M'mbiri yonse ndi zikhalidwe, zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana zimapereka nsembe zamwambo kuti zitetezere machimo, zoyipa komanso kulakwa kwa anthu ammudzi. Nthawi zambiri nyama idasankhidwa yomwe, ngakhale idali yosazindikira komanso yopanda mavuto am'deralo, idaperekedwa ngati "zabwino zonse".
Mwambowu umadziwika kuti mbuzi ndipo ndizochitika zamaganizidwe zomwe sizimangokhala pagulu komanso zimafikira kumagulu ang'onoang'ono monga banja. Mu fayilo ya mabanja osagwira ntchito si zachilendo kuti membala m'modzi azigwira ntchito ya mbuzi yopezera anthu. Amakhala munthu amene amakhala ndi zolakwa zonse, mwanjira ina, kulemera kwa kusakhazikika kwa banja.
Udindo wa Azazeli m'banja
Njira yotsimikizika kwambiri yosungitsira gulu logwirizana, lolamulidwa komanso lofanana ndikuwonetsa mdani wamba. Ndi njira yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi andale komanso kuyamikiridwa m'mabanja oopsa. Nthawi izi, membala amasankhidwa yemwe amakhala malo osungira banja, kukhumudwa komanso kudziimba mlandu.
Mbuzi yokometsera m'banja imagwira ntchito zazikulu ziwiri, monga zawululidwa ndi akatswiri amisala ku University of Kansas:
• Imachepetsa malingaliro am'banja omwe ali ndi liwongo chifukwa cha udindo wake pazotsatira zoyipa, zomuthandiza kuti akhalebe ndi chithunzi chake komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
• Sungani kumverera kolamulira popeza mbuzi ya Azazeli imafotokoza momveka bwino zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimawoneka ngati zosamveka pokhapokha banja litakhala ndi udindo wonse.
Mwanjira ina, mbuzi ya Azazele imatenga gawo lofunikira munkhani yomwe banja limapanga kuti lidziwonetse lokha pokhala cholandirira malingaliro, malingaliro ndi machitidwe omwe banja silimazindikira kuti ndi lake. Mbuzi ya Azazeli imakhala chida chofotokozera zolephera pabanja kapena zoyipa zina, ndikusunga chithunzi chabwino.
Munthuyu, wowonedwa ngati nkhosa zakuda, amalola banja kuganiza kuti ndi gawo labwino komanso lothandiza kuposa momwe liliri. Pakadapanda munthuyo, banja likadakhala lokwanira komanso lachimwemwe.
La Azungu m'mabanja omwe ali ndi poizoni amafotokozanso kuti munthuyu amakhala ngati valavu yothandizira kuti apatse mpata zovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira m'banjamo, kuti zisawonongeke zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano pakati pa mamembala ake zomwe zingayambitse zachiwawa.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mbuzi yoperekera m'banja?
M'mabanja, si zachilendo kuti mwana akhale mbuzi. Abambo ena ndi / kapena amayi amagwiritsa ntchito mwana wawo ngati mbuzi kuti atulutse zokhumudwitsa zawo ndikuwadzudzula chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo. Wosankhidwa akhale mdani woyamba m'banja lonse. Adzakhala munthu yemwe aliyense amamufotokozera kuti ndiye amachititsa mikangano yabanja, ngakhale atakhala kutali kwambiri ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe ubale ndi banja lake.
Nthawi zina wachibale wofowoka kapena womvera kwambiri amasankhidwa. Munthuyo sangayankhe pazoyeserera komanso manyazi, koma azikhala okonzeka kunyamula katunduyo paphewa. Nthawi zambiri ngakhale mtundu wankhanzawo umakhala woyenera kutero "kulimbitsa" munthuyo.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri membala wamphamvu kwambiri kapena wopanduka amasankhidwa chifukwa ndiomwe amayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndikutsutsana ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi poizoni. Atha kukhala membala wanzeru kwambiri m'banjamo kapena wodziyimira pawokha yemwe, mwanjira ina, angawopseze ulamuliro wa mtsogoleri. Amakhalanso anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha chilungamo kuposa ena onse m'banjamo.
Banja limamuwona ngati "wosiyana", chifukwa chake amayamba kuganiza kuti zimapweteketsa chilichonse, wopanduka komanso wosayamika. Amakhulupirira kuti membala ameneyu samayamikira "chikondi" chomwe amalandira kunyumba, chifukwa chake samaphonya mwayi woti amutsutse, kumusuliza komanso kumuimba mlandu.
Zotsatira zamaganizidwe akukanidwa komanso kudziimba mlandu
Kusankhidwa kuyambira ubwana ngati mbuzi yopezera banja nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo za moyo wonse. Chifukwa chake ndi anthu omwe samadzidalira kapena kukhulupirira ena, omwe amadziona kuti ndi achabechabe ndipo amadziimba mlandu chifukwa cha momwe ena amawachitira, kuwapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha nkhanza ndi kuwanyengerera.
Nthawi zambiri amakhalanso anthu omwe amasunga chakukhosi, chifukwa chikondi ndi kutsimikizika komwe amayenera kuti adalandira m'banjamo zidawakanidwa. Nthawi imeneyo, atha kukhala anthu omwe amakwiya muubwenzi wapakati.
Nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ngati "owombola" chifukwa, mosadziwa, amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi ngongole kwa ena, kotero kuti nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi mavuto omwe si awo ndipo amatha kudzipereka kukwaniritsa zolinga za ena ku kuwononga zosowa zawo ndi zokhumba zawo.
Kodi mungatani kuti musakhale mbuzi yabanja?
Tsoka ilo, mbuzi ya Azazeli nthawi zambiri imayimilidwa ndi mwana yemwe alibe mwayi woti adzimasule paudindo womwe wapatsidwa. Mulimonsemo, kupezeka kwa mbuzi yonyamula mbuzi m'banja kukutanthauza kuti pali zovuta zina zomwe ziyenera kuthandizidwa.
Sizachilendo kuti "nkhosa zakuda" za m'banjamo zakula msinkhu kuti zizitha kudziyimira pawokha kutuluka m'malo owopsawo. Komabe, popanda chithandizo chamankhwala kapena osadula maubale, ndizovuta kusiya kukhala mbuzi yabanja.
Njira yosiya kukhala mbuzi yoyambira sikuyambira m'banja koma mkati mwa munthu mwiniyo. Muyenera kuchotsa kudziimba mlandu ndikumvetsetsa kuti simuyenera kusenza udindo wa ena. Kukhazikitsa kudzidalira komanso kuyang'ana pamakhalidwe abwino omwe banja lanu silinawunikirepo kumakupatsani mphamvu zothanirana ndi malo oopsa.
Ndiyeneranso kukhazikitsa malire ndi banja powadziwitsa momveka bwino kuti simulandiranso udindo wa mbuzi.
Malire:
Rothschild, Z. et. Al. (2012) Zoyeserera zokhala ndi zolinga ziwiri: Kusintha chala kuti muchepetse kudziona kuti ndinu olakwa kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu. Journal of Personal and Psychology; 102 (6): 1148-1163.
Frear, G. (1991) René Girard pa Mimesis, Scapegoats, ndi Ethics. Lapachaka la Society of Christian Ethics; 12:115-133 .
Cornwell, G. (1967) Scapegoating: Study in Family Dynamics. American Journal ya Unamwino; 67 (9): 1862-1867.
Pakhomo Kukhala mbuzi yozengereza m'banja loopsa idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
