Oscar Wilde: mutumin da mai zane-zane shekaru 117 bayan mutuwarsa
A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1900, Oscar Wilde ya mutu. Hazikin adabi kuma mai alamar abin da ya kai ƙarshen karni na goma sha tara, wanda aka sani game da ɗabi'arsa, Wilde ya yi Allah wadai da liwadi sosai kuma ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa cikin talauci da kaɗaici. “Shin kuna son sanin menene babban wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwata? Kawai na sanya wayo a rayuwata "
Oscar Wilde's gogewa ce ta wallafe-wallafe tsakanin tsakanin baiwa da narkewa, wanda koyaushe ke wahalar kafa iyakoki tsakanin fasaha mai kyau na wasu ayyukan sa da kuma mawuyacin halin da suke ciki. Littafinsa kawai, "Hoton Dorian Gray" (1891) nan da nan ya zama ɗayan misalai na kyawawan halayen adabin Ingilishi: labarin lalacewar ɗabi'a wanda marubucin bai ba da cikakken bayani ba, matsayi mai ƙarfi game da ƙasƙantar da mutum wanda, duk da haka , ba zai hana Wilde daga suka ba, gwaji da zargin lalata. Har ila yau, Wilde ya kasance marubucin wasan kwaikwayo mai kyau duk da cewa ba shi da tarihin wasan kwaikwayo: sanannen saurayi "Mai son Lady Windermere", "Mahimmancin kasancewa Earnest" da "Salome", fitacciyar fasaha ta ƙarshe da aka ƙuntata a Ingila kuma aka wakilta a Paris a 1896 , yayin da marubucin ke kurkuku. Kaifin ruhin da rashin girmamawa da wasu abubuwan da yake da shi na ilimin adabi ya sanya Oscar Wilde alama ce ta baƙinciki na wannan mummunan tashin hankali na ƙarshen karnin nan, wanda ba zai taɓa daina burgewa ba koda bayan ƙarni.
Wilde ya gaji mahaifiyarsa halayyar ɓoye ainihin shekarunsa, kuma a ranakun haihuwa yakan kasance yana sanya baƙi, iƙirarin yin baƙin cikin mutuwar wani na shekarunsa. An ce a cikin wani zamani na musamman na rayuwarsa yana son sanya tufafi tare da dogon zanen gashi, da yin ado da tufafi da fure da fuka-fuka na jabu. Wannan, da sauran abubuwan da ke faruwa, sun taimaka ƙirƙirar hoto wanda har yanzu ke rayuwa a yau: na wayayye, mai zurfin tunani, mai zurfin tunani game da wannan al'ummar da suka fara yaba shi sannan suka la'anta shi, wanda ya zaɓi ya rayu ya faɗi labarin. lokacinsa a matsayin ɗayan haruffa a cikin littattafansa.
“Ya zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin birni kuma yawan kudin shigar sa na shekara, samun kudin shiga daga rubuce rubucen sa, ya kai kusan rabin miliyan franc.Ya watsar da zinaren sa a cikin jerin abokai marasa cancanta. Kowace safiya ya sayi furanni biyu masu tsada, ɗaya don kansa, ɗayan kuma ga mai horar da shi; har ma a ranar da aka yi masa gwaji na ban mamaki an dauke shi zuwa kotu a cikin keken dokinsa biyu tare da mai horarwar da ke sanye da kayan gala da tare da ango mai foda ": wannan shi ne yadda wani mashahurin masanin adabin Irish, James Joyce, zai tuna shi. a cikin Italiyanci a cikin jaridar Trieste "Il Piccolo della Sera", shekaru goma bayan mutuwarsa.
Drivingarfin motsawar fasahar Wilde zunubi ne. Ya sanya duk halayensa na halaye, masu hankali, karimci, karfin tunani a yayin aiki a ka'idar kyakkyawa wacce, a cewarsa, ita ce dawo da zamanin gwal da farin cikin samarin duniya. Amma a zurfin ciki, idan wata gaskiya ta nisanta kanta daga fassarar da yake yi wa Aristotle, daga tunaninsa mara nutsuwa wanda yake faruwa ta hanyar sofis kuma ba ta hanyar maganganu ba, daga yadda yake fahimtar wasu dabi'un, baƙonsa, kamar na masu laifi da masu tawali'u, wannan gaskiyar da ke tattare da ruhin Katolika: cewa mutum ba zai iya kaiwa ga zuciyar Allah ba sai ta hanyar tunanin rabuwa da asara wanda ake kira zunubi.
The De Profundis, daga duhun kurkukun
Tun daga ƙuruciya kan mutumin Oscar Wilde akwai jita-jita da tsegumi game da liwadi,ya kara dagewa ta hanyar dabi'ar gaisawa da manyan abokansa tare da sumbatar bakinsu da kuma almubazzaranci ta hanyar ado da gyaran gashi. A tsayin daka na aikinsa da sanannen sa, Wilde shine jarumin daya daga cikin maganganun da aka fi magana akai game da karnin: wanda ake zargi da luwadi, wata badakalar da ba ta misaltuwa a Ingila a lokacin, kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kurkuku da shekaru biyu na aikin bautar, shi zai bar halaye na ɗabi'a da zamantakewar al'umma, ta yadda zai zaɓi ya kashe shekarunsa na ƙarshe a Paris, inda daga nan zai mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1900.
Amma daidai a kurkuku zai rubuta ɗayan kyawawan kyawawan ayyukansa, na sirri kuma ba tare da abin rufe fuska ba: doguwar wasika zuwa ga Lord Alfred Douglas, saurayin Wilde yana kauna kuma saboda shi ne ya zama cikin sarka, aka buga a karkashin taken "De Profundis". Shafukan da aka san marubuci da sauƙin fahimtarsa a matsayin mutum, yana kokawa da fatalwar abubuwan da ya gabata:
Mu da muke rayuwa a cikin wannan kurkukun, wanda a cikin rayuwarsa babu tabbaci sai dai ciwo, dole ne mu auna lokaci tare da bugun zuciyar wahala, da kuma tuna lokacin baƙin ciki. Ba mu da wani abin da za mu yi tunani a kai. Wahala ita ce hanyarmu ta kasancewa, kasancewar ita ce hanya ɗaya tak da muke da ita don fahimtar rayuwa; tunawa da abin da muka sha wahala a baya ya zama wajibi a gare mu a matsayin garantin, a matsayin shaidar asalinmu.
