Igama elithi nootropic lisenokungaqhelani nawe, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba awuzange ube nekomityi yekofu ukukuvusa ekuseni okanye iti emnyama ukuze ugxininise ngakumbi kwiprojekthi. Ezi ziselo ezidumileyo zingahlelwa njenge-nootropics, engeyiyo into ngaphandle kwezinto eziphucula imisebenzi yethu yokuqonda.
Iqulunqwe ngamagama esiGrike samandulo νόος (hayi), intsingiselo "ingqondo", "ingqondo" okanye "ingqondo" e τροπή (Tropḗ) oku kuthetha "ukujika" okanye "ukuqhuba", i-nootropics yindlela "yokuqhekeza" ingqondo yethu ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo, ngokubanzi ngokusinceda sihlale sithe qwa, sigxininise kwaye sikhululekile okanye siphucule ubuchule bengqondo okanye imemori.
Yintoni kanye i-nootropics esetyenziselwa yona?
UCorneliu E. Giurgea nguye owasebenzisa igama elithi nootropic ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-70. Wayengeyena nje isazi sengqondo, kodwa kunye nekhemisti, yingakho wenza i-piracetam, ichiza le-nootropic eliphucula i-metabolism ye-neurons ngokulungiselela ukufunxa. yeoksijini. UGiurgea wachaza i-nootropics njengezinto ezenza imisebenzi yokuqonda kwengqondo, njengememori nokufunda, ngakumbi xa ezi zichaphazelekayo.
Kule minyaka, i-nootropics eyahlukileyo ifunyenwe kwaye nganye yenza ngokuhlukileyo, nangona zonke zingenelela ngendlela enye okanye enye kwi-metabolism yeeseli ze-nerve ezenza inkqubo yethu ye-nervous central. Kwezinye iimeko banokuphucula i-glucose kunye ne-oksijini kwingqondo, ngaloo ndlela basebenzise umsebenzi we-antihypoxic kunye nokukhusela izicubu zobuchopho kwi-neurotoxicity.
Ezinye i-nootropics zinokubandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni iiprotheni ze-neuronal kunye ne-nucleic acids kunye nokuvuselela i-metabolism ye-phospholipids kwi-neuronal membranes. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuphucula i-metabolism yobuchopho, nangona ukufumana utshintsho oluzinzileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba badle ngexesha elithile.
Namhlanje, i-nootropics isetyenziselwa ukunyanga imemori, ukuqonda kunye nokuphazamiseka kokufunda. Ziyacetyiswa ukuba zibambe ukonakala kwengqondo kwangoko okubonakaliswa ziimpawu ezinjengokulahleka kwenkumbulo kunye notshintsho olusemgangathweni kwingqondo. Ngapha koko, zidla ngokusebenza ngakumbi kubantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kancinci okanye abanokwehla kancinci ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.
I-Nootropics ingasetyenziselwa ukujongana ingqwalasela kunye nokukhubazeka kwememori ngenxa yokukhathala kunye nokudinwa. Kule nto banokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo ngamaxesha xa siphantsi koxinzelelo olunzima okanye xa sifuna idosi eyongezelelweyo yamandla.
I-nootropics yendalo esebenzayo kakhulu esetyenziswe kwiinkulungwane
1. Icaffeine
Ngaba ubusazi ukuba icaffeine yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni? Ifumaneka ngokwemvelo kwikofu, kodwa nakwi-cocoa kunye ne-guarana. Isebenza njenge-energizer enamandla enciphisa ukozela njengoko ivimba i-adenosine receptors kwingqondo, inqanda isignali yokukhathala isinceda sihlale siphaphile kwaye sigxile.
Enyanisweni, uphando olwenziwa eKhanada lufumene ukuba amanqanaba aphantsi (40 mg okanye 0,5 mg / kg) okanye aphakathi (300 mg okanye 4 mg / kg) amanqanaba e-caffeine aphucula ukuphaphama kwethu, ukuphaphama, ingqalelo kunye nexesha lokuphendula. Ngoko ke, iikomityi ezimbini zekofu ngosuku zinokusinceda silwe nokudinwa kwaye sihlale siphaphile.
2. L-Theanine
Iti sesona siselo sisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni emva kwamanzi. Iqulethe i-L-Theanine, i-amino acid enokufumaneka njengesongezelelo. Ngokubanzi, iti emnyama kunye ne-pu'er iqulethe eyona mali iphezulu, ilandelwa yiti ye-oolong kunye neti eluhlaza.
I-L-theanine inomdla kuba inesiphumo sokuzola, kodwa ngaphandle kokubangela ukozela. Kusigcina siphaphile ngaphandle kokuvelisa imeko yokuvuselela, njengoko kufunyenwe ngabaphandi beUnilever Food and Health Research Institute. Emva kokuhlalutya umsebenzi wengqondo yabantu emva kokusela ikomityi yeti emnyama, bafumana ukwanda komsebenzi we-alpha, onxulunyaniswa nokuphumla, kodwa kunye nokusebenza kwememori kunye ne-intuition kunye nobuchule.
3. Rhodiola
I-Rhodiola yimifuno ekhula kwimimandla ebandayo yeentaba zaseYurophu naseAsia. Inceda umzimba wethu ukuba usebenze ngokufanelekileyo kunye nemiphumo yoxinzelelo. Ngapha koko, iluncedo ekunciphiseni imvakalelo yokudinwa kunye nokudinwa kwengqondo, ngakumbi oko kubangelwa luxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo.
Ngaloo ndlela, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseSurrey baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa isicatshulwa sale nootropic babika ukunciphisa okukhulu kumanqanaba okuxhalaba, uxinzelelo, umsindo, ukudideka kunye nokudandatheka kwiintsuku nje ze-14, ezihamba kunye nokuphuculwa okubalulekileyo kwimo yengqondo jikelele. .
4. Ginseng
Ingcambu ye-ginseng isetyenziswe iinkulungwane kwiimpawu zayo zonyango kunye nokuvuselela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Nangona indlela yokusebenza kwayo ingekaziwa, kucingelwa ukuba inokuxhomekeka kwimpembelelo yayo enamandla yokuchasana nokudumba, eya kunceda ukukhusela ingqondo kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ngokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
Uthotho lwemifuniselo eyenziwa kwi ENyuvesi yaseNorthumbria tyhila ukuba i-Ginseng inciphisa ukudinwa kwengqondo kwaye iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwimisebenzi entsonkothileyo kwaye ngakumbi enzima ngokwasengqondweni. Ikwaphucula inkumbulo kwaye inokudala imvakalelo yokuzola kunye nokuba sempilweni.
5. Ginkgo Biloba
Amagqabi omthi we-Ginkgo Biloba anokuba nemiphumo emihle kwingqondo. Esi sityalo sonyango esiyinzalelwane yase-Asiya sisetyenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-2000 ukunyanga izigulo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ezo zinxulumene nengqondo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Enyanisweni, kukholelwa ukuba izibonelelo zayo zibangelwa kukuba ivuselela ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwansuku zonke kunokuphucula imemori kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abadala. Kodwa ikwaluncedo ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo. Uphononongo olwenziwa kwi-Slovak Academy of Sciences lubonisa ukuba ukuba sidla i-Ginkgo Biloba ngaphambi kokuba senze umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, yenza isenzo sokuthintela kwixinzelelo lwegazi kwaye ivimbele ukukhululwa kwe-cortisol ekuphenduleni, okuguqulela kuxinzelelo oluncinci.
Ngaphandle kwe-nootropics yendalo
Inzuzo ephambili ye-nootropics yendalo kukuba ingaba neentlobo ezininzi zeempembelelo ezincedo ngenxa yokuba zenziwe ngezinto ezininzi ezinokuthi zibe nemiphumo ye-synergistic kunye nomnye. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezo zikhompawundi ezifanayo zinokuthintela ukusebenza kwezinye izinto.
I-nootropics yendalo iphinda ibe ne-toxicity ephantsi, enciphisa umngcipheko wokugqithisa. Oku kukwathetha ukuba iidosi eziphezulu ziyafuneka ukuze kuphunyezwe isiphumo esifunekayo, yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukubhenela kwizicatshulwa ezithengiswayo njengezongezo.
Enyanisweni, imarike ye-nootropics inkulu kakhulu. I-Piracetam nootropics ziphakathi kwezona ziyaziwa ngokukwazi ukuphucula imemori kunye nokugxininiswa, nangona kunjalo i-Alpha GPC izongezelelo ziphakathi kwezona zilungileyo ze-nootropic njengoko le nto ingumthombo obalaseleyo we-choline, ngaloo ndlela inceda ekuphuculeni imemori ngokukhuthaza ukugxila.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-nootropics yendalo, i-synthetic compounds iyahlukaniswa ngokuhlanjululwa kwamayeza kunye nokuchaneka kwesenzo, yingakho inokusebenza ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokutya i-nootropics, qala ufumane malunga neempawu zabo kwaye uzithenge kwii-pharmacy okanye kwiiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo eziqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwazo. Yaye ukuba usebenzisa amayeza okanye ukhathazwa yiyo nayiphi na imeko, khumbula ukuba uqale udibane nogqirha wentsapho yakho.
Umda:
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Reay, JL et. Al. (2006) (2006) Iziphumo zePanax ginseng, ezidliwayo kunye nangaphandle kweglucose, kumanqanaba eglucose yegazi kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhubekayo 'enzima ngokwengqondo'. J Psychopharmacol; 20 (6): 771-81.
Jezova, D. et. Al. (2002) Ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye nokukhululwa kwe-cortisol ngexesha loxinzelelo lwe-Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) kumavolontiya anempilo. J Physiol Pharmacol; 53 (3): 337-48.
Umnyango Eyona nootropics yendalo ilungileyo "yokuqhekeza" ingqondo yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
