A cikin 1972, da Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayyar na Amurka ya zartar da doka da ke buƙatar duk wani siyarwa ta ƙofa-ƙofa ta kasance tare da rubutacciyar sanarwa da ke sanar da mai siye haƙƙin janyewa daga sayan cikin kwanaki uku na siyarwar. An zartar da wannan doka saboda korafin mabukaci game da dabarun siyar da muggan makamai da kwangilolin ƙarami.
Masana tattalin arziƙi sun kira wannan "lokacin sanyaya," kuma zai zama mai ma'ana a yi amfani da shi ga manyan yanke shawara guda biyu waɗanda za su iya canza rayuwarmu da waɗanda tasirinsu na iya zama abin ƙyama saboda ba za mu iya sarrafa duk masu canji ba.
Menene ainihin lokacin sanyi?
Lokacin sanyin jiki kamar ɗaukar lokacin shiru ne don yin tunani kafin yanke shawara. Wannan ɗan hutu ne da muke ɗauka kafin mu faɗi abin da ya fara zuwa zuciya, lokacin da za mu yi tunani kafin mu zaɓi.
Hakanan lokacin sanyi yana nufin rashin yanke shawara kafin barci akan sa. Shin kun san cewa 75-95% na mafarkai suna da yanayin tunani?
Masana kimiyya sun ga cewa yayin da kwakwalwa ke tafiya cikin matakai daban -daban na bacci, tana fuskantar manyan canje -canje a cikin ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai da aiki. Yankunan da ke da alaƙa da motsin rai, kamar amygdala, hippocampus da cortex cingulate cortex, sun zama masu aiki musamman.
A lokacin bacci, tunanin motsin rai yana ƙaruwa, amma kuma ana kashe martanin tsoro. Wannan yana nufin cewa barcin dare yana iya rage tasirin motsin rai ta yanayi ta hanyar taimaka mana mu ga abubuwa a sarari. Don haka, barin aƙalla dare ɗaya ya wuce kafin yanke shawara mai mahimmanci shima yana aiki azaman lokacin sanyi.
Halin 2 wanda muke buƙatar amfani da wannan lokacin tunani
Duk da cewa dole ne koyaushe muyi tunani kafin muyi aiki, amfani da lokacin sanyaya yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokuta biyu, a cewar masana tattalin arziki CR Sunstein da RH Thaler:
1. Muhimman shawarwari marasa yawa. Idan ya zo ga yanke shawara ba sau da yawa muke yankewa, kamar zaɓar garin da za mu ƙaura zuwa, motar da za mu saya ko jami'a, muna buƙatar tsayawa mu yi tunani. A cikin wannan nau'in yanke shawara ba mu da ƙwarewa da yawa kuma akwai abubuwa da yawa a wasa, don haka yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da lokacin sanyaya wanda zai ba mu damar hango duk zaɓuɓɓuka da auna sakamakon.
2. Yanayin motsin rai sosai. Lokacin da muka tsinci kanmu cikin mawuyacin yanayi wanda ke haifar da martani mai zafi, kamar rashin ganewa ko a rikicin ma'aurata, yana da wahala mu yi tunani mai ma'ana kuma mun fi iya yanke shawara cikin gaggawa da za mu yi nadama daga baya. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, lokacin sanyi zai ba mu damar samun nutsuwa da dawo da ikon tunani don yanke shawara mafi kyau.
Yaya tsawon lokacin wannan lokacin sanyi zai kasance?
Lokacin sanyi zai iya ɗaukar fewan mintuna ko daysan kwanaki. Kowane mutum da kowane yanayi ya bambanta, don haka yakamata wannan lokacin tunani ya kamata ya kasance muddin ya cancanta.
Idan shawara ce mai mahimmanci, zaku iya jinkirta dakatarwar na kwanaki ko ma makonni. Wannan zai ba ku lokaci don tattara duk bayanan da kuke buƙata har sai kun sami tabbaci wajen yanke shawara. Idan kuna cikin yanayin rikice-rikice wanda ya haifar da motsin zuciyar ku, lokacin sanyi ya kamata ya kasance muddin yana buƙatar dawo da ikon motsin zuciyar ku.
Yana da kyau a fayyace cewa wannan lokacin tunani ba zai iya zama uzuri don jinkirtawa ko nisantar yanke shawara ba. Ba lokaci ne da za a manta wata matsala ko rikici ba, amma don yin tunani kan musabbabin ta, madadin ta da sakamakon ta.
Dauki lokaci don yin tunani, kwantar da hankalin ku kuma ɗauki abin da ya dace nesa na hankali zai taimaka mana mafi kyawun kimanta zaɓin mu da hasashen sakamakon ƙudurin mu. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa ba za mu yi kuskure ba, amma aƙalla za mu yanke shawararmu tare da sanin haƙiƙanin gaskiya da sanin duk abubuwan da abin ya ƙunsa.
Lokacin sanyin ba garanti bane na nasarar yanke shawara, amma wani nau'in kariya ne daga son rai da rashin hankali. Kawai yana hana iri na tuba girma a nan gaba.
Kafofin:
Sunstein, CR & Thaler, RH (2008) Yana da ban sha'awa. Madrid: Taurus.
Van der Helm, E. & Walker, MP (2009) Maganin Farko? Matsayin Barci a Tsarin Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Psychol Bull; 135 (5): 731–748.
Levin, R. & Nielsen, T. (2009) Mafarki mai ban tsoro, mafarkai mara kyau, da ɓarnawar motsin rai: Bita da sabon samfurin neurocognitive na mafarki. Jagoran Gaggawa a Kimiyyar Kimiyya18 (2): 84–88.
Entranceofar Lokacin kwantar da hankali, makamin sirri don kada ku yi nadamar yanke shawara aka fara bugawa a cikin Kusurwa na Ilimin halin dan Adam.
