Ngokushesha noma nini ukunganaki nakho kuzongqongqoza emnyango wethu. Ibeka njengomuzwa wokungabaza odlulela endizeni engokwenyama nengqondo. Asizizwa senza noma yini futhi sizizwa singenalutho. Kwesinye isikhathi lo muzwa uza phezu kwethu ngokuzumayo bese unyamalala njengoba weza. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lokuthi kunokuthile okubucayi okwenzekayo okudinga ukunakwa kwethu.
Ukunganaki, incazelo edlula ukungabi nentshisekelo
Ukuqonda incazelo yokunganaki kufanele sibuyele emvelweni wayo we-etymological. Leli gama livela esiGrekini ἀπάθεια (i-apatheia), okususelwa ku- "Phatos", futhi kusho imizwa, imizwa noma isifiso. Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokunganaki ngokuyisisekelo usho ukungabikho kothando nemizwa. Eqinisweni, lapho sizizwa singanaki sihlangabezana nesimo sokushoda okusebenzayo. Asicindezelekile, simane nje asinayo intshisekelo futhi siyashayela imizwa nemizwa.
Kepha ukunganaki akukhona nje ukungabi bikho kwemizwa nentshiseko, kuyisimo esivamile sokungabi nandaba lapho singaphenduli khona ezicini zempilo yethu engokomzwelo, yezenhlalo, noma yempilo. Sifaka uhlobo olugwadule ngokomzwelo lapho amandla nesifiso kusishiya khona.
Ukunganaki akugcini ngokususa imizwa yethu, kuphinde kudale ukungabi nogqozi kanye nesimo sengqondo sokungabi nandaba nokuba nenhliziyo elula. Izinjongo ezijwayele ukuvuselela indlela yethu yokuziphatha zilahlekelwa yincazelo yazo futhi sihlala sithambile futhi singenamandla, sicishe sikhubazekile futhi singakwazi noma singafuni ukwenza okuthile.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokunganaki
• Ezingeni lomzimba sizizwa sisinda, kufana nokuthi sinyathela ngumoya ohlukile, ukuze unyawo ngalunye lubize amandla amakhulu. Sizizwa sikhathele ngokuphelele futhi ukuphumula akwanele ukuthola amandla kabusha.
• Ezingeni lokuqonda, asitholi lutho olukhuthazayo noma olujabulisayo. Kithina yonke into iyafana. Akunasikhuthazo esihlakaniphile esisithokozisayo. Akukho mqondo osikholisayo. Asizizwa sinesidingo sokuhlola noma sokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Ezingeni lomzwelo sizizwa singenalutho ngokuphelele. Akukho lutho olunamandla okusenza sijabule ngokwanele ukwenza kusebenze, kepha akukho lutho okusenza sibe nolaka kakhulu noma singakhululeki. Siphila esimweni sokuthamba nokuthopha okuthinta inhliziyo.
• Ezingeni eliqinile asiwatholi amandla nogqozi oludingekayo lokuqhubekela phambili. Kunjengokungathi siphelelwe ibhethri. Noma nini lapho sizama ukwenza okuthile, kubonakala ngathi kudinga umzamo ongaphezu kowomuntu.
Kungena nini ukunganaki?
Ukunganaki akusona neze uphawu lwenkinga. Ngempela, izazi zefilosofi ezingamaStoyikuukukhathazeka bekuyisimo somqondo lapho sizikhulula khona ekuphazamisekeni ngokomzwelo. Kubandakanya ukuqedwa kokuphendula okungokomzwelo ezenzakalweni ezingaphandle kwamandla ethu. Ukusuka kulowo mbono, ukunganaki kuba nencazelo enhle, kusondela eduze kombuso ofana kakhulu ne-ukulingana.
Kepha ukunganaki kuwuphawu lwenkinga lapho kuba yisithiyo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke futhi kusivimbela ekuzizweleni ubumnandi. Eqinisweni, ukungabi nalutho isikhathi eside kungaba uphawu lokudangala noma i-dissociative identity disorder.
Izimbangela zokunganakwa okusabalele
Ukunganaki kungaba nezimbangela zomzimba noma ezingokwengqondo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhipha ukuthi akusona uphawu lwesifo. Eqinisweni, izinkinga ze-thyroid nokungalingani kwamahomoni, ukudla okungafanele, i-anemia noma eminye imishanguzo kungaholela esimweni esedlulele sokuphelelwa amandla nokukhathala okufana nokunganaki.
Ngemuva kokunquma imbangela yomzimba, inkinga kungenzeka ibe ngeyengqondo. Ukunganaki kuvame ukuba luhlobo lwebhuleki lesandla elibonisa ukuthi kufanele sehlise ijubane empilweni engasebenzi ngokweqile efuna okungaphezu kwamandla ethu. Kulokhu, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukungabi nandaba ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa njengoba inhloso yawo ukusiphoqa ukuba siphumule futhi sinqamule emhlabeni.
Kwezinye izimo izimbangela zokunganaki zijule kakhulu futhi zisitshele okuthile ngokuthi siphila kanjani. Lapho sicwiliswa empilweni esingayithandi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi sikhethe umsebenzi ongafanele, sizungezwe abantu abanobuthi noma sicwiliswe endaweni engathuthukile. Ukuntuleka kwencazelo, usuku nosuku, kugcina kuzenza kuzwakale, kuqeda izinsizakusebenza zethu ezingokwengqondo futhi kususe ubungqabavu bethu.
Ukunganaki nakho kungadalwa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ne- umshayeli othomathikhi kufakiwe. Lapho zonke izinsuku zifana futhi kungekho lutho olunganikeza ukukhanya okuncane ebukhoneni bethu, amandla ethu empilo angaphela kancane kancane. UMario Benedetti ukuchaze kangcono: "Nginomuzwa omubi wokuthi isikhathi siyahamba futhi angenzi lutho, akwenzeki lutho futhi akukho okungihambisa empandeni".
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunganaki kungaba umphumela wokuphoxeka okujulile. Ekugcineni, lapho singenandaba, siphelelwa yithemba lokukwazi ukuthola injabulo noma ukwaneliseka komuntu siqu. Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi siyekile ukukholelwa emigomweni esizibekele yona noma ngoba sesilahlekelwe yithemba emandleni ethu okuyifinyelela. Kulezi zimo, ukunganaki kuveza njengohlobo lokuzinikela kwangaphakathi.
Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe yini imbangela yokunganaki, kusithumela umyalezo: sinenkinga okudingeka siyilungise. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukunganaki kwehlisa amandla ethu. Lokhu ikwenza ukuze singahambi masinyane kangangokuba ijubane lethu liyasidida. Ngokusiphoqa ukuthi siphefumule, kusikhuthaza ukuthi sibonise futhi sixazulule okwenzekayo kithina.
Ungakunqoba kanjani ukunganakwa okwenziwa jikelele?
Ukuze kunqotshwe ukunganakwa okwandile kufanele sithuthe. Akudingeki senze izinto ezinkulu, vele uqalise. Thatha isinyathelo sokuqala. Yize incane, kepha ikufanele. Mhlawumbe sidinga ukwenza - noma ukuhlehlisa - okuthile okwenza umehluko kulokho kulandelana kwezinsuku okuhlala kufana. Mhlawumbe sidinga ukucindezela abacindezelwe noma siveze abacindezelweyo ukuze kube nokuthile okuzosenza sikwazi ukusebenza futhi singaphinde siqale phansi.
Yithi kuphela esaziyo ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa kokunganaki okusisebenzelayo. Sidinga ukuzibuka esibukweni bese sizibuza: "Ukube benginesifiso noma amandla, bengizokwenzenjani?" Kungenzeka singatholi ngokushesha, kepha lapho siyazi impendulo, kufanele sikwenze nje.
Lapho siqhubeka senza okuthile okunengqondo noma okusenza sizizwe sihle, isamba saleyo mizamo emincane sigudluza umcibisholo usuka ekunganakwa uye entshisakalweni. Ukungabi nandaba kuthatha indawo yelukuluku nentando yokuphila. Uma "injini" isiqalile, konke sekulula.
Imithombo
AmaCathomas, F. et. Al. (2015) Ucwaningo lokuhumusha lokunganaki - indlela yezemvelo. Ngaphambili. Behav. I-Neurosci; 9:241.
Ishizaki, J. & Mimura, M. (2011) Dysthymia kanye nokunganaki: Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa. Cindezela i-Res Treat; I-893905.
UGoldberg, YK et. I-Al. (2011) Isizungu: Isipiliyoni Somzwelo Esihlukile Kokunganaki, i-Anhedonia, noma Ukudangala. I-Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology; 30 (6): 647-666.
Umnyango Kuyini ukunganaki? Izimpawu nezimbangela zayo yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
