Asingonaphakade, nangona sihlala siphila ngokungathi siphila. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, enyanisweni, uluntu lwethu luye lwaphuhlisa i-phobia yokwenyani yokuguga nokufa, leyo, kude nokusenza sonwabe, isifake ekudidekeni, isiqhubele ekubeni sisukele iinjongo ezingenakufikelelwa. Kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, indlela yentlalontle yayahluke kakhulu. Abantu babelazi kakuhle igama lesiLatini "memento mori", ngokoqobo kuthetha "khumbula ukuba kufuneka ufe". Isikhumbuzo esinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ubomi bethu, ngendlela elungileyo.
Ithini imvelaphi yeli binzana "inkumbulo mori"?
Ngokutsho kweGalileo Galilei Institute of Turin, imvelaphi yeli binzana isukela emva kwibutho lamaRoma, elaphuhla uvakalelo oluthile malunga nokufa nobomi. Kuthiwa iphuma kwisithethe samaRoma amandulo: xa injengele yabuyela esixekweni emva koloyiso olukhulu kwiintshaba zayo kwithafa ledabi, yayidla ngokwenza umngcelele ezitratweni ikhwele inqwelo yokulwa yegolide ifumana intswahla yezandla nentswahla yesihlwele.
Noko ke, izinto aziphumezileyo kunye nokunconywa zisenokunomtsalane kuye "uburhalarhume" ekhokelela kwisimo sokuzigwagwisa, ukuzigwagwisa kunye nokugqithisa okwamenza waphuhla inkohliso eyinyani yobunamandla onke. Ukunqanda oku, ikhoboka - kanye elinye labona bakhonzi bathobekileyo - lalinomsebenzi wokumkhumbuza ngendalo yakhe yomntu kunye nokufa (okulinganiselweyo kunye nokonakala) ngokuhleba kuye: “Iposti yakho yokuphefumla. Ndiyakhumbula, " oko kwakuthetha “Jonga ngasemva, khumbula ukuba uyindoda”.
Ngendlela efanayo, ibinzana "inkumbulo mori" yayisetyenziselwa ukukhumbuza loo madoda abalaseleyo ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba benza ntoni na kunye nozuko lwabo, isiphelo sasiya kufana kubo bonke. Ngale ndlela, xa injengele eyoyisileyo yayibhiyozelwa isenza umngcelele kwizitrato zesixeko, yayikhunjuzwa kwakhona ngokufa kwayo ukuze ithintelwe ekuzibandakanyeni kwikratshi eligqithiseleyo.
Ukukhumbula ukufa ukubhiyozela ubomi
Le memo yayingeyodwa kumaRoma kuphela. Ezinye impucuko ezininzi zenza kanye oko ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngeminyaka yee-600s, umzekelo, kwi-cloistered order of the Cistercian friars, babedla ngokuphinda-phinda omnye komnye ibinzana. "inkumbulo mori" yaye bade bembe amangcwaba abo kancinane yonke imihla ukuze bahlale bekhumbula ukufa kwabo baze bangaphulukani nentsingiselo yobomi.
Nangona kusenokubonakala kulusizi ekuqaleni, inyaniso kukuba eli binzana "inkumbulo mori" sisimemo sokucingisisa ngobufutshane bobomi namampunge amabhongo abantu. Uluntu lwanamhlanje aluthandi ukucinga kakhulu ngokufa kwaye lukhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle kwalo kuba lukujonga njengento edandathekisayo okanye edandathekisayo kwiimvakalelo zangoku.
Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ukukhumbula ukufa kukabani kwakungeyonto imbi, kunoko kwakulukhuthazo lokuphila ubomi obunesidima, obulungileyo nobunenjongo. Imisebenzi emininzi yobugcisa efumaneka ezicaweni, ngokomzekelo, ikhumbula umxholo wokufa ukuze ikhuthaze abo babukeleyo ukuba bacamngce ngentsingiselo yobomi.
Nella Danse Macabre, uhlobo olwaqala ekupheleni kwamaXesha Aphakathi kodwa lwaduma ngexesha leRenaissance, amathambo axelisa ukufa ayexhentsa nabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baluphi na uhlobo. Ngale ndlela wonk’ ubani, ukususela kumahlwempu ukusa koobhishophu ukusa kubalawuli, wayekhunjuzwa ukuba ulonwabo lwehlabathi luya kuphela yaye wonk’ ubani umele afe.
Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo yesivakalisi "inkumbulo mori"
Ibinzana "memento mori", edla ngokuguqulelwa ngendlela engafanelekanga ngokuthi "khumbula ukuba uya kufa", eneneni ikwanenye intsingiselo xa ihlalutywa ngenguqulelo echanekileyo: "khumbula ukuba kufuneka ufe". Umahluko uchubekile kodwa ubalulekile njengoko ingesosikhumbuzo sobomi bethu nje kuphela kodwa ikwasisibongozo sokuzilungiselela elo xesha ebomini.
Enyanisweni isikhumbuza ukuba sifa kancinane yonke imihla, ngoko ke kufuneka siqalise ukuzikhwebula kuzo zonke izinto ezingenamsebenzi namabhongo ehlabathi. Eso sikhumbuzo sisinceda sibone ulonwabo neentlungu ngokwahlukileyo. Iyasikhuthaza ukuba silushiye ngasemva uloyiko, amaxhala namathandabuzo ethu. Yaye iyasityhalela ekubeni siyilahle imikhwa ethintela ukuba sinciphise ubunzima esibuthweleyo.
Ayisiyonto nje into yokuba amaJiphutha amandulo - inkcubeko aphuma kuyo amaRoma - ayenesithethe sokulinganisa intliziyo kwi-psychostasis okanye ibhalansi. Kwelinye ipleyiti kwakubekwe usiba lwenciniba, umfuziselo kathixokazi uMaat. Ukuba intliziyo inobunzima obungaphezu koboya, oko kwakuthetha ukuba loo mntu ufile lityala aze enze izinto ezimbi, ngaloo ndlela etyiwa nguAmmit, irhamncwa lasentsomini. Kungenjalo, kwakuqondwa ukuba umfi wayephila ubomi bobulungisa yaye wayekulungele ukuzalwa ngokutsha kwihlabathi elizayo.
Ukukhumbula ukufa kwakukhuthaza ukwahlula umphefumlo ebunzimeni behlabathi nakuyo yonke imigibe ekulo, njengokubekela ecaleni ngokungapheliyo usukelo lwethu, ukuzalisa imihla yethu ngezinto ezingxamisekileyo kodwa ezingabalulekanga, okanye ukuzixhalabisa ngokungeyomfuneko ngezinto ezingenamsebenzi.
Phila lo mzuzu!
Umkhwa okhulayo kwinkcubeko yethu kukukhanyela ukufa ukuze siphile kwinkohliso yokuba sinokuhlala sisebatsha ngonaphakade kwaye ubomi bethu buqhubeka ngonaphakade. Ukusukela loo nkohliso kudla ngokuthetha ukubandakanyeka kugqatso lokuphulukana nexesha, ukugcina ingqondo ixakeke zizinto ezingenamsebenzi, nokusukela izinto ezingazisi ulwaneliseko lokwenene.
Kulo mongo, khumbula ibinzana lesiLatini ngamaxesha athile "inkumbulo mori" inokuba liculo lobomi. Kusikhuthaza ukuba siyeke ukuchitha ubomi bethu ngokusukela usukelo lwabanye abantu, ukuziqwebela izinto eziphathekayo, okanye ukuxhalabela izinto ezingenamsebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, kunokusikhuthaza ukuba sithabathe inyathelo lokuqala lokuqalisa ukuphila ngendlela esiyifunayo ngokwenene, ukuze ekugqibeleni singazisoli. Intoni memento mori ngokwenene isixelela ukuba: phila lo mzuzu!
Umda:
Zaffarano, GL (2011) Memento mori. Ngaphaya kweMagazini; 1.
Ricasoli, C. (2016) Memento Mori 'kwiBaroque yaseRoma. Studies; 104(416): 456-467.
Umnyango "Memento mori" ayithethi into oyicingayo, eli binzana lakudala lesiLatin lizisa ntoni ebomini bakho? yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
