Nzanga yemazuva ano, nezvose zvayo zvinodikanwa, zvisungo, kupengereka uye mabasa, yazova nzvimbo yekukura kwezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zveutano hwepfungwa. Denda iri rangowedzera mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kusurukirwa kwaitonga panguva yekuvhara, kutya kutapuriranwa, kutambura kwevadikani vakafa, kusagadzikana kwehupfumi, kupindira mumaitiro emazuva ese uye mutoro wekuramba Covid wakaunza kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kusvika padanho risati ramboitika.
Nguva pfupi yadarika, World Health Organisation yakadana nyika dzakasiyana kuti dzitore matanho ekuvandudza kuchengetwa uye kuwana mabasa epfungwa, pamberi pezvainoti idambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa. Mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa muItaly haana kunyanya kusiyana. Kushungurudzika mupfungwa kwakawedzera.
Masangano gumi eSainzi emuItaly akatoridza mhere, zvichiratidza kuti hapana kungodzikira kwehutano hwepfungwa, asi kuti nyika zvakare ine matambudziko mukuvimbisa mashoma masevhisi. Dambudziko nderekuti kana masevhisi epfungwa uye epfungwa asina kukwana, hazvigoneke kuita kukurumidza kupindira kunodzivirira vanhu kubva pakubata pasi mupfungwa.
Utano hwepfungwa muItaly hunodzikira
Maererano ne Mental Hutano Index muEurope, Italy yaive nyika yechipiri yakanyanya kukanganiswa padanho repfungwa nedenda, inopfuudzwa neUK chete. Munguva yekuvharirwa, 88,6% yehuwandu yakashuma zviratidzo zvekushushikana.
Vazhinji vakwanisa kupora, asi dambudziko redenda iri rakonzera kusagadzikana kutsva kwepfungwa kana kuwedzera kwagara kuripo: semuenzaniso, tsvakiridzo yakaitwa neIstituto Superiore di Sanità nguva pfupi yapfuura uye mushure mekuvharwa kwakaratidza kuti. chiitiko chezviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo chakawedzera ne5,3%, zvichibata vanenge 4 kubva ku10 vokuItaly.
Kusachengeteka nezveramangwana, kushushikana kwemari, kutya uye kushushikana zvinogona kuitawo kuti vanhu vasina kusimba mupfungwa vafunge nezvekuzviuraya. Yekutanga data kubva kubazi rezvehutano inoratidza kuti 2020 vanhu vakazviuraya muItari muna 20.919, kuwedzera kwe3,7% zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura.
Pakazere, zviitiko zvakaonekwa nekushushikana, kushushikana uye kumwe kusagadzikana kwepfungwa zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakakura ne30% kubva padenda. Muna 2021 Italy yaive nyika yechinomwe muEuropean Union mukuwanda kwekunetsekana kwepfungwa.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kujekeswa kuti kuora kwehutano hwepfungwa hakuiti nguva dzose kunokonzera kukanganisa kwepfungwa saizvozvo. Dzimwe nguva inozviratidza mune dzimwe nzira dzisinganzwisisiki. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vanoreurura kuti vanonzwa zvakanyanya "kuneta" pabasa. 28% vanonetseka kuisa pfungwa dzavo, 20% vanobvuma kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti vapedze basa ravo, uye 15% vanotaura matambudziko ekufunga, kuratidza kana kuita sarudzo.
Zvinosuruvarisa, vana nevaduku ndivo vanonyanya kukanganiswa. Denda iri rakawedzera kusasimba kwavo, zvichidzikamisa zvakanyanya chiitiko chakakosha pamazera aya: kushamwaridzana. Zvino sezvo dambudziko rekukurumidzira richinge rapera, matambudziko aya ave kubuda pachena, saka ndiyo nguva yekudzosera zvidimbu zvakatyoka pamwe chete.
Ongororo yakaitwa neGurantor Authority for Childhood and Adolescence neNational Institute of Health (ISS) yakaratidza kuti kune "chaiyo 'hutano hwepfungwa emergency' nekuda kwekuwedzera kunoramba kuchikwira kwezvikumbiro kubva kune vadiki munzvimbo ino. Muchokwadi, nyanzvi dzakataura kuwedzera kwekunetseka kwakatoonekwa uye kutanga kwekunetseka kutsva muzvidzidzo zviri munjodzi ".
Iyo Mental Health Observatory muItaly yakasimbisawo chimwe chinhu chinoshungurudza: kuwedzera hutsinye. Ongororo yekuchinja kwepfungwa kunoenderera muvanhu vakakunda Covid kunoratidza kuti kutya, hutsinye uye kushatirwa zvinowanzoitika mushure mekutapukirwa.
Zviri pachena kuti kuchinja kwega kwega kunobata hutano hwevanhu, saka "Data rekutanga rinoratidza kuti hutsinye kunze kwemba uye mukati memhuri huri kukura zvakanyanya". Nekuda kweizvozvo, denda rinogona kutipa isu nzanga ine chisimba inoratidzirwa nechisimba chakakura chemunhu.
Kunyanya kunetseka nezvehutano hwepfungwa muItari, asi mashoma masevhisi
Ongororo yakaitwa neIpsos yakaratidza kuti makumi mashanu neina muzana evaItaly vanoona kudzikira kwehutano hwepfungwa nekuda kwedenda. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti maonero ehutano hwepfungwa ari kuchinja, achibvisa maitiro ekare.
Paavhareji, 79% yevaItaly vanoisa kukosha kwakaenzana kuhutano hwavo hwemuviri nepfungwa. Uyezve, 51% vanobvuma kuti vanowanzofunga nezvekugara kwavo zvakanaka mupfungwa. Tsika yekufunganya nezvehutano hwepfungwa yakakura pakati pevechidiki vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, nepo avo vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu vanowanzo nyanya kunetseka nezve yavo yemoyo.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kukosha kwehutano hwepfungwa uye kuhusunungura kubva kune marudzi ose echiseko kuitira kuti vanhu vatsvage rubatsiro matambudziko asati awedzera. Asi zvinodiwawo kuve nerubatsiro rwakakodzera rwerutsigiro.
Zvakaonekwa kuti, nepo matambudziko epfungwa achiwedzera, masevhisi ehutano hwepfungwa ari kudzikira, izvo zvanga zvisiri zvekutanga pamberi pedenda. MuItaly munongova ne3,3 nyanzvi dzepfungwa pavagari ve100.000 voga voga, chiverengero chinonetsa chinovanza chaizvoizvo chando cheperevedzo uye kushushikana mupfungwa.
MuEurope, nyika dzine mari dzakafanana neItaly dzine vangangosvika gumi vanachiremba vepfungwa pavagari 10 voga voga vari muzviremera zvehutano hweveruzhinji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanodyara mari yakapetwa katatu seItaly mumabasa ehutano hwepfungwa.
Ndizvozvo, Italy inogovera chete 3,5% yemari yehutano kuhutano hwepfungwa, zvichienzaniswa ne12% yeavhareji yeEurope. Asi izvo, makumi maviri muzana evaItaly vanoziva kuti vane dambudziko rekuwana veruzhinji hutano hwepfungwa.
Bhonasi yePsychologist: Hapana hutano husina hutano hwepfungwa
Il bhonasi yepfungwa i "Mupiro wekutsigira mutengo we psychotherapy sessions", homwe yerubatsiro rwepfungwa yakapihwa neAid Decree bis. Ministry of Health inoratidza kuti zvinoreva "Tsigirai mari yerubatsiro rwepfungwa yeavo, munguva yakaoma yedenda uye dambudziko rehupfumi rakabatana, vaona kuwedzera kwemamiriro ekuora mwoyo, kusagadzikana, kushushikana uye kusagadzikana kwepfungwa".
Kunyangwe pasina mubvunzo chiyero chisina kukwana chekudzivirira nekuchengetedza hutano hwepfungwa pamwero wakakura, inogona kubatsira kuderedza mhedzisiro yepfungwa yakasiiwa nedenda. Chikumbiro chinogona kuendeswa nemagetsi kubva 25 Chikunguru kusvika 24 Gumiguru 2022, pane INPS webhusaiti.
Rubatsiro urwu rwakaitirwa vanhu vane Isee isingapfuure zviuru makumi mashanu emaeuro, kunyangwe ichipa akati wandei erubatsiro:
1. NeIsee isingasviki zviuru gumi nezvishanu zvemaeuro, huwandu hwepamusoro hwebhenefiti i15 euros pamubatsiri.
2. NeIsee pakati pe15 ne30 zviuru zveeuro, iyo yakawanda mari yakagadzwa i400 euros kune mumwe nemumwe anowana.
3. NeIsee pamusoro pe30 zviuru uye isingadariki zviuru makumi mashanu zveeuro, huwandu hwekubatsira hwakaenzana ne50 euros kune mumwe nemumwe anobatsirwa.
Pabasa racho, INPS ichagadzira chinzvimbo chinozofunga nezveISEE asiwo kurongeka kwekuuya kwezvikumbiro. Kana kodzero yebhonasi yepfungwa ichizivikanwa, mupiro unogona kushandiswa kusvika ku50 euros pamusangano wega wega we psychotherapy, uye inobhadharwa kusvika pahuwandu hwakapiwa.
Iye anobatsirwa anogashira yakasarudzika yakabatana kodhi, kuti iunzwe kune nyanzvi uko musangano we psychotherapy unoitwa. Mari yacho inofanira kushandiswa mukati menguva yakareba yemazuva 180 kubva pakugamuchirwa kwechikumbiro, mushure memazuva ekupedzisira aya code ichabviswa.
Pakupedzisira, zvakakosha kujekesa kuti chiremba wepfungwa anotarisira zvikamu anofanira kunyoreswa muRejista yePsychologists. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti iwe uri nyanzvi ine ruzivo uye inokwanisa. Iyo psychologist bhonasi inogona zvakare kushandiswa mu online psychotherapy zvikamu, semuenzaniso kuburikidza ne Unobravo online psychology service.
Zvinyorwa:
Petrella, F. (2022, Ndira) Utano hwepfungwa: maonero uye maonero pamusoro pekukosha kunoitwa nekugara zvakanaka kwemuviri nepfungwa. Mu: Ipsos.
Daniela Bianco et.al. (2021), Headway 2023 Mental Health Index Report. Mu: IEuropean House Ambrosetti.
(2022), Pandemic, neurodevelopment uye hutano hwepfungwa hwevana nevechidiki. Mu: Epicenter, Higher Institute of Health.
Emanuela Medda et.al. (Kukadzi 2022), Iyo Covid-19 muItari: Zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika nguva pfupi isati yasvika uye mushure mekuvhara kwekutanga. Mu: National Library yeMishonga.
Elisa Manacorda (2021 Kurume), Covid: kuzviuraya kuri kuwedzera, chinongedzo nedenda chinodzidzwa hazvina kujeka. Mu: The Republic.
(2022 June), WHO inonyevera nezve "deatención" ye trastornos mentales a nivel mundial. Mu: Redacción Médica.
(2022 Kubvumbi), Covid-19, hutano hwepfungwa uye maitiro ekudya: chirongwa #SOON pamwe chete. Mu: Epicenter Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
Stefania Penzo (2022 May), Utano hwepfungwa, muItaly chete 3 psychologists kune mazana ezviuru zvevagari vemo. Mu: Lifegate.
Nicola Barone (2022 Chivabvu), Utano hwepfungwa, neCovid + 30% yemakesi asi chiuru vashoma vanachiremba. Zvavari kubvunza varapi vepfungwa. Mu: Sole24ore.
(2022 Nyamavhuvhu), Covid: Mental Health Observatory, 'nzanga ine chisimba zvakanyanya mune post-denda'.
Kupinda Utano hwepfungwa muItaly: tiri kupi? yakatanga kubudiswa muna Kona yePsychology.
