Idan da ace dukkanmu munyi kyau kuma munada hankali kamar yadda muke tsammani, duniya zata kasance mafi kyaun wuri. Matsalar ita ce, tasirin Wobegon ya shiga tsakanin fahimtarmu game da kanmu da gaskiyar.
Tafkin Wobegon birni ne mai kirkirarren labari wanda yawancin haruffa ke zaune saboda duk mata suna da ƙarfi, maza kyawawa kuma yara sunfi wayo kyau. Wannan birni, wanda marubuci kuma mai ba da dariya Garrison Keillor ya kirkira, ya ba da sunansa ga tasirin "Wobegon", nuna wariyar fifiko wanda aka fi sani da fifikon ƙeta.
Menene tasirin Wobegon?
Ya kasance 1976 lokacin da Hukumar Kwalejin ta ba da ɗayan samfuran samfuran fifiko na fifiko. Daga cikin miliyoyin ɗaliban da suka ɗauki jarabawar SAT, kashi 70% sun yi imanin sun fi matsakaita, wanda yake, a lissafin, ba zai yiwu ba.
Bayan shekara guda, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Patricia Cross ya gano cewa bayan lokaci wannan ƙwarewar ilimin zai iya ƙara muni. Ta hanyar yin hira da furofesoshi a Jami'ar Nebraska, ya gano cewa kashi 94% suna tunanin ƙwarewar koyarwarsu ta kasance 25% mafi girma.
Sabili da haka, sakamakon Wobegon zai zama halin tunanin cewa mun fi wasu, mu sanya kanmu sama da matsakaita, muna gaskanta cewa muna da halaye masu kyau, halaye da ƙwarewa yayin da muke rage marasa kyau.
Marubuci Kathryn Schulz ya bayyana wannan fifikon fifiko a lokacin tantance kai: "Da yawa daga cikin mu suna rayuwa ne muna zaton muna da asali, kusan a kowane lokaci, game da komai: abubuwan da muka yi imani da su na siyasa da na ilimi, addininmu da dabi'unmu, hukuncin da muke yanke wa wasu mutane, abubuwan da muke tunawa, da fahimtar abubuwan da muke ciki Ko da lokacin da muka tsaya muka yi tunani game da shi sai mu ga kamar wauta ce, yanayinmu na dabi'a yana tunanin cewa muna kusan sanin komai ”.
A zahiri, tasirin Wobegon ya faɗaɗa kowane fanni na rayuwa. Babu abin da ya tsere daga tasirinsa. Muna iya tunanin cewa mun fi sauran mutane gaskiya, masu hankali, masu azama da karimci.
Wannan nuna fifiko na fifiko na iya har zuwa dangantaka. A cikin 1991, masana halayyar dan Adam Van Yperen da Buunk sun gano cewa yawancin mutane suna tunanin cewa alaƙar su ta fi ta wasu kyau.
Rashin son kai ga shaidu
Sakamakon Wobegon nuna bambanci ne na musamman. A zahiri, wasu lokuta mukan ƙi buɗe idanunmu har ma da shaidar da ke nuna cewa ƙila ba mu da kyau ko kuma hankali kamar yadda muke tsammani.
A cikin 1965, masana ilimin halayyar dan Adam Preston da Harris sun yi hira da direbobi 50 a asibiti bayan hatsarin mota, 34 daga cikinsu suna da alhakin hakan, bisa ga bayanan 'yan sanda. Sun kuma yi hira da direbobi 50 da cikakkiyar kwarewar tuki. Sun gano cewa direbobin kungiyoyin biyu sun yi tunanin kwarewar tuki ta wuce matsakaita, har ma da wadanda suka haddasa hatsarin.
Kamar dai muna ƙirƙirar hoton kanmu ne wanda aka kafa a dutse wanda yake da matukar wahalar sauyawa, koda kuwa a kan babbar hujja cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba. A zahiri, masana ilimin kimiyar jijiyoyi a Jami'ar Texas sun gano cewa akwai wani ƙirar ƙirar ƙira da ke goyan bayan wannan ƙididdigar ƙimar kanmu kuma ya sa mu yanke hukunci kan halayenmu fiye da na wasu.
Abin sha'awa, sun kuma gano cewa damuwar hankali na kara irin wannan hukuncin. A wata ma'anar, yayin da muke cikin damuwa, mafi girman halin karfafa imaninmu cewa mun fi. Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan juriya a zahiri tana aiki azaman hanyar kariya don kare darajar kanmu.
Lokacin da muke fuskantar yanayi waɗanda ke da wahalar gudanarwa da daidaitawa da hoton da muke da shi na kanmu, zamu iya amsawa ta hanyar rufe idanunmu ga shaidar don kar mu ji daɗi sosai. Wannan tsarin a karan kansa bashi da matsala domin yana iya bamu lokacin da muke bukatar aiwatar da abin da ya faru kuma canza hoton da muke da shi na kanmu don ganin ya zama mai gaskiya.
Matsalar tana farawa lokacin da muka jingina ga wannan fifiko na ƙeta da ƙin yarda da kuskure da kurakurai. A irin wannan halin, wadanda abin yafi shafa su ne kanmu.
A ina ne ake nuna wariyar fifiko?
Mun taso a cikin al'ummar da ke gaya mana tun muna ƙanana cewa mu "na musamman" ne kuma galibi ana yaba mana don ƙwarewarmu maimakon nasarorinmu da ƙoƙarinmu. Wannan shine ya kafa fagen samar da gurbataccen hoto game da cancantarmu, da yadda muke tunani, ko kuma abubuwan da muke da su.
Abu mai ma'ana shine cewa yayin da muke balaga zamu haɓaka hangen nesa mai kyau akan iyawarmu kuma muna sane da gazawarmu da kuma gazawarmu. Amma ba koyaushe lamarin yake ba. Wani lokaci son zuciya na fifiko yakan samo asali.
A zahiri, dukkanmu muna da halin ganin kawunanmu ta hanyar da ta dace. Lokacin da suka tambaye mu yadda muke, za mu nuna kyawawan halayenmu, ƙimmu da ƙwarewarmu, don haka idan muka kwatanta kanmu da wasu, za mu ji daɗi. Yana da al'ada. Matsalar ita ce, wani lokacin son kai na iya yin wayo, wanda ke tunzura mu mu sanya fifiko kan damarmu, halayenmu da halayenmu fiye da na wasu.
Misali, idan muka fi kowa iya zama da mutane, zamu iya samun damar yin tunanin cewa zaman tare wata dabi'a ce mai matukar mahimmanci kuma zamu wuce gona da iri a cikin rayuwa. Hakanan yana yiwuwa, kodayake muna da gaskiya, za mu ƙara girman gaskiyarmu yayin kwatanta kanmu da wasu.
A sakamakon haka, za mu yi imani da cewa, gabaɗaya, muna sama da matsakaita saboda mun haɓaka a matakan mafi girma waɗancan halaye waɗanda ke “kawo canji” a rayuwa.
Wani binciken da aka gudanar a jami’ar Tel Aviv ya bayyana cewa idan muka kamanta kanmu da wasu, ba ma amfani da ka’idar kungiyar, sai dai mu fi maida hankali kanmu, wanda hakan zai sa mu yarda cewa mun fi sauran mambobin.
Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Justin Kruger ya samo a cikin karatunsa cewa "Waɗannan ra'ayoyin na nuna cewa mutane 'suna' kansu ne a cikin kimar iyawar su kuma 'daidaita' yadda ya kamata don kar ayi la'akari da ƙwarewar ƙungiyar kwatancen". A wasu kalmomi, muna kimanta kanmu daga hangen nesa mai zurfin kai.
Superiorarin mafifici na ruɗi, ƙasa da haɓaka
Lalacewar tasirin Wobegon na iya haifar da fiye da duk wani fa'idar da zai kawo mana.
Mutanen da suke da wannan son zuciya na iya yin tunanin cewa ra'ayinsu ne kaɗai masu inganci. Kuma saboda suma sunyi imanin cewa sun fi wayo hankali, sun ƙare da jin komai wanda bai dace da ra'ayinsu na duniya ba. Wannan halin yana iyakance su saboda yana hana su buɗewa ga wasu ra'ayoyi da damar.
A ƙarshe, sun zama masu taurin kai, masu son kai da rashin haƙuri waɗanda ba sa saurarar wasu, amma suna manne da koyarwar su da hanyoyin tunani. Suna kashe tunani mai mahimmanci wanda zai basu damar yin atisaye cikin zurfin tunani, don haka suka ƙare da yanke shawara mara kyau.
Wani binciken da aka gudanar a Jami'ar Sheffield ya kammala da cewa ba mu guje wa tasirin Wobegon ko da muna rashin lafiya. Waɗannan masu binciken sun tambayi mahalarta su kimanta yadda sau da yawa su da takwarorinsu ke tsunduma cikin ƙoshin lafiya da rashin lafiya. Mutane sun ba da rahoton shiga cikin halaye masu kyau sau da yawa fiye da matsakaita.
Masu bincike a Jami'ar Ohio sun gano cewa da yawa daga cikin marasa lafiya masu cutar kansa suna tunanin za su wuce yadda ake tsammani. Matsalar, a cewar waɗannan masana halayyar ɗan adam, ita ce wannan amincewa da begen sun sa shi sau da yawa “Zabi magani mara inganci da nakasawa. Maimakon tsawaita rayuwa, wadannan jiyyayoyin na rage ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya da raunana ikonsu da na iyalansu don shirin mutuwarsu. "
Friedrich Nietzsche yana magana ne akan mutanen da suka makale a cikin tasirin Wobegon ta hanyar fassara su "Bildungsphilisters". Da wannan yake nufi wadanda ke alfahari da iliminsu, gogewarsu da kwarewarsu, koda kuwa a zahiri wadannan suna da iyakantuwa saboda sun dogara ne akan binciken kai tsaye.
Kuma wannan yana daga cikin mabuɗan iyakance son zuciya na fifiko: haɓaka halin bijirewa kan mutum. Maimakon mu gamsu kuma mu gaskata cewa mun fi ƙarfin matsakaici, ya kamata muyi ƙoƙari mu ci gaba da girma, ƙalubalantar imaninmu, dabi'u da hanyar tunani.
Don wannan dole ne mu koyi kwantar da hankula don fitar da mafi kyawun fasalin kanmu. Kasancewa cewa son zuciya na fifiko ya ƙare ta hanyar ba da jahilci, jahilcin da ya motsa wanda zai fi kyau kubuta daga gare shi.
Kafofin:
Wolf, JH & Wolf, KS (2013) Tasirin Lake Wobegon: Shin Duk Marasa Ciwon Cutar Cancer Ne Sama Da Matsakaici? Milbank Q; 91 (4): 690-728.
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Kruger, J. (1999) Tafkin Wobegon ya tafi! «Arfin «ƙarancin matsakaici» da yanayin son kai na hukunce-hukuncen iya kwatantawa. Journal of Hali da kuma Social ilimin halin dan Adam. 77(2): 221-232.
Van Yperen, N. W & Buunk, BP (1991) Kwatancen Magana, Kwatancen Dangantaka, da Hanyar Musayar: Dangantakar su da Gamsarwa ta Aure. Hali da kuma Social ilimin halin dan Adam Bulletin; 17 (6): 709-717.
Gicciye, KP (1977) Ba zai iya ba amma za a inganta malaman kwaleji? Sabbin Fannoni don Ilimi Mai Girma; 17:1-15.
Preston, CE & Harris, S. (1965) Ilimin halin dan Adam na direbobi a cikin haɗarin motoci. Journal of Psychology Applied. 49(4): 284-288.
Entranceofar Tasirin Wobegon, me yasa muke tunanin mun fi matsakaita? aka fara bugawa a cikin Kusurwa na Ilimin halin dan Adam.
