Memory ndi ntchito yovuta yachidziwitso yomwe imatilola kuti tisamangokumbukira kumene tinasiya makiyi a nyumba komanso zomwe takumana nazo pamoyo wathu, kusiyanitsa anthu omwe timawakonda ndi alendo komanso kukumbukira kuti ndife ndani komanso zomwe timakonda.
La kukumbukira kwakanthawi imakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuloweza pamtima chifukwa ndilo maziko a kuphunzira ndi kuthetsa mavuto, kutilola kusunga chidziwitso kwa nthawi yochepa, koma yokwanira kugwirizanitsa deta ndi kuwapatsa malingaliro. Chifukwa cha kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, titha kukhalabe ndi zokambirana zolumikizana kapena kutsatira njira zopangira, mwachitsanzo. Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti kukumbukira kwamtunduwu kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Wodwala amene anatilola kudziwa kuti kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kwa psychology, mawu akuti "kanthawi kochepa" kwenikweni ndi nthawi yaifupi kwambiri, kotero pali mgwirizano kuti kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhala pakati pa masekondi 15 ndi 30. Sichimatenga masiku, maola, mphindi, koma masekondi 15-30 okha.
Kodi zinatsimikiziridwa bwanji?
Akatswiri ozindikira zamaganizo adatsimikiza kuti kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kumasungidwa kwa masekondi 15 mpaka 30 pambuyo pofufuza odwala omwe ali ndi amnesia. Wodwala woyamba wolembedwa yemwe adawonetsa kukumbukira kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa adatchedwa Henry M.
Analandira chithandizo cha khunyu ali ndi zaka 20, mu 1950. Panthaŵiyo, madokotala anachotsa mbali ina ya ubongo wake kuti ayese kuchiritsa khunyu. Ngakhale kuti khunyuyo inakula, wodwalayo anavutika kwambiri ndi zotsatirapo zake: analephera kupanga zikumbukiro zatsopano zanthaŵi yaitali. M’zaka 40 zimene anakhalapo pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo, Henry M. sanakumbukirenso zachilendo za moyo wake.
Henry M. sanakumbukire zimene anachita dzulo lake ndipo sanam’zindikire dokotala amene anamuchiritsa m’zaka 40 zimenezo, koma anatha kukumbukira nambala ya telefoni n’kuibwereza kwa munthu wina, komanso kupitiriza kumuthandiza. amacheza bwino chifukwa anasunga mfundozo kwa masekondi angapo m'chikumbukiro chake asanazimiririke.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo Suzanne Corkin anayerekezera kukumbukira ndi hotelo. Titha kuwona kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa ngati malo olandirira alendo komanso kukumbukira kwakanthawi ngati zipinda za alendo. Iye analemba kuti: "Zidziwitso zimasonkhanitsidwa m'chipinda cha hotelo cha ubongo wa Henry, koma sichinalembedwe m'zipinda."
Maphunziro ena opangidwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi anterograde amnesia ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi chikumbukiro chokhazikika atsimikizira kuti kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhala pakati pa 15 ndi 30 masekondi.
Kugawikana, njira yowonjezera kukumbukira ntchito
Kufupikitsa kwa kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kumafotokozanso chifukwa chake zimativuta kukumbukira gulu la manambala kwa nthawi yayitali pokhapokha titazibwereza mobwerezabwereza m'malingaliro athu. Kubwerezabwereza kumeneko kumatsitsimula kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumawonongeka mwachangu, kotero kuti zomwe zili mkati mwake zimasowa pakatha masekondi 30 ngati sitingathe kuzikumbukira kwanthawi yayitali.
Pankhani imeneyi, kafukufuku wopangidwa pa Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer zikusonyeza kuti ntchito yokumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa imakhala yosalimba kwambiri ndipo imayamba kunyozeka pakatha masekondi khumi oyamba. Komabe, ochita kafukufukuwa amalingalira kuti ntchito ya kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa sikungotha, koma imafalikira mu neural network, kotero kuti pamapeto pake kukumbukira kumakhala kosiyana ndi kupotozedwa. M'zochita sikungakhale kutayika mumalingaliro okhwima kwambiri, koma kuti ma neuron omwe amakumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa amataya kukhazikika kwawo ndipo chidziwitsocho chimasowa ngati sichipita kukumbukira kwanthawi yayitali.
Komabe, zawonekanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IQ yapamwamba amatha kusunga zambiri mu kukumbukira kwawo kwakanthawi kochepa. Pali njira yosavuta yotchedwa "fragmentation" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe tingasunge mu kukumbukira kwathu kwakanthawi kochepa.
Njira imodzi yopititsira patsogolo luso lathu lokumbukira deta kwakanthawi kochepa ndikuyika pamodzi chidziwitsochi; kapena kuwagawa m'magawo ofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, manambala 9 ndi osavuta kukumbukira tikawagawa m’magulu atatu a anthu atatu. Zimakhalanso zosavuta kukumbukira nambala yaitali poigawa m’zigawo zazifupi, monga mmene timachitira ndi manambala a foni.
Nthawi zambiri, munthu wamba nthawi zambiri amayenera kunyamula zinthu 4 mu kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa. Koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira yogawanitsa, mutha kukumbukira zambiri.
Malire:
Barbosa, J. et. Al. (2020) Kulumikizana pakati pa zochitika zolimbikira ndi zochitika zopanda phokoso mu prefrontal cortex zimatengera kusakhazikika pakukumbukira kogwira ntchito. Nature Neuroscience; 23: 1016-1024.
Monuszko, K. (2014) Permanent Present Tense: Moyo Wosaiwalika wa Amnesic Patient, HM J Undergrad Neurosci Educ; 12(2): R3–R4.
Pakhomo Kodi kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa ndi kotalika bwanji? idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
