M'moyo wathu timakhala ndi zochitika zambiri zomwe zimapanga mayiko osiyanasiyana. Timaseka ndi kulira. Timakwiya ndi kuyanjana. Timadana ndi kukonda. Zochitika izi - komanso momwe timakhalira ndikuziyika m'mitima mwathu - ndizofunikira kuti tikhale ndi thanzi labwino,kulingalira bwino ndi kukula kwaumwini.
Mu 2002, katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu Corey Keyes anapanga kafukufuku wosangalatsa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anali ndi zotsatira zosokoneza. Keyes ankadabwa kuti kutukuka kwa anthu n’chiyani komanso kuti ndi anthu angati amene zinthu zikuwayendera bwino. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti "kukula" (kukula) kumatanthauza kukhala m'njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwika ndi kuyamikira, kukula ndi kulimba mtima komwe timasunga maganizo athu.
Kukhumudwa, kumbali ina, ndi chikhalidwe chapakati chomwe mulibe matenda a maganizo monga choncho, koma timalephera kukulitsa mphamvu zathu zonse, kotero kuti tikhoza kufotokozera moyo wathu ngati "chopanda kanthu". Ndiko kumverera kwachiyimire, kusakhutira ndi kutaya mtima kwachete kapena kutula pansi udindo komwe timadzitopetsa popanda kuchita bwino pa chilichonse chofunikira.
Ntchito yake yokhudzana ndi miliri inanena kuti ku United States kokha 17,2% ya akuluakulu "amakula", 14,1% amadwala kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu, ndipo ena onse amavutika. Sizinali kuti anali ndi thanzi labwino m’maganizo, koma sanali kupita patsogolo.
Vuto ndilakuti kufowoka sikutanthauza kuima, koma kumawonjezera kuwirikiza kaŵiri mwaŵi wa kudwala matenda ovutika maganizo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zimayambitsanso kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka maganizo komanso kuchepetsa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kugwira ntchito. Choncho, si maganizo abwino pa moyo.
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati tidzafota kapena "kuphuka" monga munthu?
Mu 2011, akatswiri a zamaganizo a Barbara L. Fredrickson ndi Marcial F. Losada a ku yunivesite ya Michigan adayesanso chidwi china chokhudza "maluwa" aumunthu omwe adafunsa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingadziwike ngati tidzafowoka kapena kuchita bwino ngati munthu.
Pali chiphunzitso chakuti kutengeka kwabwino ndi kusinthika kwamalingaliro komwe kunachulukitsa mwayi wa makolo athu opulumuka ndi kubereka. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro oipa, omwe amalepheretsa zilakolako zathu kuzinthu zinazake zopulumutsa moyo, monga kumenyana kapena kuyankha ndege; malingaliro abwino amakulitsa malingaliro ndi zochita zathu zosiyanasiyana, monga kufufuza ndi kusewera, motero kumathandizira kusinthasintha kwa khalidwe.
Zoyeserera zimathandizira lingaliro ili. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku yunivesite ya Michigan adapeza kuti kukhumudwa kumachepetsa kwakanthawi malingaliro ndi zochita, pomwe malingaliro abwino amakulitsa. Choncho, ubwino wa malingaliro oipa ndi nthawi yomweyo, monga kupulumutsa miyoyo yathu, pamene ubwino wa malingaliro abwino amayamikiridwa m'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa amatithandiza kupanga maubwenzi, kupanga njira zothandizira anthu. kulimbana osinthika komanso odziwa zambiri za chilengedwe chozungulira.
Mwachitsanzo, malingaliro abwino monga chidwi ndi chidwi amatsogolera ku kufufuza kotero kuti chidziwitso chozama kusiyana ndi maganizo oipa monga kunyong'onyeka ndi kusuliza. Positivity imalimbikitsa kufufuza ndipo imapanga mwayi wophunzira pamene kusagwirizana kumalimbikitsa kupewa, kotero tikhoza kuphonya mipata yabwino yophunzira zambiri za dziko lotizungulira.
Popeza kuti malingaliro abwino amalimbikitsa malingaliro omasuka, m'kupita kwa nthawi timapanga mapu ozindikira bwino omwe ali abwino ndi oipa m'malo athu. Chidziŵitso chimenecho chimakhala chinthu chaumwini chimene tidzakhala nacho nthaŵi zonse. Ngakhale kuti malingaliro abwino amakhala osakhalitsa, zinthu zaumwini zomwe timapeza panthawi ya positivity ndizokhalitsa.
Pamene zinthuzi zikuchulukana, zimakhala ngati "nkhokwe" yomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito kuti tithane ndi ziwopsezo ndikuwonjezera mwayi wathu wopulumuka, komanso kumva bwino. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale malingaliro abwino akakhala ocheperako, amatha kuyambitsa njira zosinthika zomwe zimalimbikitsa moyo wabwino, kukula ndi kulimba.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zotsatira za malingaliro abwino zimadziunjikira ndikuphatikizana pakapita nthawi, kuti asinthe anthu, kusintha maganizo awo, kuwapangitsa kukhala ophatikizana, okhazikika, komanso okhoza kuyankha bwino pazovuta. Choncho, iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino.
Lipoti lovuta la chitukuko cha anthu
Fredrickson ndi Losada adachita mayeso angapo kwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo kuti awone chilichonse kuyambira thanzi lawo lamalingaliro mpaka kudzivomera, cholinga cha moyo, kulamulira chilengedwe, ubale wabwino ndi ena, kukula kwamunthu, kuchuluka kwa kudziyimira pawokha, komanso kuphatikizana ndi kuvomerezana ndi anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, usiku uliwonse, kwa masiku 28 otsatizana, otenga nawo mbali amayenera kuwonetsa kudzera pa intaneti zomwe adakumana nazo masana, zabwino ndi zoyipa.
Chifukwa chake adapeza kuti anthu omwe adachita bwino adakumana ndi malingaliro abwino a 2,9 pamalingaliro aliwonse oyipa.
Komabe, akatswiri a zamaganizowa amachenjezanso kuti popanda kutengeka maganizo, khalidwe lathu likhoza kusokonekera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchula zomwe amazitcha "zosayenera," zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa maluwa aumunthu.
Mwachitsanzo, Gottman adapeza kuti kusamvana kungathe kukhala gwero labwino komanso lopindulitsa la kusagwirizana kwa maanja, pomwe mawu onyansa ndi onyoza amakhala owononga kwambiri. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti si zonse zosayenera zomwe ziri zofanana "zoipa".
Choncho, kusagwirizana koyenera ndi ndemanga yofunikira, koma pokhapokha ngati ikuchitika kwa nthawi yochepa komanso pazochitika zinazake. Kumbali ina, kunyalanyaza kosayenera nthawi zambiri kumakhala mkhalidwe wokopa komanso wokhazikika womwe umalamulira moyo wathu wamalingaliro kwa nthawi yayitali, kutilepheretsa kukula.
Zowonadi, kukhazikika komwe kumatilola kuchita bwino monga munthu kuyeneranso kukhala koyenera komanso kowona. Fredrickson ndi Losada adapeza kuti maluwa amamera kapena amayamba kusweka pomwe ubalewo ufika 11,6 zokumana nazo zabwino pazochitika zilizonse zoyipa. Mfundo ndi yakuti "zochuluka", ngakhale "zabwino", sizili bwino.
M'lingaliro limeneli, kafukufuku wina wokhudzana ndi khalidwe lopanda mawu adawonetsa kuti kumwetulira kwabodza kapena kosagwirizana kumapanga zochitika zaubongo zomwezo zokhudzana ndi kukhumudwa ndikuyambitsa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima kwachilendo, kutanthauza kuti positivity yabodza ikhoza kukhala yolakwika.
Ambiri, chiphunzitso cha maluwa anthu (chiphunzitso cha chitukuko cha anthu) zimasonyeza kuti zimatengera mphamvu zomwe zochitika zabwino ndi zoipa zimasakanizidwa mu gawo loyenera. Zochita izi sizobwerezabwereza koma zatsopano komanso zosinthika kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zokhazikika; ndiko kuti, tiyenera kukwaniritsa dongosolo linalake mu chisokonezo, koma kusiya khomo lotseguka kwa latsopano.
Malire:
Fredrickson, BL & Losada, MF (2005) Positive Affect and the Complex Dynamics of Human Flourishing. Ndi Psychol; 60 (7): 678-686.
Fredrickson BL & Branigan CA (2005) Malingaliro abwino amakulitsa kuchuluka kwa chidwi ndi malingaliro - zolemba za zochita. Kuzindikira ndi Kutengeka; 19: 313-332.
Keyes, C. (2002) The mental health continuum: kuchoka pa kuzunzika kupita ku chitukuko m’moyo. J Health Soc Behav;
Rosenberg, EL ndi. Al. (2001) Kulumikizana pakati pa mawonekedwe a nkhope a mkwiyo ndi ischemia yosakhalitsa ya myocardial mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima. Chisoni; 1 (2): 107-115.
Ekman, P. et. Al. (1990) Kumwetulira kwa Duchenne: kufotokoza maganizo ndi physiology ya ubongo. J Pers Soc Psychol; 43 (2): 207-222.
Pakhomo Kuti tichite bwino ngati munthu, timafunikira zokumana nazo zitatu zabwino pazochitika zilizonse zoyipa idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
