Iva wakajairika. Ita zvinoitwa nevamwe. Kuda izvo vamwe vanoda. Tevera zvinangwa zvinoteverwa nevamwe. Funga sevamwe ...
Pane masimba maviri anopikisa mumunhu wese: imwe inotungamira kune wega uye imwe inosimudzira kusangana. Isu tese tinoda kuzvisimbisa sevanhu vakasarudzika uye vechokwadi, asi panguva imwechete tinofanirwa kuve veboka uye tinzwe kugamuchirwa uye kukosheswa.
Nekudaro, kune vanhu mune avo simba rinotungamira mukushamwaridzana rinokunda. Iko kudiwa kwekubvumirwa munharaunda kwakasimba zvekuti kunogadzira izvo psychoanalyst Christopher Bollas anonzi normopathy.
Chii chinonzi normopathy?
Normopathy ndeye "Kufunga kusingaenzaniswi kune kunofungidzirwa kujairika", maererano naBollas. Saka ihwo hunhu hwechirwere. Vanhu ava havaite tsika yekufungisisa, havavandudze ruzivo uye havanzwe kuda kuziva nezvehupenyu hwavo hwemukati, asi ivo vanoedza kutsvaga kusimbiswa munharaunda.
Iyo normopath inotambura neimwe mhando yekuzvidya mwoyo: anotya kutarisa mukati uye kuongorora zvemukati zvemupfungwa. Panzvimbo pekutsvaga zvinomunetsa, zvishuwo uye zvinokurudzira, anotarisa zvakanyanya pakubatanidza munharaunda nekugadzirisa zvimiro zvekuti inova chishuwo chinoguma chakanganisa hupenyu hwake.
Nzira yekuziva sei normopath?
Iye munhu ane tsika yekuita Normopathy anoshuvira - kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho chiri munyika - kutenderwa nekusimbiswa kwenzanga, kunyangwe zvichitorera kuzvimirira kwavo uye chokwadi. Chokwadi, anotya kuzvimiririra. Anotya kusawirirana uye kuve akasiyana.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero anogara achiedza kukwana uye kuva sevamwe. Iyo normopath inogona kubvunza shamwari zvavanofunga nezverwiyo rutsva, mapfekero kana magadzirirwo ebvudzi vasati vaumba pfungwa. Chaizvoizvo, anotarisa kune vamwe kuti vamuudze zvekufunga kana kutenda.
Kuvimba kwake nekusimbiswa kwekunze kwakakura zvekuti anopedzisira ava ne "kunyepa". Icho chiziviso chenhema chakatarisana nechokunze, chakadzidziswa kupindura kune zvekunze zvinodiwa uye kunyaradza zvaunofunga nezvido zvako.
Uku kutsvaga kwechinyakare kunova kusanzwisisika, zvichimukonzeresa kuti atadzise kubata kwake. Normopath yarasikirwa nehukama hwakakosha nemanzwiro ake uye zvemukati mamiriro, ayo anowanzozviratidza kuburikidza nemutauro wakashata. Zvakaoma kuti normopath iise mumazwi zvavakasangana nazvo nekuti ivo varasikirwa nehukama nevakadzika kwazvo.
Bollas akawana kuti vanhu ava vanokundikana kuita kubatana pakati pemanzwiro avo, pfungwa uye ruzivo, asi nekukurumidza chinja kuita hunhu. Zvinoita sekunge vane imwe mhando yekufunga kwekuita iyo inokurumidza kushandura zano kuita chiito.
Mukuita, munhu we normopathic haarambe aka "vhura" kwenguva yakakwana kuti chiono chekufungidzira chibude. "Maitiro ekutsvaga mukati mepasi uye kushandisa kufunga kwekufumura kufenda uye kukakavara zvakanyanyisa kunonoka."", Anodaro Bollas.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, anoratidza hyper-rationality mukubata nevamwe. Nekudaro, achishaya kunzwisisika kwakakodzera uye tsitsi, haakwanise kubatana nevanhu padanho rakadzika, saka hukama hwake ndehwepamusoro. Ivo ndivo vanhu chaivo vanogara vachiedza kutifadza uye vane mutsa, asi isu hatigone kubatana navo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, apo normopathy inosvika pakunyanyisa, iyo psychoanalyst Thomas H. Ogden inoreva kune chaiko "kufa kwepfungwa" sezvo paine zvikamu zvese zvepfungwa izvo zvinokanganisa uye zvirevo zvinorega kugadziriswa. Muchokwadi, kazhinji normopaths anonzwa kusagadzikana kukuru mukati. Uye nekuwanda kwekushayikwa kwavanoona mukati, ndipo pavanonyanya kuratidza kunze.
Saka hazvishamise kuti normopaths inoshanda zvakanyanya kana paine yakasimba protocol yekutevera. Ivo vanhu vanogamuchira chero tsika yavo inoratidza seyakanaka, chaiyo kana yechokwadi. Ivo havabvunze izvo zvitendero, mazano kana kukosha Vanotya kupokana. Ivo vanongotorwa nekutora yekungoita maitiro, nekudaro vachibvumira iyo misa kutungamira hupenyu hwavo.
Iyo nzira inotungamira kune normopathy
Mugari akakodzera anodikanwa nemakambani mazhinji ndiyo normopath, iye munhu anoenderana nemitemo uye anoteera mhomho yevanhu pasina kubvunza chero chinhu. Chokwadi, isu tinowanzo funga - zvisirizvo - iwo mafungiro akajairika haangave akakanganisa. Isu tinofungidzira kuti zvakajairika ndezvechokwadi uye zvakanaka. Uku kufungidzira kunotitungamira kuti tifunge kuti zvinoitwa nemunhu wese zvinogamuchirwa nezvematongerwo enyika uye zvinodikanwa. Panguva iyoyo, maonero nemaitiro eruzhinji anotanga kusimbisa zvakajairika uye nekumanikidza kune avo vanobva pazviri.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti isu tese, neimwe nzira kana imwe, takabaya hutachiona hwe normopathy.
Naizvozvo, wezvepfungwa Hans-Joachim Maaz akataura kuti normopathy iri "Ichokwadi chinogamuchirwa munzanga chekubatana kweurotic kuramba uye kuzvidzivirira kubva mukukuvara kwemanzwiro, iriko mune chikamu chikuru chevanhu".
Asi kumanikidzwa kwese kwevanhu uku hakuna kukwana kuti uvandudze hunhu hwemaitiro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, ichi chishuwo chekuchinja pane zvese zvinodhura chakabatana nezviitiko zvinoshungurudza. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Barbara Mattsson, semuenzaniso, akawana kuti vanhu vakasangana nehondo vane hunyanzvi hwekuita Normopathy. Vanhu ava vanovavarira kuve "vakajairika" sezvavanoshuvira imwe nhanho yekujairika muhupenyu hwavo, zvinovapa pfungwa yekuchengetedzeka.
Normopathy yakave zvakare yakabatana nezviitiko zvinotambudza izvo zvakakonzera kunyadziswa kukuru. Kurambwa kana kudzikisirwa kunogona kuunza nyadzi dzakakura, chiitiko chingasiya ronda rakadzika zvekuti rinosunda munhu kuti abve pa "ini" yake.
Muchokwadi, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Joyce McDougall anotenda kuti iye "wekunyepa" anovakwa nema normop mhedzisiro yekuda kurarama munyika yevamwe, asi vasina ruzivo rwakakwana nezvehukama hwepfungwa, zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinovaita hukama hwevanhu zvine chirevo. .
Nekudaro, uyu mamiriro ehurwere haungori chete mugumisiro wekumanikidzwa kwenzanga uye kudzvinyirirwa kana zviitiko zvakashungurudza zvega, asi zvinotsigirwa nekutya kwakadzika kwekutarisa mukati.
Vanhu ava vanosangana nekushushikana kwakanyanya nekuti havanzwisise zvido zvavo zvakadzama uye zvishuwo, kunyanya kana izvi zvave kuongororwa munharaunda. Ivo vanotya kutarisa mukati nekuti havazive izvo zvavanowana mune yekutarisa nzira uye ivo havazive maitiro ekuita nemimvuri yavo.
Ndokusaka zvakavaomera kuti vafungisise nezvechokwadi, kuti vamire uye vafunge. Ivo vanofamba kuburikidza nehupenyu vaine mashoma maturusi, kazhinji akakweretwa kubva kune vamwe, kuti asarasika kana kusangana nezvinotarisirwa zvisingatarisirwi uye kushamisika.
Tekinoroji zvirokwazvo haibatsire. Kupedza nguva yakawandisa pamberi peescreens kunotinyima iyo nguva yepamoyo nenzvimbo inodiwa yekuzvifungisisa, panguva iyo uropi hwedu hunogona kuita kubatana kukuru pakati pezviitiko nemanzwiro edu.
"Ndisimbise", mushonga we normopathy
Mune normopathy iyo yemagariro inosimudzirwa uye munhu wacho haana hanya. Asi iyo normopath haigare ichiteedzera iyo mitemo kana kuzvibata setirobhoti yakagadzirirwa kutevera vamwe. Muchokwadi, yakanyanyisa normopathy inoratidzirwa nemabhureki kubva pane zvakajairwa.
Vamwe normopathic vanhu vanopedzisira voputika pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekuenderana kunovatorera iwo wepfungwa oxygen. Muzviitiko izvi, vanogona kuita zvine hukasha, vachipesana nemaitiro kana mapoka avakatevera, kunyanya kana vachinzwa kurambwa kana kuodzwa moyo.
Kuti ubve pane zvakajairika hapana chimwe chinhu chekuita pane kukudziridza "kusimba ini" uye kubvuma mimvuri yatinayo mukati. Tinofanira kuvhura isu pachedu, kuiongorora uye nekuivaka zvakare. Nemweya wekuda kuziva uye wekunzwira tsitsi.
Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinofanirwa kubvisa iyo pfungwa yekuti zvakajairika zvakakwana, zvakanaka kana zvinodiwa. Isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti dzimwe nguva zvakajairika - zvinonzwisiswa sezviri zvakajairwa, zvinodzorwa uye zvakawandisa - dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya. Isu tinofanirwa kudzoreredza kukosha kwekupokana, kufunga nezve nharaunda yedu uye kusimbisa mutsauko wedu.
Asi pamusoro pezvose isu tinofanirwa kumira kutenda kuti isu hatina immune kune zvakajairika, nekuti sekutaura kwaMcDougall vanhu vese, pane imwe nhanho, "Vanotenderera pasirese semarobhoti, vanoita semarobhoti akarongwa, vanozvitaurira mumutauro wakapetwa pasina mavara, vane maonero emabhanari uye vanoshandisa zvidhoma nemabhaisikopo.
"Ivo vanoteerera nekuteerera vanoteerera isingachinjiki sisitimu yemitemo yekuzvibata iyo iri yechienzi kune zvavari uye inorasikirwa nehukama navo pachavo nekuderedza chinhambwe pakati pavo nevamwe kusvika zero. Ivo vanhu zvakare vakagadziriswa kune chaiko nyika, vakajairidzwa nehupenyu, vanorasikirwa nechishuwo chekutsvaga, kunzwisisa nekuziva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikamisa kufunga kwavo kune "kushanda" kushanda uye kurega kuishandisa kuti vazive zviri kuitika mukati mavo kana munyika yemashiripiti yevamwe ".
Zvinyorwa:
Bollas, C. (2018) Zvinoreva uye Melancholia: Hupenyu muNguva yeKushamiswa. New York: Nzira.
Mattsson B. (2018) Hupenyu Nguva Mukutapwa: Finnish Hondo Vana muSweden mushure mehondo. Mupepeti Noona Kiuru: Universidad de Jyväskylä, Finland.
Maaz, H. (2014) Yemagariro Normopathy - Narcissism uye Muviri Psychotherapy. 14th European uye 10th International Congress yeMuviri Psychotherapy: Lisbon.
Ogden, T. (1992) Iwo wekutanga mupendero weRuzivo. Londres: Maresfield Raibhurari.
Bollas, C. (1987) Mumvuri weChinhu: Psychoanalysis yeiyo Isina Kufungwa Inozivikanwa. Columbia University Press.
McDougall. J. (1985) Mitambo yemafungiro. Kufungidzira uye chokwadi padanho repfungwa. London: Free Association Mabhuku.
Kupinda Normopathy: chishuwo chisina kujairika chekuita sevamwe yakatanga kubudiswa muna Kona yePsychology.
