Nthawi zambiri unyamata ndi nthawi yovuta. Ndi nthawi yosintha pakati pa ubwana ndi ukalamba wodziwika ndi kusintha kwa thupi, maganizo ndi chikhalidwe komwe kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu. Achinyamata amayamba kukhala ndi umunthu wawo, amalakalaka kudzilamulira ndikuyesera kupeza malo awo padziko lapansi, komabe alibe kukhwima ndipo zimawavuta kuwongolera bwino momwe akumvera. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti theka la matenda a maganizo a moyo wonse amayamba akafika zaka 14, kutanthauza kuti unyamata ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yopewera ndi kuchiza matenda a maganizo.
Thanzi la maganizo la achinyamata silinayambe kusokonezedwa
Kugwa kwa 2021, theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics ndiAmerican Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry agwirizana ndi mawu awo kulengeza zavuto lazaumoyo wapadziko lonse la ana ndi achinyamata. Ku Spain, zadzidzidzi sizinalengezedwe mwalamulo, koma zimamvekabe.
Lipoti laposachedwa kwambiri lokhudza kudzipha komanso thanzi labwino muubwana ndi unyamata kuchokera ku ANAR Foundation ndi lodetsa nkhawa. Chiwerengero cha milandu yodzipha chakula ndi 1.921,3% mzaka khumi zapitazi, makamaka pambuyo pa mliri, pomwe ofuna kudzipha adakwera ndi 128%.
Bungwe la Spanish Association of Pediatrics lachenjezanso kuti thanzi la ana ndi achinyamata latsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mliriwu usanachitike, akuti pafupifupi 20% ya achinyamata anali ndi vuto lamisala lomwe zotsatira zake zitha kukhala moyo wonse.
Komabe, m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, matenda akudya awonjezeka ndi 40%, kuvutika maganizo ndi 19% ndi chiwawa ndi 10%. Kuphatikiza apo, milanduyo ndi yowopsa, odwala amakhala achichepere ndipo amafunikira kugonekedwa m'chipatala. Pachifukwa ichi, nkofunika kuti makolo azindikire kufunika kwa thanzi la maganizo kwa achinyamata.
Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi malungo, mwina mudzachitapo kanthu mwamsanga mukafuna thandizo lachipatala, kotero ngati mutapeza mwana wanu ali wachisoni, wosakwiya, kapena wopanda chidwi ndi zochitika zomwe anali kusangalala nazo, musaganize kuti ndi gawo chabe kapena chinthu chosafunika. mukhoza kunyalanyaza popanda zotsatira zazikulu. Pankhani ya thanzi la ana athu m’maganizo, m’pofunika kuti tisamachite manyazi.
Mavuto osachiritsika amisala amasokoneza kuphunzira, kucheza ndi anthu, kudzidalira, ndi zina zofunika zachitukuko, kotero achinyamata amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo pamoyo wawo wonse. Zikafika povuta kwambiri, kusokonezeka maganizo kungachititse munthu kudzipha.
Momwe mungasamalire thanzi launyamata kunyumba?
Makolo amawopa kuyambika kwa unyamata chifukwa amayembekezera kusintha kwa maganizo ake, makhalidwe oika moyo pachiswe, ndi mikangano yosatha, koma kwenikweni ndi mwayi wokhazikitsa maubwenzi olimba. M’malo mwake, pa nthawi imeneyi makolo atha kukhala zitsanzo za kakulidwe ka maganizo ndi kuthandiza ana awo aang’ono kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zabwino zothanirana ndi vutoli zomwe zimawalola kukhala anthu odzidalira. Kodi kuchita izo?
• Khazikitsani njira zabwino za moyo wabanja
Mapangidwe ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri za kukhazikika kwa maganizo, koma zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa achinyamata omwe akupitirizabe kufunikira malire omveka bwino ndi malangizo kuti akule ndikuphunzira kudzisamalira ngati akuluakulu. Pachifukwa ichi, thanzi lamaganizo limayamba ndi moyo wabanja wokonzedwa bwino wozikidwa pa zizolowezi zabwino.
Yesetsani kupangitsa aliyense kunyumba kuti adye zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi, kuyika patsogolo zizolowezi zabwino zogona, ndikukhazikitsa njira yogona komanso yosagwirizana ndiukadaulo yomwe imathandiza aliyense kupumula ndikuwonjezeranso mphamvu. Zizolowezi zimenezi zidzakuthandizani kubweretsa dongosolo ndi kukhazikika kwa moyo wa mwana wanu ndipo zidzawathandiza kukhala bwino m'maganizo.
• Khalani ndi nthawi yabwino pamodzi
Nthawi yaunyamata ndi nthawi yofunafuna ndi kutsimikiziranso, choncho sichachilendo kuti mwana wanu azifuna kuthera nthawi yambiri ndi gulu la anzake kapena payekha. Monga kholo, muyenera kulemekeza malo ake ndikumupatsa ufulu wotulukira ndi kufufuza dziko, komanso muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yomwe mumakhala limodzi ndi yabwino.
Kupeza chilakolako chofanana ndikugawana nawo kudzakhala mwayi wokhala pamodzi popanda kukakamizidwa, kungosangalala ndi chiyanjano ndi kudziwana bwino. Zochitika zamtunduwu zimapanganso malo otetezeka komanso mwayi watsopano woti mwana wanu atsegule ndikugawana nanu mavuto ndi nkhawa zawo.
• Mulimbikitseni kuti afotokoze zakukhosi kwake
Makolo akamathandiza achinyamata kuvomereza ndi kufotokoza zakukhosi kwawo, amalimbitsa maganizo awo. Choncho, muyenera kupeza njira zolankhulirana ndi mwana wanu. Mungamupemphe kuti akuthandizeni kukonza chakudya chamadzulo kapena kukuthandizani m’mundamo kuti muzicheza limodzi. Pezani mwayi womufunsa mmene tsiku lake linayendera komanso zimene anachita.
Ngati mukuona kuti wakhumudwa, wakhumudwa kapena wakuda nkhawa, m’funseni zimene zinamuchitikira ndipo muthandizeni kulimbana ndi maganizowo. Ndikofunika kuti mwana wanu amvetsetse kuti palibe chifukwa chothawira malingaliro oipa ndi kuti njira yothetsera vutoli sikungowanyalanyaza, koma kuphunzira kuwawongolera. Zochita monga kujambula, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusunga zolemba, kapena kulankhula za zomwe zikumuchitikira ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri zotulutsira mikangano ndikupeza malingaliro atsopano pazovuta.
• Sinthani nyumba yanu kukhala malo otetezeka opanda chiweruzo
Chimodzi mwa makiyi olimbikitsa kulankhulana momasuka ndicho kukhala opanda chiweruzo. Mwana wanu ayenera kudziwa kuti mumamukonda kwambiri ndipo mumamuthandiza nthawi zonse. Ayenera kuona kuti makolo ake ndi ochirikiza kwambiri amene angadalire zinthu zikavuta.
Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kutsimikizika kwamalingaliro; ndiko kuti, peŵani chizoloŵezi chochepetsa malingaliro ake, mantha, kapena zokhumudwitsa. Mwana wanu ayenera kuona kuti akhoza kukuuzani nkhani iliyonse imene ingamukhudze kapena kukupemphani malangizo, podziwa kuti simudzawaweruza. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuvomereza zonse, koma kuti mutenge kaimidwe kachifundo ndi komvetsetsa kuti mufikire phunzirolo mwauchikulire, popanda kukalipa kapena kudzudzula pakati.
• Mphunzitseni kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono mwanzeru
N'zosatheka kuyembekezera kuti mwana wanu azikhala popanda zipangizo zamakono, koma zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri ku thanzi la achinyamata, choncho ayenera kuphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino podziteteza ku zoopsa zomwe zingabweretse. Khazikitsani nthawi kunyumba ndikukonzekera zochitika zopanda ukadaulo kuti mwana wanu amvetsetse kuti pali dziko labwino kwambiri kupitilira zowonera.
Ndikofunika kuti mumufotokozere kuti zonse zomwe amachita pa intaneti zimakhala ndi zotsatira zake, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafikira ku moyo weniweni, komanso kuti ayenera kusamala zomwe amalemba chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuzichotsa pa intaneti. Mphunzitseninso kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zachinsinsi, kutchula mitu monga kuvutitsa anthu pa intaneti, kutumizirana mameseji ndi kudzikongoletsa komanso kumuthandiza kuti asiyanitse kudzidalira kwake komanso kufunika kwake monga munthu kuchokera pa nambala ya "zokonda" kapena malingaliro omwe angapeze pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti .
• Limbikitsani kudzidalira kolimba
Mwinamwake mphatso yaikulu kwambiri imene mungapereke kwa mwana wanu ndiyo kum’thandiza kukhala wodzidalira, makamaka panthaŵi ya moyo imene kudzimva kumadalira kwambiri kuvomerezedwa ndi gulu ndi kutchuka pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
Osamangodzudzula mwana wanu akalakwitsa, mutamandenso chifukwa cha khalidwe lake labwino. Kuti matamando amenewo akhale feteleza wodzidalira, yang'anani kwambiri kuyesetsa kuposa zotsatira zake. Mukatero mwana wanu adzazindikira kuti ali ndi phindu lenileni. Kum’phatikiza m’zosankha zofunika zabanja kudzampangitsanso kumva ndi kuyamikiridwa, kum’patsa chidaliro chogwiritsira ntchito mawu ake ndi kuteteza ufulu wake m’zochitika zina kunja kwa nyumba.
• Kuthetsa kusamvana pamodzi
Paubwenzi ndi wachinyamata, makolo ayenera kudzikonzekeretsa kulimbana ndi kusiyana, mikangano ndi kulimbirana ulamuliro komwe kungabuke. Kumbukirani kuti inunso mwadutsa zaka zimenezo, choncho muyenera kukhala oona mtima komanso momveka bwino ndi mwana wanu. Mumvetsereni modekha ndi kumvetsa zosowa zake zatsopano, ngakhale ngati zimenezo sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kugonja.
Mulimonsemo, pewani mikangano yamphamvu potengera kulankhulana mwaulemu popanda kuyesa kuwongolera zomwe akuchita kapena momwe amawonera. Wachichepere sangavomereze kulakwa pamene wakwiya, chotero ndi bwino kulankhula momasuka pamene mkhalidwewo wakhazika pansi. Yesetsani kupeza mayankho opambana ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, fikani pamalingaliro omwe mwana wanu amavomereza mikhalidwe ndi maudindo ena kuti apeze ufulu wochulukirapo.
• Khalani chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe ka maganizo
Kusamalira thanzi la achinyamata kumatanthauza kuwaphunzitsa kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwika. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti makolo ayeneranso kuyamba ulendo wophunzira wokhudzidwa mtima womwe umawatsogolera kupeŵa kumenyana akakhala okwiya kwambiri kapena kukhala achifundo ndi omvetsetsana pazochitika zomwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuchita mantha kapena kupsa mtima.
Kuuza mwana wanu zakukhosi kwanu kudzakhalanso kwabwino kwa iye. Ngati mwapanikizika, adziwitseni. Sikuti kumuchulukitsira mavuto anu, koma kumupangitsa kuti amvetsetse kuti tonse timakumana ndi zovuta. Mwana wanu akawona momwe mumayendetsera malingaliro ovutawa, adzamvetsetsa kuti sikoyenera kuthawa malingalirowa, koma kuphunzira kuwawongolera, motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kudzivulaza kapena kuvutika ndi nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo.
• Phimbani nsana wanu
Ngakhale mutachita zonse zomwe mungathe kuti musamalire thanzi la mwana wanu ndi kumuteteza, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe simungathe kuziletsa. Unyamata ndi gawo lachiwopsezo chachikulu, nthawi zambiri zimatha kusiya chizindikiro chakuya chamalingaliro chomwe chimatsogolera ku kuvulala kapena kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe.
Monga kholo, ndikofunika kuti musalole kuti mukhale osamala ndikupempha thandizo kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena psychologist mutangoona zizindikiro zoyamba. Kumbukirani kuti kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti matenda amisala asakule.
Malire:
(2021) AAP-AACAP-CHA Declaration of the National Emergency in Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Mu: American Academic of Pediatrics.
(2022) The Fundación ANAR ikupereka pa Estudio sobre Conducta Suicida y Salud Mental en la Infancia y la Adolescencia en España (2012-2022). Mu: Fundación ANAR.
(2022) Mliriwu wadzetsa 47% yazovuta zamaganizidwe mwa ana. Mu: Spanish Association of Pediatrics.
Kessler, RC ndi. Al. (2005) Kufalikira kwa moyo wonse komanso kugawa kwazaka zakubadwa kwa zovuta za DSM-IV mu National Comorbidity Survey Replication.. Arch Gen Psychiatry; 62(6):593-602 .
Pakhomo Makolo, mungasamalire bwanji thanzi la achinyamata? idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
