe. J Alzheimers Dis; 66 (3): 947-970.
ULynch, J. et. Al. (2018) Ukuzindla kweMantra ngempilo yengqondo kubantu abaningi: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. Ijenali yaseYurophu Yokwelapha Okuhlanganayo; 23:101-108.
UChamoli, D. et. Al. (2017) Umphumela Wokukhala kweMantra Ku-IQ Yokusebenza Yezingane. Ku: Ucwaningo.
UDudeja, J. (2017) Ukuhlaziywa Kwesayensi Kokuzindla Okususelwa kuMantra kanye Nemiphumela Yayo Ezuzisayo: Ukubuka konke. Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yezobuchwepheshe Ophambili Besayensi Kwezobunjiniyela Nesayensi Yezokuphatha; 3 (6): 21.
USimon, R. et. I-Al. (2017) Ukucindezelwa Kokuzindla kweMantra kweModi Yokuzenzakalelayo Ngaphandle Komsebenzi Osebenzayo: Isifundo Sezindiza.Ijenali yokuKhulisa ukuqondisisa; 1: 219-227.
UBerkovich, A. et. I-Al. (2015) Inkulumo ephindaphindwayo ivusa ukwenziwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngokuphelele ku-cortex yomuntu: umphumela we- "Mantra"? Ubuchopho nokuziphatha; 5 (7): e00346.
Umnyango Yini imantra yomuntu siqu? Sebenzisa izinzuzo zayo ngokukhetha eyakho yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
