«Diminyaka ethile bendinexhala lokuba amathontsi olwelo avela emlonyeni wengcibi okanye abancedisi bakhe anokubangela usulelo kumanxeba ezigulana. Iqala ke isifundo esinesihloko esithi "Ekusetyenzisweni kwemaski ngexesha lokusebenza" ye Unjingalwazi uPaul Berger, ugqirha wotyando waseFransi, phambi koMbutho Wotyando waseParis ngoFebruwari 22, 1899.
Xa imaski yazalwa
Imaski, umfuziselo wemeko engxamisekileyo yobhubhane ethe yasibeka kwinqanaba esilivuma kancinci, emva kokuba lisixelele ukuba lalingenamsebenzi iinyanga, ngoku sele isinyanzeliso ngommiselo. Kwaye kuya kuba njalo ixesha elide.
Ukufumanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zisetyenziswe nini okokuqala kunzima, kodwa sinezibonakaliso ezithile. Okusingqongileyo embindini wenkulungwane ye-800 isazi sezempilo saseJamani uCarl Flügge wabonisa ukuba incoko eqhelekileyo yayinokusasaza amathontsi empumlweni nasemlonyeni wayo ilayishwe ngeebhaktheriya ukosulela inxeba lotyando e eqinisekisa imfuno yesigqubuthelo ukuyiphepha.
Sele isetyenziswa kwiRenaissance
Kodwa ngaphambili kakhulu ukuba isayensi yezonyango yayiqonda ukuba ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zinokudada emoyeni kwaye zisenze sigule, abantu babenemaski eziphuculweyo zokugquma ubuso babo.
UChristos Lynteris uyabalisa, umhlohli kwiSebe le-Social Anthropology kwiYunivesithi yaseSt Andrews, ingcaphephe kwimbali yeemaski zonyango. Kwaye unika umzekelo we eminye imizobo evela kwixesha leRenaissance, apho abantu babonwa begqume iimpumlo zabo ngeetshefu ukuze baphephe ukugula.
Ubhubhani we-bubonic we-1720
Kukho nemizobo ye1720, epeyinta a I-Marseille epicenter ye-bubonic plague, apho abembi bathwala imizimba ngelaphu zisonge emlonyeni nasempumlweni.
Ngelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, bakwenza oko ukuze bazikhusele emoyeni ngenxa yokuba, ngelo xesha, kwakukholelwa ukuba isibetho sikwiatmosfera, siphuma emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungowe-1897 apho oogqirha baqala ukunxiba iimaski zokuqala kwigumbi lokusebenza: enkosi ngokuchanekileyo kwindoda yaseFransi uPaul Berger.
Ukusuka kwitshefu ukuya kwisihluzo
Ngamafutshane, nangona zikhangeleka njengemveliso elula, eneneni kuthathe ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ukwenza ezi zixhobo zokhathalelo lwempilo njengazo sizifunayo ngoku. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke ukwenza ukuba basebenze ngokwenene.
Eyokuqalanyani ke babezithandela nje iqhiya ebusweni. azaba nako ukuwuhluza umoya. Ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na, zathintela ugqirha ekukhohleleni okanye ukuthimla ngokuthe ngqo kumanxeba omguli.
Siqhubela phambili ngokuhluza iimaski zotyando: yayiyinyani, kwaqhambuka isibetho eManchuria, into esiyaziyo ngoku njengoMntla weTshayina ekwindla of 1910 ukwenza ugqirha ogama Lien-teh Wu ukuqonda ekuphela kwendlela yokuqulatha ukosuleleka okusasazeka emoyeni yayizimaski zokucoca.
Kwaye ke waphuhlisa uhlobo lwegauze elukhuni kunye nomqhaphu, ukuba isongelwe ngokuqinileyo ebusweni kwaye wongeze iileya ezininzi zelaphu ukucoca ukuphefumla. Ubuchule bakhe batshintsha kwaye, phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebruwari 1911, ukuveliswa kweemaski zokuphefumla kuye kwanda ukuya kumanani agqithisileyo, okuyimfuneko ekulweni nokusasazeka kwesibetho.
Imaski ye-N95 njengoko sisazi yamkelwa ngoMeyi 25, 1972, kwaye ukususela ngoko iteknoloji iye yavumela ukuba imveliso iphuculwe ngakumbi nangakumbi, ishiya uyilo lungatshintshi, olungcono okanye olubi, oluye lwahlala lufana noDkt Wu.
L'articolo Iimaski, ukusuka kwitshefu ukuya kwifilitha: imbali yezinto ezifanelekileyo kubomi bethu obutsha kubonakala ngathi yeyokuqala Umfazi.
