Ibhola nebhola zixabisa i-X 1,10 iyonke. Ukuba ukubetha kubiza i-euro engaphezulu kwebhola, ibhola ixabisa malini?
Lo ibingomnye wemibuzo ebuzwe ngoochwephesha bezengqondo kwiziko leSizwe loPhando lwezeNzululwazi eFrance. Ngaphandle kokucinga kakhulu ngayo, i-248% ithe ilulwane ixabisa i-euro enye kunye nebhola yaziisenti ezili-79.
Impendulo ibingalunganga. Ngokwenyani, ibhola ixabisa iisenti ezi-5 kunye neklabhu ye-1,05 euro. Uninzi lwabantu alulunganga kuba ngamaxhoba obuvila bokuqonda.
Buyintoni ubuvila bokuqonda?
Ukucinga kunzima. Ingqondo yethu luhlobo lomatshini wokuqonda ipateni. Yiyo loo nto sonwabile xa izinto zilungelelanisa neepateni zengqondo esele sinazo, kwaye xa zingenjalo, sizama ngandlela zonke ukuzivumelanisa neendlela zethu zokucinga esele zimiselwe.
Asifane sithathe ixesha okanye sabele amandla eyoneleyo okwakha iipateni ezintsha ezinokuchaza iziganeko kunye nezinto ezingahambelaniyo nembono yethu.
Sihlala sityeshela ingcinga kwaye sisebenzise "ivila" heuristic. I-Heuristics zizicwangciso esizisebenzisayo ukukhawulezisa ukuqhubekeka kolwazi kunye nokufumana impendulo eyoneleyo. Ziindlela zengqondo zokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwizisombululo okanye kwiingcaciso.
Ngokucacileyo, i-heuristics isisindisa isixa esikhulu samandla engqondo. Kodwa ukuba sibathemba kakhulu, ngaphandle kokutshintsha, sinokuwela kwimeko yokuma kwengqondo, eyaziwa ngokuba "bubuvila bokuqonda". Obu vila bokuqonda buba nzima ngakumbi xa sijamelene neemeko ezinzima ezingenampendulo ilula.
Ukonqena kwengqondo, ingcwaba lobuchule
Ngaba wakha wazibona iivili zikaloliwe zisondela? Banamawele. Oko kukuthi, banomlomo obathintelayo ukuba bangahambi kwiiporo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni amavili oololiwe ayengenalo uyilo, loo milinganiselo yokhuseleko isetyenziswa kuloliwe, ngokokutsho kwengcali. UMichael Michalko.
Ekuqaleni ingxaki yayikule miqathango ilandelayo: zingenziwa njani iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zoololiwe? Ngenxa yoko, amakhulu amawaka eekhilomitha zomkhondo zakhiwa ngentsimbi engeyomfuneko, kunye nenkcitho eyalandelayo ebandakanyekayo. L 'ingqiqo yeza xa iinjineli zayichaza ngokutsha le ngxaki: Ungazenza njani iivili ezenza ukuba imikhondo ikhuseleke?
Inyani yile, xa sele sibona izinto ngakwelinye icala, siyawuvala umnyango wezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka kwaye sigxile ekuphuhliseni umgca omnye wengcinga. Makhe sihlolisise kwicala elinye kuphela. Kungenxa yoko le nto sicinga kuphela ngeentlobo ezithile zezimvo kwaye ezinye zingade zithi qatha ezingqondweni zethu. Ukufikelela kwamanye amathuba okudala kufuneka sandise umbono wethu.
Ewe, enye yeendlela ezithathwa bubuvila bokuqonda kukwamkela ukubonakala kweengxaki, ungquzulwano okanye inkxalabo. Nje ukuba simisele indawo yokuqala, asikhangeli ezinye iindlela zokuqonda inyani.
Kodwa njengoko kusenzeka kuthi umbono wokuqala yomntu, umbono wokuqala kwiingxaki kunye neemeko uthambekele ekubeni ube mncinci kwaye ungaphezulu. Asiboni ngaphaya koko silindele ukukubona ngokusekwe kumava ethu nakwindlela yethu yokucinga. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubuvila bokuqonda busenza ukuba siphephe izisombululo ezinokubakho kwaye sivale umnyango wokuyila.
Abo bangacingi kulula ukukhohlisa
Ukonqena kwengqondo akuhambi ngokuchaseneyo nobuchule bokwenza izinto, kunokusenza ukuba sicebise ngakumbi kwaye sisebenzise. Utyekelo lokulandela iipateni ezikhoyo zengqondo lusikhokelela ekubeni samkele iinkolelo ezithile okanye ulwazi ngaphandle kokubabuza.
Kwi-2019, iqela labaphandi abavela kwi- Yunivesithi yaseYale ubuze abantu abangama-3.446 ukuba bavavanye ukuchaneka kothotho lwezihloko zeendaba ezithunyelwe kuFacebook. Iziphumo zazimangalisa.
Bafumanise ukuba ngokwenyani asikho kakhulu amathuba okuba sikholwe ziindaba ezingezizo xa zingqinelana nembono yethu yehlabathi, kodwa endaweni yoko kukuba kukonqena ukuqonda. Ukuzikhohlisa okanye ukuqiqa okuqiqayo ziyinxalenye yenkcazo yenkqubela phambili ye- iindaba ezibuxoki, enye kukuba siziphatha njengaye iintlungu zokuqonda.
Aba baphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abaneengcinga zokuhlalutya ngakumbi banamandla okwahlula inyani kubuxoki, nokuba umxholo weendaba ezingezizo uhambelana nembono yabo kunye nembono yehlabathi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba, endaweni yokuvavanya ngokunzulu ulwazi esiludlayo, sibhenela kolunye uluvo, njengokuthembeka komthombo, inqanaba lombhali okanye ukuqhelana nolwazi oluthile, olusithintelayo ekumiseleni inqanaba lokuchaneka kunye nokwenza sityekele ngakumbi ekukholelweni kubuxoki okanye kwiingcinga ezizezinye.
Ukucinga okubuyela umva njengesixhobo sokunqanda ukuqonda
Sonke sinesakhono esilinganiselweyo sokuqhubekeka ulwazi, kungoko sithatha iindlela ezimfutshane zengqondo nanini na sinako. Akukho ntloni koku. Iimpawu zengqondo ngumzekelo weendlela ezimfutshane zengqondo. Kukulula kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezisinceda ukuba sijongane nazo nemodeli elula apho sifaka khona ubutyebi babantu nehlabathi. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukwazi ukuba sonke sinengxaki yobuvila bokuqonda kusinceda ukuba silwe nabo.
Ukwenza oku kufuneka siqale kwinto yokuba ayizizo zonke izinto ezihlala zingena kwizikim zethu zengqondo. Ngapha koko, kulungile ukuba izinto azidibani kuba ukungangqinelani kuko okusivumela ukuba sivule iingqondo zethu kwaye sandise umbono wethu wehlabathi.
Xa sijamelene nenyani, into okanye umbono ophambukayo kwindlela yethu yokucinga, sinezinto ezimbini esinokukhetha kuzo: ukuzama ukuyilungisa nangayiphi na indlela okanye ukwamkela ukuba izikimu zethu zengqondo azonelanga ukuchaza okwenzekayo okanye ukufuna isisombululo.
Ukucinga okuguqukayo, okuqondwa njengokukwazi ukucinga malunga nezinto kumacala ahlukeneyo, yeyona nto ilungileyo yokuthintela ubuvila bokuqonda. Ukuyisebenzisa kufuneka sikhulise amandla okubona izinto ngokwendlela yethu yesiqhelo, kodwa nakwenye echaseneyo. Ngale ndlela siyakwazi ukubandakanya izichasi kunye nokukhetha okuphakathi. Ukuziqhelanisa, umntu makacinge ngento enokwenzeka, kodwa ngokuchasene nayo.
Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukuwela kubuvila bokuqonda, umqondiso omncinci wanele ukuba usixelele ukuba silungile okanye siqinisekisile ukucinga kwethu. Kulula ukukholelwa kunokucinga. Ukucinga okuguqukayo kuyasikhuthaza ukuba sinikele ingqalelo kwelinye icala kwaye siqwalasele imikhondo ebonisa ukuba asilunganga, imiqondiso yokuba kusenokubakho izikhewu kulwazi lwethu kunye nakwizikim zethu zengqondo.
Ke kufuneka sibeke bucala izigwebo, sichaze iinyani, sizamkele kwaye senze utshintsho olufunekayo ukwandisa ukuqonda kwethu kunye neendlela zokucinga. Oku kuyakusinceda siphuhlise umbono otyebileyo kwihlabathi kwaye sigcine ingqondo evulekileyo.
Umda:
UPennycook, G. Rand, DG (2019) Uyonqena, akakhethi: Ukuchaphazeleka kwiindaba ezingezizo ezobuxoki kuchazwa ngcono kukusilela kokuqiqa kunokuqiqa okukhuthazayo. Cognition; 188: 39-50 .
UDe Neys, W. et. Al. (2013) Iibhotshi, iibhola, kunye nemvakalelo yokufaka endaweni: abagwenxa abaziqondakaliyo abazizo izidenge. I-Psychon Bull Rev; 20 (2): 269-73.
Umnyango Ukonqena kwengqondo, abo bangacingi kulula ukubakhohlisa yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
