Kungekudala abantu abangakhathaliyo nabo baya kunkqonkqoza ekhayeni lethu. Ibeka njengemvakalelo yokungafuni ukuya kwimoya yomzimba kunye nengqondo. Siziva singenzi nto kwaye siziva singenanto. Ngamanye amaxesha le mvakalelo isiza kuthi ngequbuliso kwaye inyamalale njengoko ibisiza. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lokuba kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzekayo efuna ukuba siqwalaselwe.
Ukungakhathali, inkcazo edlula ukuswela inkanuko
Ukuqonda inkcazo yokungakhathali kufuneka sibuyele kwimvelaphi yaso ye-etymological. Eli gama livela kwisiGrike esithi (i-apatheia), evela ku "Phatos", kwaye kuthetha iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo okanye uthando. Ke ngoko, umxholo wokungakhathali ngokusisiseko ubhekisa kukungabikho komnqweno kunye neemvakalelo. Ngapha koko, xa siziva singakhathali siba nemeko yokusilela okunomdla. Asidandathekanga, siswele nje umdla kwaye siqhubele phambili iimvakalelo neemvakalelo.
Kodwa ukungakhathali asikokungabikho kwemvakalelo kunye nomdla, yimeko ngokubanzi yokungakhathali apho singaphenduli kwimiba yobomi bethu beemvakalelo, ezentlalontle, okanye obomzimba. Singena kuhlobo lwentlango yeemvakalelo apho amandla kunye nomnqweno usishiya khona.
Ukungakhathali akususi kuphela kwiimvakalelo zethu, kukwabangela ukungabikho kwenkuthazo kunye nesimo sengqondo sokungakhathali kunye nokuthamba. Iinjongo eziqhelekileyo ezikhuthaza indlela esiziphatha ngayo ziphulukana nentsingiselo yazo kwaye sihlala sityhafile kwaye singenamandla, phantse sikhubazekile kwaye singakwazi okanye singathandi ukwenza.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokungakhathali
• Kwinqanaba lomzimba siziva sinzima, kufana nokuba sinyathela ngumoya ochaseneyo, ukuze ukubetheka kwenyawo nganye kusixabise ngamandla. Siziva sidiniwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukuphumla akonelanga ukufumana amandla kwakhona.
• Kwinqanaba lokuqonda, asifumani nto ikhuthazayo okanye enomdla. Kuthi yonke into iyafana. Akukho luvuselelo lwengqondo lusonwabisa thina. Akukho ngcamango isiqinisekisayo. Asiziva sinesidingo sokuphonononga okanye ukufunda izinto ezintsha.
Kwinqanaba leemvakalelo siziva singenanto kwaphela. Akukho nto inamandla okusenza sonwabe ngokwaneleyo ukuba sikwazi ukusebenza, kodwa akukho nto ide isenze sibe nomsindo kakhulu okanye singonwabi. Siphila kwimeko yokudinwa kunye nokuthambeka ngokufanelekileyo.
• Kwinqanaba elomeleleyo asifumani mandla kunye nenkuthazo efunekayo ukuqhubela phambili. Ingathi siphelelwe yibhetri. Nanini na xa sizama ukwenza into, kubonakala ngathi ifuna umgudu ongaphaya komntu.
Kuqala nini ukungakhathali?
Ukungakhathali akuyiyo uphawu lengxaki. Ewe, kwizithandi zobulumko zamaStoyikeukukhathazeka Yayiyimeko yengqondo apho sasikhululeka khona kukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo. Kubandakanya ukupheliswa kweemvakalelo kwiziganeko zangaphandle ngaphaya kolawulo lwethu. Ukusuka kuloo mbono, ukungakhathali kuthatha intsingiselo ethe kratya, ukusondela kufutshane ngakumbi kwilizweulingano.
Kodwa ukungakhathali luphawu lwengxaki xa kusiba ngumqobo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kwaye kuthintela ukuziva sonwabile. Ngapha koko, ukungabikho kuluhlu kangangexesha elide kunokuba ngumqondiso woxinzelelo okanye ukungafani nesazisi.
Unobangela wokungakhathali okwandile
Ukungakhathali kunokuba nezizathu zomzimba nezengqondo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuthintela ukuba ayilophawu lwesifo. Ngapha koko, iingxaki ze-thyroid kunye nokungalingani kwehomoni, ukutya okungalunganga, i-anemia okanye amanye amayeza anokukhokelela kwimeko yokudakumba nokudinwa okufana nokungakhathali.
Emva kokugweba unobangela womzimba, ingxaki inokuba yeyengqondo. Ukungakhathali kuhlala kuluhlobo lwebhuleki yesandla ebonisa ukuba kufuneka sithobe isantya kubomi obugqithisileyo obufuna kakhulu kuthi. Kule meko, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukungakhathali ukuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa njengoko injongo yayo kukusinyanzela ukuba siphumle kwaye sikhuphe kwihlabathi.
Ngamanye amaxesha oonobangela bokungakhathali banzulu kwaye basixelele okuthile malunga nendlela esiphila ngayo. Xa sibhaptizwa kubomi esingabuthandiyo, nokuba kungenxa yokuba sikhethe umsebenzi ongalunganga, singqongwe ngabantu abanetyhefu okanye sibhaptizwe kwindawo engaphuhliswanga. Ukunqongophala kwentsingiselo, usuku nosuku, kuyaphela kukuzenza uzive, kuphelisa izixhobo zethu zengqondo kwaye kususe amandla ethu.
Ukungakhathali kunokubangelwa kukuhlala ixesha elide kunye umqhubi ozenzekelayo ifakiwe. Zonke iintsuku ziyafana kwaye akukho nto inokunika ubukhazikhazi kubukho bethu, amandla ethu obomi anokucotha kancinci. UMario Benedetti wayichaza ngcono: "Ndinoluvo olubi lokuba ixesha lihamba kwaye ndingenzi nto, akukho nto yenzekayo kwaye akukho nto indishukumisayo kwingcambu".
Kwelinye icala, ukungakhathali kunokubangelwa kukuphoxeka okunzulu. Ekugqibeleni, xa singakhathali, siphulukana nethemba lokufumana uvuyo okanye ukwaneliseka. Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuba siyekile ukukholelwa kwiinjongo esizibekele zona okanye ngenxa yokuba siphulukene nokholo kumandla ethu okuzifikelela. Kule meko, ukungakhathali kubonakala ngathi luhlobo lokuzinikezela ngaphakathi.
Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, nokuba yintoni unobangela wokungakhathali, usithumela umyalezo: sinengxaki ekufuneka siyilungisile. Ayisiyongxaki yokuba ukungakhathali kwehlise inqanaba lamandla ethu. Ukwenza oku ukuze singabinakho ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba isantya sethu siyasibhida. Ngokusinyanzela ukuba siphefumle, iyasikhuthaza ukuba sibonise kwaye sisombulule okwenzekayo kuthi.
Ungakoyisa njani ukungakhathali ngokubanzi?
Ukoyisa ukungakhathali okuqhelekileyo kufanelekile ukuba sihambe. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba senze izinto ezinkulu, qala nje. Thatha inyathelo lokuqala. Nangona incinci, kodwa kufanelekile. Mhlawumbi kufuneka siyenze-okanye siyilungise-into eyenza umahluko kulandelelwano lweentsuku ezihlala zifana. Mhlawumbi kufuneka sidibanise uxinzelelo okanye sibonakalise uxinzelelo kwinto ethile eza kusebenza kuthi kwaye sinokubuyela kwakhona.
Kuphela siyazi ukuba loluphi unyango lokungakhathali olusebenzela thina. Kufuneka sizijonge esipilini kwaye sizibuze: "Ukuba bendinomnqweno okanye amandla, bendiza kwenza ntoni?" Asinakufumanisa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa xa siyazi impendulo, kufuneka siyenze.
Xa sisiya phambili kwaye senza into evakalayo okanye esenza sizive sonwabile, isiphumo sezo nzame zincinci sishenxisa utolo ukusuka kukungakhathali kuye kumdla. Ukungakhathali kuthatha indawo yokufuna ukwazi kunye nomnqweno wokuphila. Nje ukuba "injini" iqalwe, yonke into iba lula.
Umda:
Cathomas, F. et. Al. (2015) Isifundo esiguqulelayo sokungakhathali -indlela yendalo. Ngaphambili. Behav. Neurosci; 9:241.
Ishizaki, J. & Mimura, M. (2011) Dysthymia kunye nokungakhathali: Ukuchonga nokunyanga. Uxinzelelo lweNyango; 893905.
IGoldberg, YK et. Al. (2011) Isizungu: Amava eemvakalelo aKwahlukileyo kukungakhathali, iAnhedonia, okanye uxinzelelo. Ijenali yezeNtlalontle kunye nezeSayensi yezeMpilo; 30 (6): 647-666.
Umnyango Yintoni ukungakhathali? Iimpawu kunye noonobangela yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
