Kwa nthawi ndithu, anthu ambiri akhala akufunitsitsa kufotokoza maganizo awo. Amaona kuti afunika kupepesa pasadakhale chifukwa chonena zinthu zatanthauzo. Amawopa kuchotsedwa kuti asatsatire nkhani wamba. Mulole mawu awo asamvetsetsedwe ndikukhalabe chizindikiro kwa moyo wonse. Kuti alembetsedwe ndi adani a gulu lililonse laling'ono lomwe amakhulupirira kuti dziko lapansi liyenera kuwazungulira.
Choncho, kudziletsa kumakula ngati moto wolusa.
Komabe, kudziletsa ndi pandale zolondola nthawi zambiri amatenga mawonekedwe a "chilungamo chopondereza". Chilungamo chopondereza chimachitika tikawona kuti sitingathe kugawana malingaliro athu chifukwa chimatsutsa mfundo zomwe zili mgululi pakadali pano. Chotero timatha kuyeza liwu lililonse ku millimeter tisanalitchule, kulipima kuchokera m’mbali zonse zothekera, kusandutsa kulankhulana kukhala maseŵera a juggling pamphepete mwa lumo, kuchotseratu kulondola kulikonse.
Kodi self-censorship in psychology ndi chiyani?
Anthu ochulukirachulukira "amakonza" m'malingaliro zomwe akufuna kunena chifukwa amawopa kukhumudwitsa wina - ngakhale padzakhala wina yemwe angakhumudwe - amayesa kupeza nthawi yabwino yolankhula ndikudandaula kwambiri. za momwe ena adzatanthauzira mawu awo. Amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti anene maganizo awo ndipo amaona kuti afunika kupepesa pasadakhale. Nthawi zambiri amangodziona ngati wosafunika ndipo amadandaula ndi chilichonse chimene chingasokonezeke. Anthuwa amatha kutsekeka m'njira yodziwonera okha.
Kudziletsa ndi njira yomwe timakhala osamala kwambiri pazomwe timalankhula kapena kuchita kuti tipewe chidwi. Ndi mawu omwe ali m'mutu mwanu omwe amakuuzani kuti "simungathe" kapena "simuyenera". Simungathe kufotokoza maganizo anu, simukuyenera kusonyeza zomwe mukumva, simungatsutse, simukuyenera kutsutsana ndi njere. Mwachidule, ndi mawu amene amakuuzani kuti simungakhale chimene inu muli.
Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, kudziletsa kukuchulukirachulukira mosasamala kanthu kuti maganizo a anthu ndi apakati kapena opambanitsa chotani. Ofufuza ochokera ku mayunivesite a Washington ndi Columbia adapeza kuti kudziletsa kwachuluka katatu kuyambira m'ma 50 ku United States lero. Chodabwitsachi chafalikira kwambiri kotero kuti mu 2019 anthu anayi mwa anthu khumi aku America adavomereza kuti adzifufuza okha, zomwe zimachitika kwambiri pakati pa omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba.
Asayansi andale amenewa amakhulupirira kuti kudziletsa kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mantha kufotokoza maganizo osadziwika omwe amatha kutilekanitsa ndi achibale, abwenzi ndi odziwana nawo. Chifukwa chake, itha kukhala njira yopulumutsira chikhalidwe chapoizoni, momwe magulu osiyanasiyana amagawanika mopanda chiyembekezo pazovuta zambiri.
M'mawu okhwima otere omwe otsutsana okha amawonedwa ndipo palibe malo omveka apakati, kunena kuti cholakwika chikutanthauza kuyika chiwopsezo choti ena angakuzindikiritseni ngati gulu la "mdani" mulimonse, kuyambira katemera kupita kunkhondo. , chiphunzitso cha jenda kapena tomato wowuluka. Pofuna kupewa mikangano, kusalidwa kapena kusalidwa, anthu ambiri amangosankha kudziletsa okha.
Njira zazitali komanso zowopsa za kudziletsa
Mu 2009, pafupifupi zaka XNUMX kuchokera pamene kuphedwa kwa Nazi ku Armenia ku Turkey, komwe kale kudali gawo la Ufumu wa Ottoman, wolemba mbiri Nazan Maksudyan adasanthula kuchuluka kwa mbiri ya zochitikazi zomwe zingafikire owerenga aku Turkey lero ndikuyambitsa mkangano womwe ukuchitika mdzikolo.
Atasanthula matembenuzidwe a mbiri ya Chituruki, adapeza kuti olemba ambiri amakono, omasulira ndi akonzi adagwiritsa ntchito ndikupotoza deta, kutsekereza ufulu wopeza chidziwitso. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti ambiri a iwo anadziyesa okha, poyang'anizana ndi kuphedwa kwa anthu a ku Armenia pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, kuti apewe kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu kapena kuti apeze chivomerezo cha gulu lalikulu la anthu.
Aka si koyamba kuti zinthu ngati izi zichitike, komanso si nthawi yomaliza. Svetlana Broz, yemwe anali dokotala m’dziko limene munali nkhondo ndi nkhondo ku Bosnia, anapeza kuti anthu ambiri ankathandiza Asilamu koma ankawabisa kuti asabwezere anthu a fuko lawo. Koma iwo ankaona kufunika kwakukulu kuti afotokoze nkhani zawo.
Zoonadi, kudziletsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe anthu amaziona kuti ndi "zovuta". Mosasamala kanthu za zifukwa zodziwonera tokha, chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati sitipeza chidziwitso chomwe ena ali nacho chifukwa amadziyesa okha ndipo sagawana nawo, tonse timaphonya mwayi wozindikira mavuto ndikupeza zabwino kwambiri. yankho. Zomwe sizikukambidwa zimakhala "njovu m'chipinda" zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano ndi mikangano, koma popanda njira yothetsera.
Kudziletsa kumachokera ku "kuganiza kwamagulu," komwe kumaphatikizapo kuganiza kapena kupanga zisankho monga gulu m'njira zomwe zimalepheretsa luso la munthu payekha. Groupthink ndizochitika zamaganizidwe zomwe zimachitika pamene chikhumbo chofuna kugwirizanitsa kapena kufanana ndi chopanda nzeru kapena chosagwira ntchito. Kwenikweni, timadziyesa tokha kupeŵa kudzudzulidwa ndi kusamalidwa kosayenera. Ndipo nthawi zambiri zingaoneke ngati zanzeru.
Komabe, kudziletsa komwe kumatiponya m'manja mwa pandale zolondola zimatilepheretsa kukhala owona, zimatilepheretsa kunena mwachindunji nkhani zomwe zimatidetsa nkhawa kapena ngakhale malingaliro omwe amalepheretsa kupita patsogolo. Nthawi zambiri kumbuyo kwa mawu akuti "nkhani zofewa" kumakhala kusowa kwenikweni kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti athe kukambirana momasuka komanso kulephera kuzindikira malire ake.
Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Daniel Bar-Tal analemba: "Kudziletsa kungathe kukhala mliri umene umalepheretsa kumanga dziko labwino, komanso kumalepheretsa anthu omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kukhala olimba mtima komanso okhulupirika."
Zoonadi, kudera nkhaŵa za zochita zoipa za ena zimene zimatipangitsa kudzipenda tokha sikuli koipa kotheratu. Zingatithandize kuganiza kaŵirikaŵiri tisanalankhule. Komabe, zikhulupiriro za anthu zomwe zimapeputsa malingaliro osayenera mwa kukopa anthu kuti azidziyesa okha zingathandize kukhalira limodzi pamlingo wina, koma malingaliro oterowo adzapitiriza kukhalapo chifukwa sanayendetsedwe bwino kapena kusinthidwa, adangoponderezedwa. Ndipo chinthu chikaponderezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pamapeto pake chimakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu azibwerera m'mbuyo.
Lekani kudziletsa popanda kukhala anthu okondana
Kudzidzudzula mopambanitsa, kukhala ngati kusanthula mosalekeza malingaliro athu, mawu kapena malingaliro athu powopa kutaya kuvomerezedwa ndi gulu lathu lachitukuko kungawononge thanzi lathu lakuthupi ndi lamalingaliro.
Kulephera kugawana moona mtima malingaliro athu ndi mbali zina za moyo wathu wamkati kungakhalenso chokumana nacho chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri, kumapangitsa kudzipatula. Kudziletsa, kwenikweni, kumakhala ndi chododometsa: timadziyesa tokha kuti tigwirizane ndi gululo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo timamva kuti sitikumvetsa bwino komanso otalikirana nalo.
M’chenicheni, zawoneka kuti anthu amene amadziona kuti ndi otsika, omwe ali amanyazi kwambiri ndiponso opanda mikangano yocheperapo ndi amene amakonda kudzipenyerera ndipo ali olondola pazandale. Koma zapezekanso kuti anthuwa samakonda kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino.
M'malo mwake, kufotokoza zakukhosi kwathu kumachepetsa kupsinjika ndipo kumatifikitsa pafupi ndi anthu omwe timagawana nawo zomwe timafunikira, zomwe zimatipatsa malingaliro oti ndife ogwirizana komanso kulumikizana komwe kuli kofunikira paumoyo wathu.
Kuti tipeŵe zotulukapo zovulaza za kudzipenda popanda kudzidetsa, tifunikira kupeza kulinganizika pakati pa kufunika kolankhula mowona mtima ndi kuloŵerera m’gulu kapena malo ochezera. Sikuti nthawi zonse ndi nthawi yabwino kapena malo oyenera kukambirana, koma pamapeto pake ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo oti tithane ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudza ife ndi ena.
Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuthandizira ku luso lathu labwino, mkati mwazochita zathu, kupanga nyengo yololera ku malingaliro osiyanasiyana, popanda kugwera m'chiyeso cholembera ena, kotero kuti aliyense akhoza kukhala omasuka kufotokoza malingaliro ake. Ngati tilephera kupanga ndi kuteteza malowa okambitsirana popanda anthu kudziona ngati adani pabwalo lankhondo, tingobwerera mmbuyo, chifukwa malingaliro abwino kapena zifukwa sizidzikakamiza poletsa iwo omwe amaganiza mosiyana.
Malire:
Gibson, L. & Sutherland, JL (2020) Kusunga Pakamwa Panu: Kudziletsa Kudzifufuza ku United States. Mtengo wa SSRN; 10.2139.
Bar-Tal, D. (2017) Kudziletsa Kwambiri Monga Socio-Political-Psychological Phenomenon: Conception and Research. Ndale Psychology; 38 ( S1): 37-65,
Maksudyan, N. (2009). Mipanda Yachete: Kumasulira kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Armenia ku Turkey ndikudzifufuza. Chotsutsa; 37 (4): 635-649.
Hayes, AF et. Al. (2005) Kufunitsitsa Kudzifufuza: Chida Chomanga ndi Kuyeza kwa Kafukufuku wa Maganizo a Anthu. International Journal of Public Opinion Research; 17 (3): 298-323.
Broz, S. (2004). Anthu abwino pa nthawi zoipa. Zithunzi za kuphatikizika ndi kukana mu Nkhondo ya Bosnia. New York, NY: Nkhani Zina
Pakhomo Kodi kudziletsa ndi chiyani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani sitiyenera kubisa zimene timaganiza? idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
