Ngo-1972, i Federal Trade Commission waseUnited States wapasisa umthetho ofuna ukuba nakuphi na ukuthengiswa kwendlu ngendlu kukhatshwe yingxelo ebhaliweyo eyazisa umthengi ngelungelo lokurhoxa kwintengiso zingaphelanga iintsuku ezintathu zokuthengisa. Lo mthetho wapasiswa ngenxa yezikhalazo zabathengi malunga neendlela zokuthengisa ezinoburharha kunye neekhontrakthi ezincinci.
Ooqoqosho babiza eli "lixesha lokupholisa" kwaye iya kuba sengqiqweni ukulisebenzisa kwizigqibo ezisisiseko ezinokutshintsha ubomi bethu, nakwabo banempembelelo ezinokuthi zingalindelwa kuba asikwazi ukulawula zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo.
Lithini kanye kanye ixesha elipholileyo?
Ixesha lokuphola kufana nokuthatha umzuzu ozolileyo wokucinga ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo. Kukuphumla esikuthathayo ngaphambi kokuthetha into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni, ixesha esilicingayo ngaphambi kokukhetha.
Ixesha elipholileyo likwangokungathathi sigqibo ngaphambi kokulala kuso. Ngaba uyazi ukuba i-75-95% yamaphupha aneemeko ezingokweemvakalelo?
Izazinzulu ngeeurosos ziye zabona ukuba njengoko ingqondo ihamba ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuthongo, iba notshintsho olukhulu kwi-neurochemistry nokusebenza kwayo. Iindawo ezinxulumene neemvakalelo, ezinje nge-amygdala, i-hippocampus kunye ne-cortex ye-anterior, isebenza ngakumbi.
Ngexesha lokulala, iinkumbulo zeemvakalelo zidityanisiwe, kodwa iimpendulo zoloyiko ziyacinywa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukulala ubusuku obuhle kunokunciphisa ifuthe leemvakalelo zeemeko ngokusinceda sibone izinto ngokucacileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuvumela ukuba kudlule ubusuku obubodwa ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo esibalulekileyo kukwasebenza njengexesha elipholileyo.
Iimeko ezi-2 apho kufuneka sisebenzise elo xesha lokucamngca
Ngelixa kufuneka sihlale sicinga ngaphambi kokuba senze, ukusebenzisa ixesha lokupholisa kubaluleke kakhulu kumacala amabini, ngokweengcali zezoqoqosho uCR Sunstein noRH Thaler:
1. Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezingafakwanga rhoqo. Xa kufikwa kwizigqibo esingasoloko sisenza, ezinje ngokukhetha isixeko esiza kuhamba kuso, imoto elandelayo esiyokuyithenga okanye eyunivesithi, kufuneka sime kwaye sicinge. Kolu hlobo lwesigqibo asinamava amaninzi kwaye zininzi izinto ezidlalayo, ke kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise ixesha lokupholisa esivumela ukuba sikhe sibone zonke iinketho kwaye silinganise iziphumo.
2. Iimeko ezimandundu kakhulu. Xa sizifumana sikwimeko ezintsonkothileyo ezibangela ukuphendula ngokweemvakalelo, njengokuqonda gwenxa okanye a ingxaki yesibini, sikufumana kunzima ukucinga ngokusengqiqweni kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba senze izigqibo ngokungxama esiza kuzisola ngazo kamva. Kwezi meko, ixesha elipholileyo liyakusivumela ukuba siphinde sizole kwaye siphinde silawule iimvakalelo ukuze sithathe esona sigqibo sinokubakho.
Lixesha elide kangakanani elixesha lokuphola?
Ixesha elipholileyo linokuhlala imizuzu embalwa okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa. Wonke umntu nazo zonke iimeko zahlukile, ke ngoku kufanelekile ukuba esi sigaba sokubonisa sihlale ixesha elide njengoko kufanelekile.
Ukuba sisigqibo esibalulekileyo, unokumisa ikhefu kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki. Oku kuyakukunika ixesha lokuqokelela lonke ulwazi oludingayo de uzive uzithemba ekuthatheni isigqibo. Ukuba uhamba kwimeko yokungqubana ekhuphe iimvakalelo zakho, ixesha elipholileyo kufuneka lihlale ixesha elide njengoko kuthatha ukubuyisela kulawulo lweemvakalelo zakho.
Kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuba eli xesha lokucinga alinakuba sisizathu sokuzibekela amangomso okanye ukuphepha ukwenziwa kwezigqibo. Ayiloxesha lokulibala ingxaki okanye ungquzulwano, kodwa kukujonga oonobangela, ezinye iindlela kunye neziphumo.
Thatha ixesha ukubonisa, hlisa uvakalelo lwakho kwaye uthathe okuyimfuneko umgama ngokwengqondo iyakusinceda ukuba sivavanye ngcono ezinye iindlela zethu kwaye siqikelele iziphumo zezigqibo zethu. Oku akuthethi ukuba asizukuphazama, kodwa ubuncinci siya kuzenza izigqibo zethu ngolwazi lwezibakala kwaye sinolwazi ngakumbi ngazo zonke izinto ezichaphazelekayo.
Ixesha lokuphola asisiqinisekiso sokuphumelela ekuthathweni kwezigqibo, kodwa endaweni yoko luhlobo lokhuselo kukungxamiseki kunye nokungenangqondo. Ithintela nje imbewu yokuguquka ekukhuleni kwixa elizayo.
Umda:
ISunstein, iCR kunye neThaler, iRH (2008) Pequeño empujón. IMadrid: iTaurus.
UVan der Helm, uE & Walker, MP (2009) Unyango lwasebusuku? Indima yokulala kuLungiso lweBongo oluShukumayo. Psychol Bull; 135 (5): 731-748.
Levin, R. & Nielsen, T. (2009) Amaphupha amabi, amaphupha amabi, kunye nokudakumba ngokweemvakalelo: Uphengululo kunye nemodeli entsha yengqondo yokuphupha. Izikhokelo zangoku kwiSayensi zeNzululwazi; 18 (2): 84-88.
Umnyango Ukupholisa ixesha, isixhobo esifihlakeleyo sokungazisoli ngezigqibo zakho yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
