Kukhazikika ndi luso lofunikira chifukwa limatiteteza ku zovuta zomwe timakumana nazo ndipo zimatithandizanso kudzuka titagwa. Kukhala wolimba mtima sikutanthauza kukhala wosavulazidwa, koma kukhala wokhoza kumenya bwino ngakhale kuwagwiritsa ntchito kukula. Viktor Frankl, katswiri wazamisala yemwe adapulumuka m'misasa yowonongera Nazi, adatsimikiza "Munthu amene amadzuka ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa amene sanagwe".
Kodi "kupirira" kumatanthauza chiyani?
Mu 1992, wama psychologist waku America Emmy Werner anali ku Kauai, chimodzi mwazilumba zazilumba za Hawaii, pomwe adachita chidwi ndi luso lapadera lomwe anthu ena okha amawoneka kuti ali nalo. Adasanthula ana opitilira 600 obadwa muumphawi, m'modzi mwa atatu mwa iwo anali ndivuto lalikulu chifukwa amakhala mabanja osagwira ntchito amadziwika ndi chiwawa, uchidakwa komanso matenda amisala.
Zosadabwitsa kuti, patadutsa zaka 30 ambiri mwa anawa adabweretsa mavuto amisala komanso / kapena mayanjano, koma ena adanyalanyaza zovuta zawo ndipo adakhala anthu okhala ndi ubale wokhazikika, wabwino kulingalira bwino ndi ntchito zomwe amamasuka nazo.
Werner adatcha anawo "osatetezedwa" chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mavuto sanawagwere, koma kenako adazindikira kuti mfundo sikuti mavuto sanali kuwakhudza, koma kuti anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati mwala wopondera kuti athetse okha. Kenako lingaliro la kukhazikika lidabadwa.
Mawu oti kupirira m'maganizo amatengedwa kuchokera ku fizikiya. Mu fizikiya, kupirira ndikuthekera kwa zinthu zina kuti zibwezeretse mawonekedwe ake atakumana ndi vuto. Mu psychology, kupirira ndikutha kuthana ndi zovuta komanso / kapena zoopsa, kuthana nazo ndikukonzanso moyo wanu kuti mupitilize kukula mtsogolo.
Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo lakukhazikika limatanthawuza zambiri kuposa kungobwerera momwe zinthu zilili kale. Sikutanthauza kungobwerera mwakale, koma zikutanthauza kusintha komwe kumabweretsa kuphunzira ndikukula. Munthu wolimba mtima amapeza mphamvu zake pokumana ndi mavuto.
Kumbali inayi, kupirira kumaphatikizanso kuthekera kokhala ndi malingaliro ena mkati mwa mkuntho. Munthu wolimba mtima samakumana ndi mavuto, koma amatha kuthana nawo osasweka mtima, ndikukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Chifukwa chake, “Kukhazikika pamavuto ndikuthekera kwachilengedwe kwa anthu kuyendetsa zamoyo moyenera. Ndichinthu chomwe munthu aliyense ali nacho: nzeru ndi kulingalira bwino. Zimatanthauza kudziwa momwe iwe umaganizira, yemwe iwe uli wauzimu, kumene umachokera komanso kumene ukupita. Chofunikira ndikuti muphunzire momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu yakubadwa nayo yomwe munthu aliyense amakhala nayo kuyambira pobadwa. Ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa mzimu wathu wamkati ndikupeza njira yowongolera ", monga a psychology Iris Heavy Runner adalemba.
Kodi kupirira ndikotani?
Kukhazikika sikuli chishango chothana ndi kuvutika ndi kupweteka. Kukhala wolimba mtima sikutanthauza kutetezedwa kapena kuwonongeka. Mavuto, zotayika, kapena matenda zimabweretsa mavuto kwa aliyense.
Komabe, kulimba mtima kumatitsimikizira kupulumuka munthawi yovuta chifukwa kumalimbitsa kudzidalira kwathu komanso kumatithandiza kuyika zidutswa zomwe zidasweka palimodzi kuti tithe kupita patsogolo. Kukhazikika kumatilola kupereka tanthauzo lomangika pazomwe zimatigwera, kuti titha kugwiritsa ntchito zowawa kapena zowawa ngati zomangira kuti zikule.
Kukhazikika kumatiteteza ku zotsatira zowononga za kupsinjika chifukwa kumatithandiza kuthana ndi zovuta ndikulingana, komanso kupewa kuwonekera kwa zovuta monga nkhawa wamba kapena kukhumudwa. M'malo mwake, titha kumvetsetsa lingaliro la kukhazikika kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zomwe titha kutsatira tikakumana ndi zovuta kapena zoopsa.
Zojambula kuchokera ku Bonnano, GA
Inde, kupirira sikofunikira kokha mwamalingaliro komanso mwakuthupi. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Sukulu ya Stanford anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa awulula kuti, atakumana ndi zovuta zofananira zoyambirira, iwo omwe adakumana ndi matendawa molimbana ndi kupirira anali ndi kusintha kwabwinoko kuposa omwe adadwala mosimidwa, opanda thandizo komanso zamatsenga.
Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kupirira kumathandiza anthu kuti achire pambuyo povulala msana. Anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi olimba mtima adanenanso kuti akusangalala komanso akukumana ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu kwauzimu, komwe kumawathandiza kuthana ndi zotsatira za matendawa ndikuchira.
Chifukwa chake, kupirira sikungotithandizira kuthana ndi zovuta mwakuwongolera pang'ono komanso ngakhale kufanana kuti tipeze yankho labwino pamavuto, komanso kumateteza thanzi lathu kapena kumatithandizira kuthana ndi matenda.
Zitsanzo zitatu zolimbikitsa zakupirira
Zitsanzo zakukhazikika m'mbiri ndizosawerengeka. Ndi nkhani zamoyo zomwe zimadziwika ndi zovuta komanso za anthu omwe adapeza mphamvu kuthana ndi mavuto onse kuti akule m'malo osavomerezeka kotero kuti akadapambana ena onse.
1. Hellen Keller, mtsikana yemwe sanatsutsidwe chilichonse
Mwina chimodzi mwazitsanzo zodziwika bwino za kulimba mtima ndi cha Hellen Keller, yemwe pa miyezi 19 adadwala matenda omwe amamulemekeza pamoyo wake wonse ndikumulepheretsa kuwona ndi kumva, kuti asaphunzire kuyankhula.
Mu 1880 mulingo womwewo wolumala unali chiganizo. Komabe, Hellen adazindikira kuti atha kuzindikira dziko lapansi ndi mphamvu zake zina ndipo atakwanitsa zaka 7 anali atapanga kale zopitilira 60 kuti alankhulane ndi banja lake.
Koma luntha limenelo lidamutsutsa chifukwa zidawonetsanso zofooka zake. Kukhumudwa posakhalitsa kudawonekera ndipo Hellen adalifotokoza mwamphamvu. Makolo ake adazindikira kuti amafunikira thandizo ndipo adalemba ntchito mphunzitsi wachinsinsi, Anne Sullivan.
Mothandizidwa naye, Hellen sanangophunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba zilembo za akhungu, komanso amatha kuwerenga milomo ya anthu powakhudza ndi zala zawo kuti azindikire kuyenda ndi kunjenjemera.
Mu 1904, Hellen adamaliza maphunziro ake ndipo adalemba buku la "The Story of My Life", yoyamba pamndandanda wa ntchito zazitali. Adadzipereka kuthandiza anthu ena olumala ndipo waphunzitsa m'maiko osiyanasiyana kulimbikitsa mabuku ndi makanema pazolimba mtima.
2. Beethoven, waluntha yemwe mphatso yake idalandidwa
Chitsanzo china chabwino chokhazikika chinali moyo wa Ludovicus van Beethoven. Ali mwana, adaleredwa mosamalitsa. Abambo ake, omwe anali chidakwa, adamudzutsa pakati pausiku kuti azisewera pamaso pa abwenzi ake ndikumuletsa kusewera masana kuti azitha kuphunzira nyimbo. Zotsatira zake, sanathe kusangalala ndi ubwana wake.
Zovuta zapabanja zinali zosapiririka kotero kuti ali ndi zaka 17 Beethoven adapita kulikulu la Austria. Posakhalitsa amayenera kubwerera kukalonjera amayi ake, omwe adamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Patadutsa miyezi ingapo, abambo ake adadwala matenda ovutika maganizo, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kunakula ndipo adakhala m'ndende.
Mnyamata Beethoven amayenera kusamalira azichimwene ake, chifukwa chake adakhala zaka zisanu akuphunzitsa kuyimba piyano ndikusewera vayolini pagulu lanyimbo kuti azithandiza banja pazachuma. Koma atangoyamba kuwala ngati wolemba, kanthawi atangoyamba kupanga Symphony yake, adayamba kuzindikira zodwala zoyambirira kwa woimba aliyense: ugonthi.
Vutoli, m'malo momulekanitsa ndi chilakolako chake, linamupatsa nyonga yatsopano ndipo anayamba kulemba mopepuka. Amati amatha kuchita izi papepala chifukwa amamvera zolemba pamutu pake. Wolembayo analibe piyano mchipinda momwe amapangira chifukwa sanasankhe kusewera chidacho chifukwa chimasewera molakwika.
Chakumapeto kwa moyo wake, anali atatsala pang'ono kumva. Koma pamene ugonthi wake udakulirakulira, nyimbo zake zidasintha kwambiri, mwina chifukwa adakonda zolemba zapakatikati komanso zapakatikati kwambiri popeza sanamve bwino.
3. Frida Kahlo, chojambula chobadwa ndi ululu
Chitsanzo china chokhazikika ndi moyo wa Frida Kahlo. Ngakhale adabadwira m'banja la ojambula, pazaka zoyambilira sanawonetse chidwi chazithunzi kapena zojambula. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi adadwala poliyo yomwe ikadafupikitsa mwendo wake wamanja, womwe udaseketsa ana.
Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala msungwana wosakhazikika komanso wachinyamata, wokonda masewera omwe amamusunthira kuti athetse mavuto amthupi. Pa 18, zonse zidzasintha chifukwa cha ngozi yoopsa.
Basi yomwe adakwera idagundidwa ndi tram. Zotsatirazo zinali zazikulu: kuphwanya kangapo komanso kuvulala kwamtsempha. Zonsezi zidamupangitsa kuzunzika kwakukulu pamoyo wake wonse. Frida anachitidwa maopareshoni 32 pazaka zambiri, ena okhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, kuchira kwanthawi yayitali komanso sequelae yayikulu, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito ma brace osiyanasiyana a 25 kukonza mawonekedwe.
Munali munthawi imeneyi, chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino komwe adamuchitira, pomwe adayamba kujambula. Zithunzi zake zotchuka zimaimira kuzunzika, kupweteka ndi kufa, komanso chikondi ndi chidwi cha moyo. M'malo mwake, ngakhale ntchito yake nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndikujambula za surrealist, Frida adati sanapange maloto ake, koma zenizeni zake.
Adakhala ndi pakati katatu komwe adathera padera komanso ubale wake wachikondi / chidani ndi Diego Rivera sizinamuthandize kuti akhale ndi moyo wamtendere wamtendere.
M'zaka zaposachedwa ululu udakulirakulira ndipo adachita kudulidwa gawo la mwendo wake wakumanja, pansi pa bondo, wowopsezedwa ndi chilonda. Komabe, Frida adapeza penti njira yopulumukira ndikuwonetsera. M'malo mwake, ntchito yake yatsopano, yomwe adaitcha "Viva la vita!" ndipo adasaina masiku asanu ndi atatu asanamwalire, ndizofanizira kuti adakhalaponso.
Malire:
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Shatté, A. er. A. J Wogwira Ntchito Environ Med; 59 (2): 135-140.
Duggan, C. et. Al. (2016) Kukhazikika ndi Chisangalalo Pambuyo Povulala Pamtsempha Wam'mimba: Phunziro Loyenera. Chingwe chapamwamba cha msana Inj Rehabil; 22 (2): 99-110.
Fleming, J. & Ledogar, RJ (2008) Kukhazikika, Lingaliro Lomwe Likusintha: Kuwunikiranso Mabuku Ogwirizana ndi Kafukufuku Wachibadwidwe. Pimatisiwin; 6 (2): 7-23.
Kutaya kwa Bonanno, GA (2004), Kupwetekedwa Mtima, ndi Kukhazikika Kwaumunthu: Kodi Tidapeputsa Kuthekera Kwaumunthu Kukula Patatha Zochitika Zosintha Kwambiri? Katswiri Wazamisala waku America; 59(1): 20-28.
Wothamanga, IH & Marshall, K. (2003) 'Opulumuka Zozizwitsa' Olimbikitsa Kukhazikika Kwa Ophunzira Ku India. Tribal College Zolemba; 14 (4); 14-18.
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Werner, E. (1993) Kukhazikika pachiwopsezo ndikuchira: Zoyambira za kauai longitudinal Study. Development ndi Psychopathology; 5:503-515 .
Pakhomo Kodi kupirira ndi chiyani? Zitsanzo za kudzoza kwa moyo idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
