Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi ubuntwana buyisigaba esingavamile, esingenazo izinkathazo nezinkinga. Eqinisweni, ngokocwaningo olwenziwa eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, abazali abaningi bathambekele ekukubukeni phansi ukukhathazeka nemizwelo engafanele yezingane zabo.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ubuntwana buyisigaba esimangalisayo ekuphileni, kodwa kungase kube nzima kakhulu. Izingane zifunda ukwenza indlela yazo emhlabeni jikelele, zibhekana nezinselele eziningi futhi zishintsha cishe nsuku zonke.
Ngakho-ke akufanele kusimangaze ukuthi u-13% wentsha ephakathi kuka-10 no-19 unenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngokombiko we-Unicef. Lesi sibalo sikhuphukela ku-20,8% eSpain, okuyizwe lase-Europe elinabantu abaningi kakhulu abanesifo sengqondo sezingane.
Ngeshwa, u-20% kuphela walezi zingane kanye nentsha ethola ukwelashwa okwanele, ngokusho kwe-American Psychological Association, esixwayisa ngokuthi sibhekene nenkinga yengqondo yezingane.
Ngeshwa, abazali abaningi balinda isikhathi eside ukuze bafune usizo lwezengqondo. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ingane iphuke ingalo noma umlenze futhi idinga usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo kulula, kodwa izimpawu ezingokwengqondo azivamile, ngakho-ke abazali bangase badideke "ngezinto zobudala" noma bacabange ukuthi "Izodlula". Kodwa-ke, lapho kufika usizo lwezengqondo kamuva, inkinga igxila kakhulu futhi iba mkhulu nemiphumela yayo.
Nini ukuthatha ingane ku-psychologist?
1. Ukuhlehla ezigabeni zangaphambili zentuthuko
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuziphatha okubuyisela emuva kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala esiyisixwayiso sokuthi ingane idinga usizo lwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Lapho abancane becindezelekile kakhulu, babuyela ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwabo ukuze bazizwe beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe, bese belahlekelwa amakhono abawatholile. Kuvamile ukuthi bamanzise umbhede futhi, bakhulule ukukhathazeka ngokwehlukana, ukubuya kwamaphupho amabi, noma babe nokuqhuma kaningi nokushubile. Lokhu kuhlehla esigabeni sangaphambili sentuthuko kuyindlela yokucela usizo.
2. Izinguquko emikhubeni yezingane
Zonke izingane ziyakhula futhi ziba nezikhathi zokudla ngaphezu kokujwayelekile noma zilahlekelwe isifiso sokudla. Kodwa uma ubona izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni yakho yokudla noma yokulala ehlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kubalulekile ukuzama ukuqonda imbangela. Ubunzima bokulala, ukuvuka njalo ebusuku, namaphupho amabi kungase kubonise izinkinga ezijulile ezingokwengqondo ezibonakala ngalezi zinguquko endleleni yabo yokulala nokudla.
3. Ukuvela kokwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile
Isikhathi sobuntwana akusona isikhathi sokukhathazeka. Kuvamile ukuthi izingane ziqale ukukhathazeka ngezwe elizizungezile, ikakhulukazi njengoba zikhula. Ezinsukwini zamanje, kuvamile ukuthi imicabango yabo ibheke kubhubhane noma impi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ikhombise ukwesaba nokungavikeleki okuthile. Kodwa uma lokhu kukhathazeka nokwesaba kudlulele, kuze kube nomthelela ekulinganiseni kwabo ngokomzwelo noma ukunciphisa imisebenzi yabo evamile, kuyadingeka ukuthi umntwana ayiswe kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze avimbele izinkinga ezingathi sína ekukhuleni, njengokuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka noma i-phobia. .
4. Ukuzihlukanisa nabantu
Ezinye izingane kanye nentsha bavame ukungakhululeki futhi bakhululeke kunabanye, ngakho bathanda ukuba bodwa. Uma uqaphela ukuthi ingane yakho ichitha isikhathi esiningi iyodwa, iziqhelelanisa nabangane bayo futhi yenqaba ukusondela kontanga, kungenzeka ukuthi ibhekene nesimo sokungqubuzana, ihlushwa ukucindezeleka noma ixhashazwa. Endabeni yokucindezeleka, lokhu kuzihlukanisa ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokungabi nasithakazelo okuphawulekayo emisebenzini ababeyijabulela ngaphambili, njengengane eyayijabulela ukuphuma nokudlala, engasafuni.
5. Ukwanda kokucasuka noma ulaka
Ezinganeni nasentsheni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kungazibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezinjengokuyaluza, ukucasuka, nokuphendula ngokungananazi. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo ezingaphambili zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekuzithibeni azikakathuthuki ngokugcwele, ngakho izingane zikuthola kunzima ukucindezela amathonya azo. Ukwengeza, izingane kanye nentsha nabo babhekana nokukhungatheka okukhulu lapho bebhekene nezithiyo, ezingazibonakalisa ngokuziphatha okulimazayo. Kwezinye izimo nabo bangazilimaza bona, inkinga eyanda njalo kulesi sigaba sempilo abaphendukela ekunciphiseni ukungezwani okungokomzwelo ababhekana nakho.
6. Izinkinga zesikole
Uma ingane noma osemusha eqala ukuba nezinkinga esikoleni, imbangela kufanele itholakale. Ukuphazamiseka okufana ne-ADHD, i-dyslexia, i-dysgraphia noma ubunzima bokufunda kutholwa lapho nje izingane ziqala ukuya esikoleni. Futhi, uma izingane zinobunzima, kungenzeka zibe nobunzima bokuhambisana nekilasi, ngakho ukusebenza kwazo ezifundweni kuzophazamiseka. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zinkinga zingazibonakalisa ngokuziphatha okunolaka kothisha noma ofunda nabo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale wazi ngokuziphatha kwezingane zakho nokusebenza kwazo ezifundweni.
7. Izinguquko ze-Somatic
Izikhathi eziningi izingane aziwatholi amagama afanele okuveza lokho ezikuzwayo noma ezikukhathazayo, ngakho-ke zigcina sezixakeke ngokwengqondo. Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile, i-alopecia areata, izinkinga zesisu noma zesikhumba, kanye ne-tic yemizwa ngezinye zezindlela ubunzima obungokomzwelo obuzibonakalisa ngayo.
Uma ungabaza, kuhlale kungcono kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bagweme imicabango eyinhlekelele futhi bangakholwa ukuthi uma beyisa ingane kudokotela wezengqondo, abanye bazomfaka igama elibi elimcwasayo.
Ukufuna usizo oluyisipesheli akusho ukuthi ingane noma osemusha udinga ukwelashelwa impilo yengqondo yesikhathi eside. Amacala amaningi angaxazululwa ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zokwelulekwa kanye/noma nokungenelela komndeni. Inkinga yangempela ukungafuni usizo njengoba isimo singaba sibi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale wazi ngokukhathazeka kwezingane zakho. Basekele, bonisa uzwela, futhi ubazise ukuthi bangathembela kuwe lapho benenkinga. Futhi uma izingane zidinga isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, khumbula lokho “Ukwelashwa akusikhona okwabantu abahlanyayo. Yenzelwe labo abafuna ukulawula imizwa yabo ", njengoba kusho ongoti balo mkhakha.
Imithombo
(2022) Estado Mundial de la Infancia 2021. Ku: UNICEF.
I-Lagattuta, KH; Sayfan, L. & Bamford, C (2012) Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ngizizwa kanjani? Abazali babukela phansi ukukhathazeka kanye nethemba ngokweqile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzibika kwengane. Ijenali ye-Experimental Child Psychology; 113 (2): 211-232 .
DeAngelis, T. (2004) Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo yezingane zibonwa 'njengobhubhane'. I-APA; 35 (11): 38.
Umnyango Izimpawu eziyisi-7 eziyisixwayiso zokuthi udinga ukuyisa ingane kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo Ikhona lePsychology.
