Kusalidwa kwa anthu komwe kumakhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro ndi zovuta zamalingaliro ndi kwanthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, mawu oti "kusalana" ali ndi malingaliro oyipa ndipo amachokera ku Greece wakale, komwe kunyozedwa kunali chizindikiro chomwe akapolo kapena zigawenga amazitcha.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu sachiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo, autism, schizophrenia, kapena matenda ena amisala bwino. M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, matenda a maganizo anali kuonedwa ngati chilango chaumulungu. Odwala analingaliridwa kukhala ogwidwa ndi mdierekezi, ndipo ambiri anawotchedwa pamtengo kapena kuponyedwa m’malo obisalamo oyambirira, kumene anamangidwira ku makoma kapena mabedi awo.
M’kati mwa Kuunikira odwala mumaganizo potsirizira pake anamasulidwa ku maunyolo awo ndipo mabungwe anapangidwa kuti awathandize, ngakhale kuti kusalidwa ndi tsankho zinafika pachimake chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri m’nyengo ya chipani cha Nazi ku Germany, pamene mazana a zikwi za odwala misala anaphedwa kapena kutsekeredwa m’mimba. .
Lero sitinadzimasuliretu kotheratu ku manyazi omwe amatsagana ndi matenda amisala. Anthu ambiri akupitirizabe kuona mavuto a m’maganizo monga chizindikiro cha kufooka ndi chochititsa manyazi. Ndipotu kusalidwa kumeneku kumakhudza anthu odwala matendawa komanso achibale awo, anzawo apamtima, ngakhalenso antchito amene amawathandiza.
Kusalidwa kwaulemu, kukanidwa kofala kwa anthu
Ngakhale achibale, abwenzi ndi anthu apamtima amatha kuvutika ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "kusalana kwaulemu". Ndizokhudza kukana ndi kunyozedwa kwa anthu omwe ali paubwenzi ndi omwe ali "chizindikiro". M'malo mwake, kusalidwa kwa munthu yemwe wakhudzidwa ndi vuto lamalingaliro kumapitilira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ubale wapabanja kapena akatswiri nawo.
Kusalidwa m’banja n’kofala kwambiri ndipo nthaŵi zambiri kumakhudza makolo, abale, mwamuna kapena mkazi, ana, ndi achibale ena a munthu amene akudwala matendawa. Koma si imodzi yokha. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku yunivesite ya Victoria adawonetsa kuti kusalidwa kwa mayanjano kumafikiranso kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito ndi magulu oponderezedwa komanso osasankhidwa. Kusalidwa kwaulemu kumakhudzanso kwambiri anthu awa. Amazindikira kuti abwenzi awo ndi achibale awo samathandizira kapena kumvetsa ntchito yawo yothandiza anthu komanso kuti akatswiri ochokera ku mabungwe ena ndi anthu ambiri amawachitira zoipa. Izi mwachiwonekere zimatha kukhudza thanzi lawo ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimawapangitsa kusiya ntchito.
Nkhani za kulakwa, manyazi ndi kuipitsidwa ndizo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimabweretsa manyazi a ulemu. Nkhani zodzipalamula zimasonyeza kuti anthu amene amagwirizana mwanjira ina ndi anthu osalidwa amakhala olakwa kapena amene ali ndi udindo woyambitsa mavuto amene anthu amakumana nawo chifukwa cha kusalanako. M'malo mwake, nkhani zoyipitsidwa zikuwonetsa kuti anthuwo ali ndi malingaliro ofanana, zikhumbo, kapena machitidwe. Mwachiwonekere awa ndi malingaliro opanda maziko omwe adafalitsidwa pakapita nthawi ndipo sitinathe kuwachotseratu anthu athu.
Mthunzi wautali wakusalana ndi kuwononga komwe kumayambitsa
Achibale amene amachitiridwa chipongwe amakhala ndi manyazi komanso amadziimba mlandu. Kaŵirikaŵiri, kwenikweni, amadziimba mlandu iwo eni chifukwa akuganiza kuti athandizira m’njira inayake kudwala kwa wachibaleyo. Amakumananso ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu, kupsinjika maganizo kowonjezereka, kuvutika maganizo, ndi kudzipatula.
Inde, kulemera kwa manyazi a ulemu kumamveka. Ofufuza ochokera ku University Columbia anafunsa makolo 156 ndi anzawo a odwala matenda amisala amene anagonekedwa kwanthaŵi yoyamba ndipo anapeza kuti theka linayesa kubisa vutolo kwa ena. Chifukwa chake? Anadzionera okha kusamvetsetsana ndi kukanidwa ndi anthu.
Kafukufuku wodabwitsa kwambiri wochitidwa pa Yunivesite ya Lund pomwe achibale 162 a odwala omwe adagonekedwa m'zipinda za odwala adafunsidwa mafunso pambuyo poti zochitika zowopsa zidavumbula kuti ambiri adakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yakusalidwa kwaulemu. Komanso, achibale 18 pa 10 alionse anavomereza kuti nthaŵi zina ankaganiza kuti wodwalayo angachite bwino akamwalira, kuti zikanakhala bwino ngati sanabadwe kapena sanakumanepo naye. XNUMX peresenti ya achibale amenewo analinso ndi maganizo ofuna kudzipha.
Ubwenzi wabwino ndi munthu wokhudzidwayo umakhalanso ndi kusalidwa kotalikirapo. Kafukufuku wotsatizana pa yunivesite ya South Florida anasonyeza kuti kusalana mwaulemu kumakhudza makolo a ana olumala mwa kuwalepheretsa kucheza ndi anthu komanso kuwachititsa manyazi. Makolo amenewa amawona chiweruzo ndi kulakwa kwa ena ponena za kulumala kwa mwana wawo, khalidwe lake kapena chisamaliro chake. Ndipo malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu amatha kukhala ndi chitsenderezo choipa pa ubale pakati pa anthu osalidwa ndi mabanja awo. Chotsatira? Thandizo lachiyanjano limene anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo amalandira limachepetsedwa.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kusalidwa kokhudzana ndi matenda amisala?
Katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu Erwin Goffman, amene anayala maziko a kufufuza za kusalana, analemba kuti "Palibe dziko, anthu kapena chikhalidwe chomwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chofanana ndi anthu opanda matenda a maganizo". Zinali ndiye chaka cha 1963. Lero tili mu 2021 ndipo pang'ono zasintha m'malingaliro otchuka.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti njira yabwino yochotseratu malingaliro amenewo, omwe amawononga kwambiri, sikuyambitsa makampeni opanda kanthu omwe amangowonjezera matumba a mabungwe otsatsa malonda ndi chikumbumtima choyera, koma kuti pali zosasangalatsa komanso zina zambiri. kuchepetsa manyazi: kukhudzana ndi omwe akhudzidwa.
Ndi nkhani yongokulitsa maso. Ngati tiganizira kuti pafupifupi 50% ya anthu adzakhala ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi matenda a maganizo m'moyo wawo - kaya ndi nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo - ndizotheka kuti timadziwa wina amene akuvutika kapena kuvutika maganizo. Ngati tidziwa za kukhalapo kwa anthuwa m'miyoyo yathu komanso mavuto omwe amakumana nawo, tidzakhala ndi chithunzi chenicheni cha kusokonezeka kwa maganizo komwe kumatithandiza kuganiziranso zomwe timakonda kuti tikhale ndi maganizo omasuka, olekerera komanso omvetsetsa.
Malire:
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Phillips, R. & Benoit, C. (2013) Kuwona Kusalidwa ndi Mgwirizano pakati pa Opereka Chisamaliro Chakutsogolo Kutumikira Ogonana. Mfundo Zaumoyo; 9 (SP): 139-151.
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Green, SE (2004) Zotsatira za kusalana pamalingaliro a amayi pa nkhani yoika ana olumala m'malo osamalirako. Soc Sci Med; 59 (4): 799-812.
Green, SE (2003) "Mukutanthauza chiyani 'chavuta ndi chiyani ndi iye?'": Kusalidwa ndi moyo wa mabanja a ana olumala. Soc Sci Med; 57 (8): 1361-1374.
Ostman, M. & Kjellin, L. (2002) Kusalidwa mwachiyanjano: zifukwa zamaganizo mwa achibale a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo. Br J Psychiatry; 181:494-498 .
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Pakhomo Kusalidwa kwaulemu, pamene kukanidwa ndi anthu kumafikira kubanja la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
