Asalin al'adu na ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaiku suna darajar keɓantacce da bayyana kai. Suna ƙarfafa mutane su zama na musamman kuma su bambanta kansu, ko aƙalla wannan shine sakon. Amma… da gaske suke?
Mun yi tunanin cewa waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin al'adun gama gari - waɗanda ke jaddada mahimmancin ƙungiyar akan mutum ɗaya kuma suna darajar dogaro da juna - sun fi dacewa su dace da nau'ikan halaye na al'ada fiye da mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu, kamar United Jihohi.
Lallai, gabaɗaya muna ɗauka cewa bin ka'idojin zamantakewa muhimmin abu ne na rayuwa a cikin ƙasashe masu ra'ayin jama'a, irin su Sin. Koyaya, akwai keɓantacce mai ban mamaki ga wannan ƙa'idar: mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin al'ummomin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun mutane suna bin ƙa'idodin motsin rai na al'adarsu.
Halin halin mutuntaka na tunanin al'adu
Muna rayuwa a cikin al'umma, don haka bayyane da fayyace dokoki ko da yaushe suna da tasiri a kanmu, ko da mun ƙi yarda da shi. Kamar yadda masanin ilimin zamantakewa Serge Moscivici ya ce: "Mutane suna yin la'akari da tasirin da zamantakewar zamantakewa zai iya samu a kan halayensu da halayensu, don haka ana iya yin tasiri a fakaice da rashin sani".
A cikin gwaji na yau da kullun da Solomon Asch ya yi, an lura cewa yawancin mutane suna shirye su karɓi amsar da ba ta dace ba a sarari don kada su yi adawa da ƙungiyar. Tasirin zamantakewa yawanci yakan sami hanyar kutsawa ciki da lankwasa nufin da kuma wani lokacin ma dalilin mutum.
Nazarin da aka gudanar aCibiyar Fasaha ta Isra'ila ya bayyana cewa, akasin abin da muke tunani, al'adun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗai suna matsa lamba ga membobinsu don su bi ƙa'idodin tunani; wato sun fi kafa daidai nau'ikan motsin rai da ake ganin karbabbu ne da kyawawa a cikin al'umma.
Wadannan masu binciken sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje guda hudu don nazarin matakin ɗabi'a da kuma bin ƙa'idodin tunani a cikin al'adu daban-daban. Sun ƙididdige motsin rai har 60 daban-daban kuma sun yi aiki tare da kusan mutane 100.000 daga ƙasashe 48, gami da yara.
Duk da yake akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin sakamakon, masu binciken sun sami wasu daidaitattun alamu. Babban abin da aka gano shi ne cewa akwai ƙarin 'daidaituwar motsin rai' a cikin al'adun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun jama'a fiye da na gamayya, duka a cikin manya da yara. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mutum ɗaya, motsin zuciyar kowane mutum ya fi kama da na ɗan ƙasa. A wasu kalmomi, an sami ƙasa yanayin tunanin mutum da ƙarin yarda da motsin rai.
Me yasa mutane a cikin ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suke nuna daidaiton tunani?
Daidaiton motsin rai shine matakin da mutum zai iya canza motsin zuciyarsa da maganganunsa don dacewa da ƙa'idodin wani mutum ko rukuni. Babu shakka yawancin waɗannan dokokin suna aiki a fakaice, suna jagorantar jihohin mu masu tasiri ba tare da sanin su ba.
Yayin da ake ɗaukar motsin rai a matsayin furci na ingantacciyar kai a cikin dukkan al'adu, waɗanda ke ɗaukar ƙarin ra'ayi na ɗaiɗaiku suna ba da fifiko ga irin wannan gaskiyar. Sabanin haka, "Ƙarin nauyin da aka sanya akan abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum, mafi girman matsa lamba don dacewa da motsin zuciyar da ake so na zamantakewa na iya zama," masu bincike sun lura.
Ƙasar da ke da mutuƙar ɗabi'a kamar Amurka, alal misali, tana mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwan da mutum ya samu kuma yana ba da babbar ƙima ga "farin ciki," wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin matsin lamba don yin farin ciki fiye da al'adun gama gari. Kuma mun riga mun san haka matsin lamba don yin farin ciki sau da yawa yana da kishiyar sakamako: zurfin rashin gamsuwa da takaici.
Bugu da ƙari, mutane a cikin al'adun ɗaiɗaikun ɗabi'a suna iya bayyana motsin zuciyar su a cikin hulɗar yau da kullun, wanda zai iya ƙara matsa lamba don bin ƙa'idodin zamantakewa game da yadda ya kamata su ji.
A gaskiya ma, mutanen da suka girma a cikin al'adun mutum-mutumi suna da matukar bukatar ganin kansu da kyau, kamar yadda binciken da aka gudanar a Jami'ar ya nuna. British Columbia, wanda ya gano haka "Buƙatar kyakkyawan girman kai, kamar yadda aka tsara a halin yanzu, ba duniya ba ce, amma ya samo asali ne daga muhimman al'amuran al'adun Arewacin Amirka."
Hanya ɗaya don ganin kanka a cikin haske mai ban sha'awa ita ce kiyaye kyakkyawar alaƙar zamantakewa, wanda ke sa mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin al'adun mutum-mutumi sun fi sauƙi ga irin wannan matsin lamba na zamantakewa akan motsin zuciyarmu. Ainihin, idan suna son samun nasara, karbuwar zamantakewa da inganta su, dole ne su dace da yanayin tunanin da al'umma ta gina.
A gefe guda kuma, komai yana nuna cewa al'adun gama gari suna barin membobinsu ƙarin 'yanci don sanin duniyar tunaninsu saboda ba sa matsawa sosai kan abin da ya kamata su ji, sun gwammace su mai da hankali kan ƙarin abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda ke tabbatar da ranar-zuwa. - ranar aiki na al'umma.
Babban matsala tare da daidaituwar motsin rai da aka inganta a cikin al'adun mutum-mutumi shine cewa yana da sauƙi mu rasa hulɗa da duniyarmu ta ciki, saboda an tilasta mana mu rufe motsin zuciyar da ba a yarda da jama'a ba. Don haka muna ƙare koyaushe nuna murmushin tilastawa, muna gina abin rufe fuska wanda ke nuna kawai abin da aka yarda da jama'a, yayin da muka daina bincika waɗannan motsin zuciyar da aka ƙi.
Amma motsin zuciyar da ba a bayyana ba na iya kawo ƙarshen tushe, haifar da babbar illa ga ma'aunin tunani da lafiyar kwakwalwarmu. Kamar yadda Sigmund Freud ya rubuta: "Mummunan motsin rai ba ya mutuwa, an binne su da rai kuma za su fito ta hanya mafi muni".
A taƙaice, idan ana maganar ɗabi’a, bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da suka fito daga al’adun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun sun fi bambanta kuma ba su da yuwuwar bin ka’idojin zamantakewa, amma idan ana maganar motsin rai, labarin ya bambanta sosai.
Kafofin:
Vishkin, A. da. Al (2022) Riko da ƙa'idodin motsin rai ya fi girma a cikin al'adun mutum-mutumi fiye da al'adun gama gari. Journal of Hali da kuma Social ilimin halin dan Adam; 10.1037.
Heine, SJ da. Al. (1999) Shin akwai bukatu na kowa da kowa don kyautatawa kai? Nazarin Psychological; 106 (4), 766-794.
Entranceofar Daidaiton motsin rai, yadda ƙungiyoyin ɗaiɗaikun jama'a ke lalata duniyarmu mai tasiri aka fara bugawa a cikin Kusurwa na Ilimin halin dan Adam.
