M’zaka za m’ma XNUMX, katswiri wina wa maphunziro a anthu, dzina lake Bronislaw Malinowski, atapita ku zilumba za Trobriand pafupi ndi gombe lakum’mawa kwa New Guinea, anaona kuti asodzi ankachita miyambo yambirimbiri yovuta kwambiri yopita kunyanja. Komabe, iwo sanachite miyambo imeneyi kuti apite m’madzi abata a m’nyanjamo. Malinowski adatsimikiza kuti miyamboyi idapangitsa asodzi kukhala ndi chidaliro polimbana ndi mphamvu zosayembekezereka za nyanja ya Pacific.
Masiku ano miyambo yambiri ikuwoneka ngati yamatsenga kapena kuwononga nthawi, koma wafilosofi Byung-Chul Han akuwunikanso kufunikira kwa miyambo ndikuganiza kuti kukana kumathandizira kutulutsa malingaliro ochotsedwa ndi ana amasiye omwe amatikakamiza kupitiliza kufunafuna zokumana nazo zatsopano popanda konse. kumva kukhutitsidwa.
Miyambo ndi zochita zophiphiritsa. Amapereka ndikuyimira zikhalidwe ndi malamulo omwe amagwirizanitsa gulu. Amapanga gulu lopanda kuyankhulana, pomwe chomwe chilipo lero ndi kulumikizana popanda madera", akutero.
Kodi mwambo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mu psychology, miyambo imatanthauzidwa ngati mndandanda wodziwikiratu wa zochitika zophiphiritsira zomwe zimazindikirika mwamwambo ndi kubwerezabwereza zomwe zilibe cholinga chachindunji. Choncho mwambo umapangidwa ndi mndandanda wa makhalidwe omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira ndipo amatsatira ndondomeko yolondola, akubwerezabwereza nthawi.
Komabe, kwa Byung-Chul Han lingaliro lamwambo limapita patsogolo. Miyambo ingatanthauzidwe ngati njira zophiphiritsira za kukhazikitsa m'nyumba. Iwo amasintha 'kukhala m'dziko' kukhala 'kukhala kunyumba'. Amapangitsa dziko kukhala malo odalirika. Amapanga nthawi yokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, miyambo ndi nthawi yomwe imakhala mumlengalenga ", wafotokoza.
Makhalidwe ngati okhazikika a moyo
Tikukhala m'dziko limene limatiika pampanipani kwambiri kuti tipange ndi kudya. Kupanikizika kumeneko kumafulumizitsa nthawi ndikuchotsa mawonekedwe kuti ayang'ane pa chinthu chomwe chimaganiziridwa. Kutsatira nyimboyi kumatanthauza kuti tidzilowetsa mumpikisano wosinthana ndi zochitika zomwe zimatilepheretsa kukhalabe nazo komanso kusangalala nazo.
Izi zimapangitsa kusapeza bwino. Zimatikakamiza kusuntha kuchoka ku chisonkhezero chimodzi kupita ku china, kutaya maumboni omwe amapereka kukhazikika kwa moyo. Sitikhala zokumana nazo, timazidya. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zimatha kutifooketsa. Zokumana nazo zomwe timakhala zimatha kutidya.
pamene “Nthawi ilibe dongosolo lokhazikika, si nyumba koma kuyenda kosagwirizana. Zimasokonekera m'kutsatizana kosavuta kwa mphatso yosunga nthawi. Imagwa popanda kusokonezedwa. Palibe chomwe chimamupatsa mwayi. Nthawi yomwe ikuyenda popanda kusokonezedwa sikhala ", Byung-Chul Han akuchenjeza. Choncho tikhoza kuda nkhawa kwambiri kapena kutaya cholinga cha moyo.
Kumbali inayi, kwa Byung-Chul Han “Miyambo imapangitsa moyo kukhala wokhazikika. Amachikhazikitsa chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo, kubwereza kwawo ". Ndiwo machitidwe omwe, mobwerezabwereza pakapita nthawi, amakhala nangula omwe amatipangitsa kukhala omasuka. Amatilola kuti tizingokhalira kuganizira kwambiri zinthu zimene sitingathe kuchita. Monga gawo la mwambo, zinthu sizidyedwa kapena kuwonongedwa, zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Sayansi imagwirizana naye. Miyambo imabweretsa dongosolo ndi dongosolo kudziko lachisokonezo. Zimakhala chishango chogwira mtima chomwe chimatiteteza ku chipwirikiti cha zochitika zosatsimikizika.
Miyambo yanji pamlingo wamalingaliro?
Psychology yalowa muzochita za miyambo komanso kufunika kwake pakukhazikika kwamaganizidwe athu. Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku yunivesite ya Toronto adawonetsa kuti miyambo "imapusitsa" ubongo wathu kuti ukhulupirire kuti timakhazikika mumkhalidwe wokhazikika komanso wodziwikiratu kuti tithandizire kupita patsogolo komanso kutiteteza kuti tisapume.
Chinsinsi chagona ndendende m'mafomu, omwe tawataya mosavuta. Kusuntha mobwerezabwereza kumathandiza kuchepetsa kusatsimikizika poyambitsa dongosolo laumwini ndi kudzilamulira. Kutsatizana kwa mayendedwe amwambo kutsatira script yokhazikika kumapangitsa bata. Chifukwa chake, miyambo imakwaniritsa chosowa chachikulu chamalingaliro: imatipatsa kumverera kwadongosolo ndi dongosolo pamene dziko lotizungulira likuwoneka kuti likusweka.
Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri a zamaganizo a ku yunivesite ya Harvard apeza kuti miyambo yomwe imachitidwa isanayambe ntchito yodzetsa nkhawa sikuti imangochepetsa kupsinjika ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi thupi, komanso imathandizira ntchito. Choncho, miyambo siwononga nthawi koma imatithandiza kukhala odekha ndi kuika maganizo athu pa ntchito imene ili m’tsogolo, kuwongolera kachitidwe kathu.
Ndipotu, kufufuza kwina kopangidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo ku yunivesite ya Toronto kunavumbula kuti miyambo imakulolani "kuzimitsa" zochitika zamaganizo mu ubongo ngati mwalephera. Ndiko kuti, amachepetsa magwero akunja a nkhawa ndi kutiteteza ku kusatsimikizika, kuonjezera chilimbikitso ndikupewa maganizo oipa omwe amapangidwa ndi chiyembekezo cha kulephera. Choncho, miyambo imeneyi imatilimbikitsa kukhala ndi maganizo abwino ndiponso odalirika amene amatithandiza kulimbana ndi vutolo.
Ntchito ina ya miyambo ndi yakuti imatithandiza kuthetsa ululu. Kafukufuku wochitidwa pa yunivesite ya Harvard anapeza kuti miyambo imatithandiza kuchepetsa kuvutika pamene tatayika, zonse zakuthupi ndi za wokondedwa.
Ofufuzawa adayamikira kuti, ngakhale kuti pali miyambo yosiyanasiyana yomwe anthu amachita kuti athetse kutayika, chomwe chinali chofunika kwambiri chinali kubwezeretsa kulamulira komwe kunkawoneka, komwe kungawathandize kuchepetsa maganizo oipa mwa kubwezeretsa kumverera kwa kudzidalira.
Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, ofufuzawa anapezanso kuti kukhulupirira kuti miyamboyo imagwira ntchito bwino sikunakhudze mphamvu yawo yochotsera ululu. Conco, sitifunika kukhulupilila kuti miyamboyo idzatithandiza kuti tipindule. Mfungulo, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, ndikutsata mosamala njira zomwe tikudziwa ndikupereka moyo ku mwambowo.
Poganizira kufunika kwa miyambo m'moyo wathu, kungakhale koyenera kuti tiwunikenso nzeru zakale komanso miyambo yomwe imatipangitsa kumva bwino. Siziyenera kukhala miyambo yachipembedzo koma miyambo ing’onoing’ono imene imatithandiza kubweza mafomu, imatilola kuima m’dziko lotanganidwa kwambiri ndi kutipangitsa kukhala omasuka ndi osungika m’dziko. Kaya ndi mwambo wa tiyi kapena mwambo wa chisamaliro chaumwini, chofunika ndicho kupeza nthawi yosangalala ndi mwambowo popanda kuthamangira, kugwirizanitsa ndi mphindi yomanga mizati ya chitetezo yomwe tikufunikira kuti tiyang'ane ndi moyo.
Malire:
Han, B. (2020) The desaparición de los rituales. Barcelona: Wolemba Herder.
Hobson, NM et. Al. (2017) Psychology of Rituals: An Integrated review and process-based framework.
Umunthu ndi Kubwereza Psychology; 10.1177:1-25 .
Hobson, NM et. Al. (2017) Miyambo imachepetsa kuyankhidwa kwa neural pakulephera kugwira ntchito. PeerJ; 5:e3363.
Wood, A. et. Al. (2016) Osasiya kukhulupirira: Miyambo imawongolera magwiridwe antchito pochepetsa nkhawa. Njira Zowongolera Gulu ndi Njira Zosankhira Anthu; 137:71-85 .
Miyambo ya Norton, MI & Gino, F. (2014) Imachepetsa Chisoni kwa Okondedwa, Okonda, ndi Lotteries. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General; 143 (1): 266-272.
Malinowski, B. (1986) Los argonautas del Pacífico Occidental. Barcelona: Planeta Agostini.
Pakhomo Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphatikiza mwambo m'moyo wanu pompano, malinga ndi sayansi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
