Oscar Wilde: murume uye muimbi makore 117 mushure mekufa kwake
Musi waNovember 30, 1900, Oscar Wilde akafa. Literary genius uye chiratidzo chechiratidzo chekupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe decadence, anozivikanwa nekuzvibata kwake, Wilde akatongerwa zvakaomarara nekuda kweungochani hwake uye akapedzisa hupenyu hwake muhurombo hwakakwana uye ega. “Iwe unoda kuziva here kuti chii chikuru mutambo wehupenyu hwangu wanga uri? Kungoti ndakaisa hunyanzvi hwangu muhupenyu hwangu "
Oscar Wilde chiitiko chekunyora pakati nepakati pehunyanzvi nekuparara, izvo zvakagara zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kumisikidza muganho wakajeka pakati pehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemamwe emabasa ake nekusuwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu avakanyorwa. Nhoroondo yake yega, "Mufananidzo waDorian Grey" (1891) akabva angove mumwe wemienzaniso yepamusoro yezvinyorwa zvechiRungu aesthetics: nyaya yekuora kwetsika umo munyori asina chaakataura, chakasimba chinopesana nekudzikisirwa kwemunhu uyo, zvakadaro , haizodzivise kutsoropodzwa kweWilde, miedzo uye kupomerwa kweunzenza. Wilde aivewo nyanzvi yemitambo yemitambo kunyangwe aisambove nedrama rekumashure: mukurumbira anoramba ari "Mufambi weLady Windermere", "Kukosha kwekuva Vanoshinga" uye "Salome", yekupedzisira basa rounyanzvi rakaongororwa muEngland uye rakamiririrwa muParis muna 1896 , munyori paakanga ari mutirongo. Iwo mweya unopinza uye kusaremekedza kwevamwe vezvinyorwa zvake zvekufungidzira zvaita kuti Oscar Wilde mucherechedzo usinga tsanangurike wemugumo wakashatiriswa uye wakashata wezana ramakore aestheticism, iyo isingambomira kufadza kunyangwe kwapera zana ramakore.
Wilde aive agara nhaka kubva kuna amai vake tsika yekuvanza zera rake rechokwadi, uye pamazuva ekuzvarwa aipfeka nhema, achiti ari kuchema kufa kweimwe yemakore ake. Zvinonzi mune imwe nguva yekusika yehupenyu hwake aifarira kupfeka nemawigi marefu uye akajeka, uye nekushongedza mbatya nemaruva ekunyepedzera neminhenga. Izvi, uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvekuzvibata, zvakabatsira kugadzira chifananidzo icho chichiri kurarama nanhasi: icho chehunyanzvi, chakadzama, chinotyisa chine hungwaru chine hungwaru nezvevanhu vamwechete ivavo vanotanga kumudaira vozomupa mhosva, anosarudza kurarama nekutaura nyaya. nguva yake semumwe wevatambi mumabhuku ake.
“Akave mutongi werunako muguta guru uye mari yaanowana pagore, mari kubva muzvinyorwa zvake, yaisvika madhora anosvika hafu yemiriyoni.Akaparadzira goridhe rake pakati penhevedzano yeshamwari dzisina kukodzera. Mangwanani ega ega aitenga maruva maviri anodhura, imwe yake, imwe yekumudzidzisa; uye kunyangwe pazuva rekutongwa kwake kwekunyepedzera akaendeswa kudare redzimhosva nengoro yake yemabhiza maviri nemurairidzi akapfeka gala uye nechikomba cheupfu ": aya ndoamunorangarira nawo mumwe mukurumbira wezvinyorwa wekuIreland, James Joyce muchiItaly mupepanhau reTrieste "Il Piccolo della Sera", makore gumi mushure mekufa kwake.
Simba rekutyaira kwehunyanzvi hwaWilde chivi. Akaisa hunhu hwake hwese, wit, rupo rwekuda, asexual njere pakushandira dzidziso yerunako iyo, sekureva kwake, yaive yekudzosa zera regoridhe uye mufaro wevechidiki wepasi rose. Asi zvakadzika pasi, kana chimwe chokwadi chikazvibvisa pachezvavo nedudziro yaAristotle, kubva mukufunga kwake kusingagumi kunoitika nehunyanzvi kwete nehuropi, kubva mukufungidzira kwake kwehumwe hunhu, mutorwa kwaari, sevaya vevapanduki uye vanozvininipisa, ichi ichokwadi chiripo mumweya weKatorike: kuti munhu haakwanise kusvika pamwoyo woutsvene kunze kwekunge nepfungwa yekuparadzaniswa nekurasikirwa inonzi zvivi.
Iyo De Profundis, kubva murima rematorongo
Kubva paudiki kwazvo pamunhu waOscar Wilde pane runyerekupe uye makuhwa nezveungochani hwake,akawedzera kusimbirira zvakare netsika yekukwazisa shamwari dzake dzepedyo nekutsvoda pamiromo uye neyakaipisisa munzira yekupfeka uye yekugera bvudzi. Pakukwirira kwebasa rake uye kusazivikanwa, Wilde aive protagonist weumwe weakanyanya kutaurwa nezve miedzo yezana ramakore: akapomerwa sodomy, kunyomba kusingaenzaniswi muEngland panguva iyoyo, uye akatongerwa kujeri uye makore maviri ekumanikidzwa kushanda, iye achasiya aparara mupfungwa nemagariro, zvekuti anozosarudza kupedza makore ake ekupedzisira muParis, kwaanozofira musi waNovember 30, 1900.
Asi chaizvo mutirongo iye achanyora rimwe remabasa ake akanaka kwazvo, epamoyo uye asina masiki: tsamba refu kuna Ishe Alfred Douglas, jaya Wilde raaida uye nekuda kwaiye akazopedzisira ave mumaketani, rakaburitswa pasi pezita rekuti "De Profundis". Mapeji umo munyori anozivikanwa mukureruka kwake semurume, achirwa nemweya yezvakaitika zvake:
Isu isu tinogara mutirongo iri, muhupenyu hwayo musina chokwadi asi kurwadziwa, tinofanirwa kuyera nguva nemoyo wekutambudzika, uye ndangariro yenguva dzinovava. Hatina chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvacho. Kutambura ndiyo nzira yedu yepo, sezvo iri iyo chete nzira inowanikwa kwatiri yekuziva hupenyu; ndangariro yezvatakatambura munguva yakapfuura zvinodikanwa kwatiri sechivimbiso, seuchapupu hwekuzivikanwa kwedu.
