I loko o ka mōʻaukala a me nā moʻomeheu, hana nā hoʻomana ʻokoʻa i nā mōhai lawehala e kala ai no nā lawehala, nā hana ʻino a me ka hewa o ke kaiāulu. I nā manawa he nui i koho ʻia kahi holoholona, ʻoiai me ka ʻike ʻole ʻole a hala ʻole hoʻi i nā pilikia o ke kaiāulu, ua mōhai ʻia no ka "pono launa".
ʻIke ʻia kēia maʻamau me ʻūhāhā a he ʻano psychological ia i kaupalena ʻole ʻia i ke kaiāulu akā hoʻonui ʻia i nā hui liʻiliʻi e like me ka ʻohana. I ka ʻohana kūpono ʻole ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no kekahi o nā lālā e hoʻopiha i ka hana o ka scapegoat. Lilo ʻo ia i ke kanaka nāna e halihali i nā hewa āpau a, i kekahi ʻano, ke kaupaona o ke kaulike ʻohana lahilahi.
Ke kuleana o ka scapegoat i loko o ka ʻohana
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo ʻoi loa no ka mālama ʻana i kahi hui cohesive, kaohi a like like ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻenemi maʻamau. He hana ia i hoʻohana mau ʻia e ka poʻe kālaiʻāina akā mahalo pū ʻia i loko o nā ʻohana ʻona. I kēia mau hihia, koho ʻia kahi lālā e lilo i waihona o nā ʻoluʻolu ʻole o ka ʻohana, nā ukiuki a me nā manaʻo o ka hewa.
Hana ka scapegoat i loko o ka ʻohana i nā hana nui ʻelua, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā psychologists o ke Kulanui o Kansas.
• hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manaʻo hewa o ka ʻohana no kāna kuleana no kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole, e kōkua iā ia e mālama i kahi kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi iā ia iho a me kāna hana.
• mālama i ka manaʻo o ka kaohi ʻoiai ka scapegoat e hāʻawi nei i kahi wehewehe moakaka no kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole e ʻike ʻole ʻia inā ʻaʻole e kuleana ka ʻohana.
I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hana nui ka scapegoat i ka moʻolelo e kūkulu ai ka ʻohana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia iho ma ka lilo ʻana i wahi no nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, nā ʻano a me nā hana a ka ʻohana i ʻike ʻole ai nona iho. Lilo ka scapegoat i mea hana e wehewehe i nā hana maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā hana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai e mālama nei i kahi kiʻi maikaʻi.
ʻO kēia kanaka, i manaʻo ʻia e like me ka hipa ʻeleʻele, ʻae i ka ʻohana e noʻonoʻo he ʻoi aku kahi olakino olakino a ʻoi aku ka hana ma mua o ka maoli. Inā ʻaʻole na kēlā kanaka, hemolele a hauʻoli ka ʻohana.
La kumumanaʻo scapegoat i loko o nā ʻohana ʻona ua wehewehe pū kekahi e hana kēia kanaka ma ke ʻano he kiwikā kōkua e hāʻawi i kahi i nā haunaele e ʻohiʻohi nei i loko o ka ʻohana, i ʻole ia e wāwahi i nā hakakā ma waena o nā lālā āpau e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka hana kolohe.
Pehea ʻoe e koho ai i ka scapegoat i loko o ka ʻohana?
I loko o nā ʻohana, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻokoʻa no ke keiki ke lilo i ka nāhelehele. Hoʻohana kekahi mau makuakāne a me / a mau makuahine paha i kā lākou keiki ma ke ʻano he scapegoat e hoʻopuka i ko lākou huhū a hoʻopaʻi iā lākou no kā lākou mau hewa. E lilo ka lālā i koho ʻia i ʻenemi helu ʻekahi o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ia ke kanaka a kēlā me kēia kanaka e kuhikuhi ai i ke kumu o nā hakakāʻohana, ʻoiai inā he mau mile ka mamao aku ʻo ia a i ʻole inā ʻaʻohe pili pili me kāna ʻohana.
I kekahi manawa koho ʻia ka lālā ʻohana nāwaliwali a koʻikoʻi paha. ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā kanaka ke pane i nā hoʻāʻo i ka hōʻino a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, akā e mākaukau lākou e hāpai i ka ukana ma ko lākou poʻohiwi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kēlā ʻano hana hoʻomāinoino i mea kūpono e pono ai e "hoʻoikaika" i kēlā kanaka.
Eia nō naʻe, koho ʻia ka lālā ʻoi loa a kipi paha no ka mea ʻo ia ke kumu o ka nui o nā pilikia a kūʻē i nā ʻano ikaika ʻohana ʻona i hoʻokumu ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i lālā ʻoi loa o ka ʻohana a i ʻole ke kūʻokoʻa loa nāna, i kekahi ʻano a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, hoʻoweliweli i ka mana o ke alakaʻi. He poʻe maʻamau lākou me kahi ʻano o ka hoʻopono i ulu aʻe ma mua o ke koena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana.
ʻIke kaʻohana iā ia he "ʻokoʻa", no laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo ʻeha ia i nā mea āpau, kipi a mahalo ʻole ʻo ia. Manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole mahalo kēia lālā i ke "aloha" i loaʻa iā ia ma ka home, no laila ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i kahi manawa kūpono e hōʻino ai, hōʻole a hōhewahewa iā ia.
ʻO nā hopena psychological o ka hōʻole a me ka hewa
Koho ʻia mai ka wā ʻōpio ma ke ʻano he scapegoat ʻohana i nā hopena o ke ola āpau. Pēlā lākou ka poʻe hilinaʻi ʻole iā lākou iho a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā lākou iho no ka hana a kekahi iā lākou, e maʻalahi ai ka hōʻino a me ka hana.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine lākou kekahi poʻe i huhū loa, no ka mea, ua hōʻole ʻia ke aloha a me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo e loaʻa ai iā lākou i loko o ka ʻohana. I kēlā mau hihia, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i poʻe e pane me ka huhū i ka pilina kanaka.
ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau lākou e like me ke ʻano o ka "mea hoʻōla" no ka mea, me ka ʻike ʻole, manaʻoʻiʻo lākou he ʻaiʻē lākou i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, no laila lawe pinepine lākou me lākou i nā pilikia ʻaʻole iā lākou a hiki ke hoʻolilo iā lākou iho i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pahuhopu o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma ka nā lilo o kā lākou pono ponoʻī a me nā makemake.
Pehea e hooki ai i ka lilo i ka ʻohana scapegoat?
Minamina, hōʻike ʻia ka scapegoat e kahi keiki i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho mai ke kuleana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia. I kēlā me kēia hihia, ke ola nei kahi scapegoat i loko o ka ʻohana e hōʻike ana aia kahi ikaika nui pono ʻole e kamaʻilio ʻia.
ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka "ʻohana hipa ʻeleʻele" o ka ʻohana i ka makahiki e hiki ai ke lilo i kūʻokoʻa e puka i waho o kēlā ʻano ʻona. Eia nō naʻe, me ka ʻole o ke kōkua therapeutic a i ʻole me ka ʻoki ʻole ʻole ʻana i nā kaula, paʻakikī e hōʻoki i ka lilo ʻana o ka ʻohana.
ʻAʻole hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi scapegoat i ka nohona ʻohana akā i loko o ke kanaka ponoʻī. Pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka hewa a hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i nā kuleana o haʻi. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana iā ʻoe iho a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia e kou ʻohana e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ikaika e hana me kahi kaona ʻona.
He mea kūpono nō hoʻi ia e hoʻonohonoho i nā palena me ka ʻohana ma ka hōʻike ʻana iā lākou e ʻike hou ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻae hou i ke kuleana o ka scapegoat.
Kumuwaiwai:
Rothschild, Z. et. Al. (2012) ʻO kahi kumu hoʻohālikelike kumu pālua o ka scapegoating: Ke waiho nei i ka hewa e hōʻemi i ka hewa a hoʻonui i ka kaohi. Ka Nūpepa o ke Kinohi a me ke Kaiāulu; 102 (6): 1148-1163.
Frear, G. (1991) ʻO René Girard ma Mimesis, Scapegoats, a me nā Ethics. ʻO ka makahiki o ka Society of Christian Ethics; 12:115-133.
Cornwell, G. (1967) Scapegoating: kahi hoʻopaʻa na ka ʻohana Dynamics. ʻO ka Ka Nupepa ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa; 67 (9): 1862-1867.
ʻO ka puka komo ʻOiai ʻo ia ka scapegoat i loko o kahi ʻohana ʻona hoopuka mua ia Kihi o ka Psychology.
