Iindima zesini ziqala ukubunjwa zisemncinci, xa sikhetha i-pink kumantombazana kunye ne-blue blue kubafana, xa sithenga iidodoli zamantombazana kunye neelori okanye izibhamu zamakhwenkwe. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziwa kwiYunivesithi yaseConnecticut lubonise ukuba amantombazana amaninzi kunye namakhwenkwe abafuni ukuba izinto zabo zokudlala zisekelwe kwiipateni ezingqongqo zesini.
Ngokuchanekileyo ukunqanda ezi ndima zesini ezilinganiselweyo, ikhowudi ye-deontological esayinwe nguMphathiswa waBathengi kunye noMbutho waseSpain wabavelisi bezinto zokudlala (AEFJ) eza kuqala ukusebenza kule veki eSpain "ithintela" ekuboniseni izibhengezo zeethoyi ezibonelela ngomfanekiso wesini. okanye ukudlulisa iindima zesini ezingqongqo, into efana nomfanekiso osetyenziswe kweli nqaku, umfuziselo weengcinga ezisoloko zisenziwa lula zesini ukuze amakhwenkwe namantombazana afunde kwangethuba oko uluntu lukulindele kubo.
Izinto zokudlala azinasini
Ukususela ngoku, ukukhangisa kuya kufuneka kuxutywe, ngoko akufanele siphinde sibone iintengiso kuphela kunye namantombazana amancinci aphethe iipopi okanye adlala abafazi bezindlu. Iintengiso ezitsha kufuneka zikuphephe ukunxulumanisa amantombazana kuphela nokuzilungisa, umsebenzi wasekhaya okanye izinto ezinxulumene nobuhle kunye namakhwenkwe anentshukumo, umthambo okanye ubugcisa.
Ikhowudi yokuzilawula yentengiso yabantwana ibonelela oko "Ngokubanzi, izibhengezo zokudlala ziya kukuphepha ukubonisa ucalucalulo ngokwesini kwinkcazo-ntetho abayenzayo yamantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe, ukukhuthaza isininzi kunye nomfanekiso olinganayo weendima abanokuthi bazithathe, ngenjongo yokukhuthaza kunye nokuququzelela ukhetho lwabo lwamahhala lwamathoyizi".
Injongo yalo mmiselo mtsha kukuba izibhengezo zentengiso zokudlala zilingane ngakumbi, zibe yinyani kwaye zakhe, ngakumbi ezo zijoliswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala, abathathwa njengeqela elisemngciphekweni ngakumbi kwiingcamango ezisoloko zicingelwa ngokwesini njengoko besenza ukuba bangoobani kwaye baqonde indlela yokuziphatha. ihlabathi. Ngale ndlela, kujongwe ukukhuthaza nokukhuthaza umfanekiso onesininzi ngakumbi, ukulingana kunye nomfanekiso ongekho ngqiqweni ebuntwaneni.
Enyanisweni, amathoyizi awayi kuboniswa ngokucacileyo okanye ecacileyo ukuba akwesinye isini okanye esinye isini, okanye imibutho yemibala ayiyi kwenziwa (efana nepinki yamantombazana kunye neblue kumakhwenkwe). Izibhengezo kufuneka zisebenzise ulwimi olubandakanyayo kwaye zibonise abantu abayimizekelo emihle.
Izinto zokudlala zikabini azizange zihlale zikhona
Izinto zokudlala zamakhwenkwe zikholisa ukuba ndlongondlongo ngakumbi kwaye zibandakanya isenzo kunye neemvakalelo, ngelixa iithoyi zamantombazana zithande ukuba nemibala ethe cwaka kwaye zicebisa umdlalo wokwenziwa, ugxininisa ubuhle, ukuba ngumama kunye nokukhulisa. Kodwa bekungasoloko kunje. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, iithoyi zazingafane zithengiswe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Kwakungoo-40 apho abavelisi bezinto zokudlala baqonda ukuba iintsapho ezityebileyo zazikulungele ukuthenga iseti entsha yempahla, izinto zokudlala, kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuba zazithengiswa ngokwahlukileyo kuzo zombini izini. Ngaloo ndlela wazalwa umbono wepinki yamantombazana kunye neblue kumakhwenkwe.
Okwangoku, ukuthengiswa kwamathoyizi abini akupheli. Ukuhamba kwiipaseji zeevenkile zokudlala ngokungathandabuzekiyo kutyhila ukuba ngoobani na abaphulaphuli bazo. Iipaseji zamantombazana amancinci ziphantse zibepinki kuphela, zizaliswe ngoonodoli, amakhosazana, kunye namakhitshi amancinci. Imizila yamakhwenkwe ubukhulu becala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye ibonisa iilori, imipu namagorha abalaseleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka siqaphele ukuba unodoli okanye iloli yodwa ayiyi kuguqula amashumi eminyaka entlalontle eyasikhokelela ekubeni sikholwe ukuba abafana banxiba iblue, baneenwele ezimfutshane kwaye badlala ngamalori; ngelixa amantombazana ethanda i-pink, eneenwele ezinde kwaye adlale ngoonodoli.
Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona ukuzama ukuphelisa uhlobo lwesini lwentengiso yezinto zokudlala linyathelo elibalulekileyo, akuyi kutshintsha ngokuyimfuneko indlela abazali abaninzi nabantu abadala abafundisa ngayo amakhwenkwe ngobudoda kunye namantombazana malunga nobufazi.
Uphando olunomdla kakhulu olwenziwe yi IPew Research Center udize ukuba ngaphezu kwesithathu kwikota yabantu abathe baphendula bathi kulungile ukuba abazali bakhuthaze amantombazana ukuba adlale ngezinto zokudlala okanye enze izinto ezinxulumene nesini esahlukileyo. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abacinga ukuba yayilicebo elihle ukukhuthaza amakhwenkwe ukuba athabathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo ngokwesithethe enxulunyaniswa namantombazana.
Ingqondo ebukhali ekwaziyo ukufunda phakathi kwemigca iya kufumanisa ukuba olu phando lucebisa ukuba i-stereotype isaqhubeka kuluntu olunxibelelanisa ngokwesiko "ubudoda" iimpawu ezifana namandla, inkalipho kunye nobunkokeli ngento entle nenqwenelekayo, ngelixa iimpawu zinxibelelene ngokwesiqhelo nobufazi. njengokuba sesichengeni, imvakalelo, inkathalo kunye nothando, zimbi - okanye ubuncinci azifuneki.
Ngoko kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinjani na izibhengezo zezinto zokudlala, abafana basenokufumana isigidimi sokuba akulunganga ukufuna ukudlala njengamantombazana. Kwaye ukuyitshintsha loo nto siya kufuna ixesha elininzi. Mhlawumbi sigxile kakhulu ekuxhobiseni amantombazana kwaye silibale ukukhulula amakhwenkwe kuzo zonke izinto ezilindelekileyo zesini ezithi nazo ziwahluthe.
Umda:
(2022) Código de Autorregulación de la publicidad infantile de juguetes. Kwi: Ukuzilawula.
Watson, uRJ et. Al. (2020) Ubungqina beZazisi ezahlukeneyo kwiSampuli enkulu yeSizwe yezesondo kunye neSini esiBancinci abaBantu abafikisayo. Uphando ngoMntwana ofikisayo; 30(S2): 431-442.
Menasce, J. (2017) Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika babona ixabiso lokuqhuba abantwana kwizinto zokudlala, imisebenzi ehambelana nesini esahlukileyo. Kwi: IPew Research Center.
Umnyango Ipinki ayiyoyamantombazana okanye ibhlowu yeyamakhwenkwe, iithoyi azinasini yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
