Kangangexesha elide ngoku, abantu abaninzi bebefuna ukuvakalisa uluvo lwabo. Bavakalelwa kukuba kufuneka bacele uxolo kwangaphambili ngokuthetha okuthile okunentsingiselo. Boyika ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle ukuze bangabambeleli kwibali eliqhelekileyo. Ngamana amazwi abo angaqondwa phosakeleyo kwaye ahlale ephawulwe ubomi bonke. Ukufakwa kuluhlu olumnyama ziintshaba zalo naliphi na iqela elincinci elikholelwa ukuba umhlaba kufuneka ujikeleze kubo.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuzijonga kukhula njengomlilo wasendle.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzivavanya kunye ne kwezopolitiko ezichanekileyo ngokugqithisileyo ihlala ithatha imo "yocinezelo lobulungisa". Ubulungisa obucinezelayo buyenzeka xa sibona ukuba asinako ukwabelana ngembono yethu kuba icela umngeni kwimigaqo ekhoyo ngoku. Ngoko ke sigqibela ngokulinganisa igama ngalinye kwimilimitha ngaphambi kokuba silibize, silivavanya ngokusuka kuzo zonke ii-engile ezinokwenzeka, siguqula unxibelelwano lube ngumdlalo wokujija kungqameko lwencakuba, sibuhlutha nabuphi na ubunyaniso.
Yintoni ukuzijonga ngokwengqondo?
Bayanda abantu "inkqubo" ngokwasengqondweni into abaza kuyithetha kuba besoyika ukukhubekisa umntu - nokuba kuya kuhlala kukho umntu oza kugqiba ukukhubeka - bazama ukufumana ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthetha into kwaye bakhathazeke kakhulu. malunga nendlela abanye abaya kuwatolika ngayo amazwi abo. Baziva benexhala lokuvakalisa uluvo lwabo yaye bavakalelwa kukuba kufuneka bacele uxolo ngalo kwangaphambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathatha okona kubi kakhulu kwaye baxhalabele ngayo nantoni na enokuthi ihambe kakubi. Aba bantu baphela bevaleleke kumatshini wokuzihlola.
Ukuzijonga sisixhobo esithi silumke kakhulu ngento esiyithethayo okanye esiyenzayo ukunqanda ingqwalasela engalunganga. Lilizwi entlokweni yakho elikuxelela ukuba "awunakukwazi" okanye "awunakukwazi". Awukwazi ukuvakalisa uluvo lwakho, akufuneki ubonise oko uvakalelwa, awukwazi ukuphikisa, akufuneki uhambe ngokuchasene nengqolowa. Ngamafutshane, lilizwi elikuxelela ukuba awunakuba yile nto uyiyo.
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, ukuzibaca kuyanda kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimbono zoluntu zingcathu okanye zigabadele kangakanani na. Abaphandi abasuka kwiidyunivesithi zaseWashington naseColumbia bafumanise ukuba ukuzivavanya kuphindaphindeke kathathu ukusukela ngoo-50 eUnited States namhlanje. Le nto ixhaphake kangangokuba ngo-2019 abantu abane kwabalishumi baseMelika bavuma ukuba bazihlole, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo phakathi kwabo banemfundo ephakamileyo.
Ezi nzululwazi zezopolitiko zikholelwa ukuba ukuzijonga kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yoloyiko lokuvakalisa uluvo olungathandwayo oluphela lusehlukanisa nosapho, izihlobo kunye nabantu esibaziyo. Ke ngoko, inokuba liqhinga nje lokusinda kwinkcubeko eyityhefu ecandekileyo, apho amaqela ahlukeneyo azifumanisa esahlulelene ngokungenathemba kuluhlu oluhlala lubanzi lwemiba.
Kwimeko engqongqo enjalo apho kubonwa ukuchasana kuphela kwaye akukho ndawo yamanqaku aphakathi anentsingiselo, into engalunganga ithetha ukuqhuba umngcipheko wokuba abanye bayakuchonga njengenxalenye yeqela "lotshaba" kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukusuka kugonyo ukuya emfazweni. , ithiyori yesini okanye iitumato eziphaphazelayo. Ukunqanda ungquzulwano, ukubekwa ibala okanye ukukhethelwa bucala, abantu abaninzi basuka bakhethe ukuzivavanya.
Iintente ezinde neziyingozi zokuzijonga
Ngowama-2009, phantse inkulungwane emva kokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo eTurkey, eyayisakuba yinxalenye yoBukhosi base-Ottoman, umbhali-mbali uNazan Maksudyan wahlalutya ukuba ingakanani ingxelo yezo ziganeko enokufikelela kubafundi baseTurkey namhlanje kwaye ingene kwingxoxo-mpikiswano eqhubekayo yelizwe.
Emva kokuhlalutya iinguqulelo zesiTurkey zeencwadi zembali, wafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwababhali, abaguquleli kunye nabahleli bale mihla batshintsha kwaye bagqwetha idatha ethile, bethintela inkululeko yokufikelela kulwazi. Into ebangela umdla kukuba uninzi lwazo lwazivavanya, xa lwalujamelene nokubulawa kwabantu base-Armenia ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala, ukuze luphephe ukubekw’ ityala esidlangalaleni okanye ukuze lufumane imvume yecandelo eliphambili eluntwini.
Ayikokuqala ukwenzeka into enje, kwaye ayizukuba kokokugqibela. USvetlana Broz, owayesebenza njengogqirha eBosnia edlakazwe yimfazwe, wafumanisa ukuba abantu abaninzi bawanceda amaSilamsi kodwa bakugcina oku kuyimfihlelo ukuze baphephe ukuziphindezela kuhlanga lwabo. Kodwa baziva benesidingo esikhulu sokwabelana ngamabali abo.
Ewe, ukuzivavanya kudla ngokusetyenziswa kule miba uluntu iyithatha njenge "enobuzaza". Nokuba zithini na izizathu zokuzihlola, inyaniso ikukuba xa singakwazi ukufikelela kulwazi abanye abanalo ngenxa yokuba bezibona ngokwabo kwaye bengabelani ngalo, sonke siyaphoswa lithuba lokuchonga iingxaki kwaye sifumane eyona ilungileyo. isisombululo. Into engathethi ngayo iba "indlovu egumbini" ivelisa ukungqubuzana kunye nongquzulwano, kodwa ngaphandle kokufumana isisombululo.
Ukuzivavanya kuvela ubukhulu becala "kwingcinga yeqela," ebandakanya ukucinga okanye ukwenza izigqibo njengeqela ngeendlela ezityhafisa ubuchule bomntu ngamnye okanye uxanduva. I-Groupthink yinto yengqondo eyenzeka xa umnqweno wokuhambelana okanye ukuhambelana kungenangqiqo okanye ukungasebenzi. Ngokusisiseko, siyazivavanya ukuze siphephe ukugxekwa nokuhoywa. Yaye kwiimeko ezininzi isenokubonakala isengqiqweni.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzijonga okusiphosa kwiingalo ze kwezopolitiko ezichanekileyo iyasihlutha ubunyani, isithintele ekubeni sijongane ngqo nemiba esixhalabisayo okanye kwaneengcamango ezibambekayo ezithintela inkqubela. Amaxesha amaninzi emva kweleyibhile “imiba ebuthathaka” kukho ukunqongophala kokwenyani kokukhula eluntwini ukuze ukwazi ukuthetha ngokuphandle kunye nokungakwazi ukuqaphela imida yomntu.
Njengoko isazi ngengqondo uDaniel Bar-Tal wabhala: "I-self-censorship inamandla okuba sisibetho esingagcini nje ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi elingcono, kodwa libavimbile abo balisebenzisayo isibindi nokunyaniseka."
Kambe ke, ukuxhalabela ukusabela okungalunganga kwabanye okukhokelela ekubeni sizihlolisise asikokubi kwaphela. Inokusinceda sicinge kabini ngaphambi kokuba sithethe. Nangona kunjalo, izithethe zasekuhlaleni ezijongela phantsi iimbono ezingafunwayo ngokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bazihlole zisenokwenza kube lula ukuhlalisana ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, kodwa ezo mbono ziya kuqhubeka zikho ngenxa yokuba azikhange zithanjiswe ngokufanelekileyo okanye zitshintshwe, ziye zacinezelwa kuphela. Kwaye xa into icinezelwe ixesha elide, iphelela ekubeni isebenzise amandla aphikisayo okwenza uluntu kunye neendlela zokucinga zihlehle.
Yeka ukuzivavanya ngaphandle kokuba ngamarhamente
Ukuthatha isimo sengqondo sokuzigxeka kakhulu, sisebenza njengabagcini-zingcinga, amazwi okanye iimvakalelo zethu ngenxa yokoyika ukuphulukana nemvume yeqela lethu lentlalontle kunokuyenza ibe mandundu impilo yethu yomzimba neyengqondo.
Ukungakwazi ukwabelana ngokunyaniseka ngezimvo zethu kunye neminye imiba yobomi bethu bangaphakathi kusenokuba ngamava acinezelayo, okwenza ukuba umntu abe yedwa. Ukuzivavanya, eneneni, kuqulethe i-paradox: siyazivavanya ukuze singene kwiqela, kodwa kwangaxeshanye siziva singaqondwa kakuhle kwaye sikwahlukanisiwe nalo.
Enyanisweni, kuye kwabonwa ukuba abantu abanokuzithemba okuphantsi, abaneentloni kakhulu kwaye abaneengxabano ezimbalwa ngabo batyekele ngakumbi ekuzijongeni kwaye bachaneke ngakumbi kwezopolitiko. Kodwa kwakhona kufunyaniswe ukuba aba bantu badla ngokuba neemvakalelo ezingakhiyo.
Endaweni yoko, ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zethu kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye kusisondeze kubantu esabelana nabo ngemilinganiselo, kusinika ingqiqo yokuba kunye kunye noqhagamshelwano olusisiseko kwintlalontle yethu.
Ukuze siphephe imiphumo eyingozi yokuzibekela imiqathango ngaphandle kokujongelwa phantsi, kufuneka sifumane ulungelelwano phakathi kwemfuneko yokuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo nokungena kwiqela okanye kwimekobume yasekuhlaleni. Akusoloko ilixesha okanye indawo efanelekileyo yokuba nencoko enzima, kodwa ekugqibeleni kubalulekile ukuba kubekho indawo yokujongana nemiba enobuzaza echaphazela thina nabanye.
Oku kukwathetha ukuba negalelo kwezona zakhono zethu zibalaseleyo, phakathi koluhlu lwethu lwezenzo, ukudala umoya wokunyamezelana kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kokuwela kwisilingo sokubiza abanye, ukuze wonke umntu azive ekhululekile ekuvezeni iingcamango zakhe. Ukuba siyasilela ekudaleni nasekukhuseleni ezi ndawo zengxoxo ngaphandle kokuba abantu bazibone njengeentshaba kwithafa ledabi, siyakubuya sibuye umva, kuba izimvo ezilungileyo okanye izizathu nje azinyanzelisi ngokuvala abo bacinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Umda:
UGibson, L. & Sutherland, JL (2020) Ukugcina uMlomo Wakho Uvaliwe: Ukuzivavanya ngokuZivavanya eUnited States. SSRN; 10.2139.
UBar-Tal, D. (2017) Ukuzijonga njengeNgcaciso yeNtlalo-yePolitiki-yeNgqondo: Ukukhulelwa kunye noPhando. Psychology yezopolitiko; 38 ( S1): 37-65 ,
Maksudyan, N. (2009). Iindonga zokuzola: Ukuguqulelwa kwembubhiso yase-Armenia kwisiTurkey kunye nokuzivavanya. kakhulu; 37 (4): 635-649.
Hayes, AF et. Al. (2005) Ukuzimisela ukuSelf-Censor: Isixhobo soKwakha kunye neSilinganiso soPhando lwezimvo zoLuntu. I-International Journal yePublic Opinion Research; 17 (3): 298-323.
Broz, S. (2004). Abantu abalungileyo ngamaxesha obubi. Iifoto zokusebenzisana kunye nokuchasana kwiMfazwe yaseBosnia. ENew York, NY: Olunye ushicilelo
Umnyango Yintoni ukuzijonga kwaye kutheni kungafanele sikufihle oko sikucingayo? yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
