"Dkwa zaka zingapo ndimakhala ndi nkhawa kuti madontho amadzimadzi ochokera pakamwa pa dotolo kapena othandizira ake atha kuyambitsa matenda mabala a odwala ». Potero adayamba phunziro lotchedwa "Pogwiritsa ntchito chigoba panthawiyi"ya Pulofesa Paul Berger, dokotala wochita opaleshoni waku France, pamaso pa Paris Opaleshoni Society pa February 22, 1899.
Pamene chigoba chinabadwa
Chigoba, chizindikiro cha mliriwu mwadzidzidzi zomwe zidatipangitsa kukhala gawo lomwe tikulandila pang'onopang'ono, atatiuza kuti zilibe phindu kwa miyezi, tsopano zakhala zofunikira ngakhale pakulamula. Ndipo mwina zidzakhala choncho kwanthawi yayitali.
Kudziwa nthawi yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kovuta, koma tili ndi zisonyezo zina. Kuzungulira m'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 800 Carl Flügge, yemwe anali waukhondo ku Germany zinatsimikizira kukambirana kwachilendo imatha kufalitsa madontho kuchokera kumphuno ndi mkamwa wodzaza ndi mabakiteriya kutenga kachirombo ka opaleshoni e kutsimikizira kufunika kwa chigoba kuti mupewe.
Zogwiritsidwa kale mu Renaissance
Koma kale kwambiri kuti sayansi ya zamankhwala idazindikira kuti mabakiteriya ndi ma virus amatha kuyandama mlengalenga ndikutidwalitsa, anthu anali ndi maski okonzedwa kuti aphimbe nkhope zawo.
Christos Lynteris anena izi, mphunzitsi mu department of Social Anthropology ku University of St. Andrews, Katswiri m'mbiri ya maski azachipatala. Ndipo amapereka chitsanzo cha zojambula zina kuyambira nthawi ya Renaissance, momwe anthu amawoneka akutira pamphuno zawo ndi mipango kuti apewe matenda.
Mliri wa bubonic wa 1720
Palinso zojambula kuchokera ku 1720, omwe amajambula Marseille pachimake cha mliri wa bubonic, momwe ofukula manda amanyamula matupi ndi nsalu atakulungidwa pakamwa ndi pamphuno.
Kalelo, komabe, adachita izi kuti adziteteze kumlengalenga chifukwa, panthawiyo, ankakhulupirira kuti mliriwo unali mlengalenga, wochokera pansi. Komabe, munali mu 1897 pomwe madotolo adayamba kuvala masks oyamba kwathunthu mchipinda chochezera: chifukwa cha Mfalansa Paul Berger.
Kuchokera pa mpango kuti muzisefa
Mwachidule, ngakhale akuwoneka ngati chinthu chosavuta, zidatengera zaka zopitilira zana kuti apange zida zaukhondo izi monga omwe tikufunikira kwambiri tsopano. Koma koposa zonse kuti awathandize.
ChoyambaM'malo mwake, anali ngati mpango mpango womangidwa kumaso, ndipo sanathe kusefa mpweya. Koposa china chilichonse, amalepheretsa adokotala kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula pamabala a wodwalayo.
Masks a fyuluta opangira opaleshoni atha kufikira ena motere: kwenikweni, mliri unabuka ku Manchuria, zomwe tikudziwa tsopano kuti North China kugwa mu 1910 kupanga dokotala wotchedwa Lien-teh Wu kumvetsetsa kuti njira yokhayo yoperekera kachilomboko imafalikira mlengalenga anali zigoba zosefera.
Ndipo kotero adapanga mtundu wolimba wa yopyapyala ndi thonje, kukulunga mwamphamvu kuzungulira nkhope ndikuwonjezerapo nsalu zingapo zosefera. Kupanga kwake kunali kupambana ndipo, pakati pa Januware ndi February 1911, kupanga maski opumira kunayamba kuchuluka kwambiri, kukhala kofunikira pothana ndi kufalikira kwa mliriwo.
Chigoba cha N95 monga tikudziwira kuti chinavomerezedwa pa Meyi 25, 1972, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ukadaulo wapanga kuti zitheke kukonza zinthuzo mochulukira, kusiya zosasintha, zabwino kapena zoyipa, kapangidwe kamene kamakhalabe kofanana ndi ka Dr. Wu.
L'articolo Masks, kuchokera pa mpango mpaka kusefa: mbiri yazinthu zofunikira pamoyo wathu watsopano zikuwoneka kuti ndizoyamba Mkazi.
