L 'uvelwano yiglu yentlalo enamandla. Yinto esivumela ukuba sizibeke ezihlangwini zabanye. Sisakhono esisinceda ukuba sizazi kwaye sizichaze nabanye, kungekuphela nje ukuqonda izimvo neengcinga zabo, kodwa nokuba namava abo. iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo.
Enyanisweni, kukho iindidi ezimbini zovelwano. Uvelwano lwengqondo yinto evumela ukuba siqaphele kwaye siqonde ukuba omnye uvakalelwa njani, kodwa ukusuka kwindawo yengqondo kuphela, ngokubandakanyeka okuncinci ngokweemvakalelo.
Uvelwano lwengqondo kukukwazi ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqikelela, kunye nokutolika iimvakalelo zabanye, kodwa akukho nto ibonakalisayo. Noko ke, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni abanye ngokuzikhusela kwimiphumo eyingozi engokweemvakalelo enokubangelwa kukunxulumana ngokugqithiseleyo nentlungu nokubandezeleka kwabanye. Ngokwenene, sisiseko se Isandi esivakalayo.
Kwelinye icala, uvelwano olungokweemvakalelo okanye oluchukumisayo lwenzeka xa kukho ukusabela okuchukumisayo esiye sizinxulumanise kakhulu neemvakalelo zomnye kangangokuba sinokuziva kweyethu inyama. Ngokucacileyo, xa uvelwano olungokweemvakalelo lubaxiwe yaye unxulumano nomnye phantse luphelele, lunokusityhafisa, lusenze singabi luncedo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa sinovelwano, sisebenzisa ukulungelelana phakathi kwabo bobabini, ngoko siyakwazi ukuqonda iimvakalelo zomnye umntu kuthi, kodwa sinokukuqonda oko kwenzekayo kubo ukuze sibancede ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa yonke into ibonakala ibonisa ukuba le bhalansi iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Uvelwano lwengqondo luyehla ngokuya ngeminyaka
Kwingcinga ethandwayo kukho ingcamango yokuba abantu abadala ngokusisiseko abaqondi. Sithanda ukubajonga njengabangqongqo kwaye abanyamezeli kangako, ngakumbi kwabancinci. Iingcali zengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseNewcastle ziye zafunda le nto ngokusebenzisa i-prism yovelwano.
Baye baqesha abantu abadala abangama-231 abaneminyaka eyi-17 ukuya kwengama-94. Ekuqaleni, abantu baboniswa iifoto zobuso neevidiyo zabadlali abacelwa ukuba badlulisele iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwafuneka bachonge iimvakalelo ezibonakalisiweyo kwaye bathathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba izibini zemifanekiso zibonise iimvakalelo ezifanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo.
Kamva, babona imifanekiso eli-19 yabantu ababandakanyeke kuhlobo oluthile lwembutho. Kwimeko nganye, abathathi-nxaxheba kwafuneka bazame ukufumanisa ukuba umlinganiswa oyintloko wayeziva ntoni (uvelwano lwengqondo) kwaye babonise indlela ababandakanyeka ngayo ngokweemvakalelo (uvelwano olusebenzayo).
Abaphandi abafumananga mahluko ubalulekileyo kuvelwano oluchaphazelayo, kodwa iqela labantu abadala kune-66 lafumana amanqaku amabi kancinci kuvelwano lwengqondo. Oku kubonisa ukuba abantu abakhulileyo eneneni basenokuba nobunzima obungakumbi bokuchaza nokutolika iimvakalelo zabanye ngokuchanekileyo.
Ilahleko yengqondo okanye indlela yokulungelelanisa?
Olunye uthotho lwezifundo eziqhutywe kwinkalo ye-neuroscience lutyhila ukuba amalungu eemvakalelo kunye neengqondo zovelwano zixhaswa ngamanethiwekhi obuchopho ahlukeneyo asebenzisanayo.
Enyanisweni, uphando olwenziwa kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia lufumene ukuba ukuqonda kunye novelwano oluchaphazelekayo luneendlela ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso. Ngelixa uvelwano oluchaphazelayo luxhomekeke kwimimandla yangaphambili yengqondo, ngokuyintloko inkqubo ye-limbic, efana ne-amygdala kunye ne-insula, uvelwano lwengqondo lubonakala luxhomekeke kwimimandla eqhelekileyo kwiTheory of Mind efuna ukusetyenzwa kolwazi ngakumbi, njengokukwazi ukuthintela iimpendulo kwaye sibeke ecaleni imbono yethu ukuze sizibeke endaweni yabanye.
Ngendlela efanayo, izazinzulu ze-neuroscients kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard zafumanisa ukuba abanye abantu abadala babonisa umsebenzi oncitshisiweyo ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo eziphambili ezibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zovelwano lwengqondo, njenge-dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ekucingelwa ukuba ngummandla ofanelekileyo kwinethiwekhi yovelwano lwengqondo. abantu.
Inkcazo enokwenzeka yale nto kukuba ukudodobala kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo okwenzeka kubantu abadala kuphelile kuchaphazela uvelwano lwengqondo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba baphume kwimbono yabo ukuze bazibeke kwezinye izicathulo kwaye baqonde okwenzekayo kubo.
Kwelinye icala, kwaphuhliswa uphononongo apho IYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseYang-Ming inikeza enye ingcaciso. Ngokwaba baphandi, iimpendulo ezinxulumene novelwano lwengqondo kunye novelwano luzimela ngakumbi kwiminyaka.
Enyanisweni, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abantu abadala basabela ngovelwano olukhulu kunabantu abaselula kwiimeko ezibafaneleyo. Oku kungabonisa ukuba njengoko sikhula siba nokuqonda ngakumbi malunga nendlela "esichitha" ngayo amandla ethu ovelwano.
Mhlawumbi oko kuncipha kovelwano kungenxa yokwaluphala nobulumko indlela yokuzikhusela esivumela ukuba sizikhusele ekubandezelekeni kwaye sisenze siyeke ukuxhalaba kakhulu.
Umda:
Kelly, M., McDonald, S., & Wallis, K. (2022) Uvelwano kubo bonke ubudala: “Ndisenokuba mdala kodwa ndisaziva”. Neuropsychology; 36 (2): 116-127.
Moore, RC et. Al. (2015) I-neural correlates ehlukeneyo yovelwano lweemvakalelo kunye nokuqonda kubantu abadala abadala. UPhando lwezePsychational: Neuroimaging; 232: 42-50 .
Chen, Y. et. Al. (2014) Ukuguga kuhambelana notshintsho kwiisekethe ze-neural eziphantsi kovelwano. Neurobiology yokwaluphala; 35 (4): 827-836.
Umnyango Uvelwano lwengqondo: Ngaba sifunda ukugcina "amandla ovelwano" njengoko sikhula? yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
