Dai isu tese taive takanaka uye takangwara sekufunga kwedu isu, nyika yaizove nzvimbo isingaperi isingagumi. Dambudziko nderekuti Wobegon mhedzisiro inopindira pakati pemaonero edu pachedu uye chokwadi.
Lake Wobegon iguta rekunyepedzera rinogarwa nevanhu vakanyanya kunyanya nekuti vakadzi vese vane simba, varume vakanaka uye vana vakangwara kupfuura avhareji. Iri guta, rakagadzirwa nemunyori uye museki Garrison Keillor, yakapa zita rayo kune iyo "Wobegon" mhedzisiro, kufungidzira kwekukwirira kunozivikanwa seyekunyepedzera kukunda.
Chii chinonzi Wobegon mhedzisiro?
Yakanga iri 1976 apo iyo Bhodhi yeKoreji yakapa imwe yeanonyanya kunzwisisa masampuli ehukuru hwepamusoro. Pamamirioni evadzidzi vakatora bvunzo dzeSAT, 70% vaitenda kuti vaive pamusoro pevhareji, izvo zvaive, mukuverenga, zvisingaite.
Kwapera gore, chiremba wezvepfungwa Patricia Cross akawana kuti nekufamba kwenguva uku kunyepedzera kukura kunogona kuwedzera. Nekubvunzurudza mapurofesa paUniversity yeNebraska, akaona kuti 94% vakafunga kuti hunyanzvi hwavo hwekudzidzisa hwaive 25% yakakwira.
Naizvozvo, iyo Wobegon mhedzisiro ingangove iyo tsika yekufunga kuti isu tiri nani kupfuura vamwe, kuzviisa pamusoro pevhareji, tichitenda kuti isu tine zvakawanda zvakanaka hunhu, hunhu uye kugona nepo tichideredza zvisina kunaka izvo.
Munyori Kathryn Schulz akarondedzera zvakakwana ukuru hwepamusoro panguva yekuzviongorora: "Vazhinji vedu tinorarama hupenyu tichifunga kuti takarurama chose, nguva dzese, takanangana nezvese: zvatinotenda mune zvematongerwo enyika nehunyanzvi, zvitendero, tsika, kutonga vamwe, ndangariro, kunzwisisa kwedu chokwadi… Kunyangwe tikamira kuti tifunge nezvazvo zvinoita sezvisina musoro, mamiriro edu epanyama anoita kunge asingazive kuti tinenge tinoziva zvese ”.
Muchokwadi, iyo Wobegon mhedzisiro inosvika kumatunhu ese ehupenyu. Hapana chinhu chinopunyuka pesimba rayo. Tinogona kufunga kuti isu takavimbika, takangwara, takatsunga uye tinopa kupfuura vamwe.
Uku kusarura kwehukuru kunogona kutowedzera kune hukama. Muna 1991, vanachiremba vepfungwa Van Yperen naBuunk vakaona kuti vanhu vazhinji vaifunga kuti hukama hwavo hwaive nani pane hwevamwe.
Kusarura kunopesana neuchapupu
Iyo Wobegon Mhedzisiro inonyanya kusagadzikana. Muchokwadi, isu dzimwe nguva tinoramba kuvhura maziso edu kunyangwe kuuchapupu hunoratidza kuti tingave tisina kugona kana kungwara sekufunga kwedu.
Muna 1965, nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa Preston naHarris vakabvunzurudza vatyairi makumi mashanu vakapihwa chipatara mushure metsaona yemotokari, makumi matatu nemana avo vaive nemhosva imwechete, sekutaura kwemapurisa. Vakabvunzurudza vatyairi makumi mashanu vane ruzivo rwakakwana rwekutyaira. Vakaona kuti vatyairi vemapoka ese ari maviri vakafunga kuti hunyanzvi hwavo hwekutyaira hwaive pamusoro pevhareji, kunyangwe avo vakonzera tsaona.
Zvinoita sekunge tiri kugadzira chifananidzo chedu pachedu chakaiswa mumatombo icho chakanyanya kuoma kuchinja, kunyangwe pamberi pechiratidzo chakasimba kwazvo kuti izvi hazvisizvo. Muchokwadi, masayendisiti eUniversity yeTexas vakaona kuti pane neural modhi inotsigira iyi yekuzviongorora uye inoita kuti titonge hunhu hwedu zvakanyanya uye zvirinani kupfuura zvevamwe.
Sezvineiwo, vakawanawo kuti kushushikana kwepfungwa kunowedzera rudzi urwu rwekutonga. Mune mamwe mazwi, patinonyanya kushushikana, ndipo patinoita tsika yekusimbisa kutenda kwedu kuti tiri vakuru. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuramba uku kunoita senzira yekuzvidzivirira.
Kana tikatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kubata nekuenderana nemufananidzo watinawo pachedu, tinogona kupindura nekuvhara maziso edu kuuchapupu kuti tisazonzwa zvakanyanya. Maitiro aya pachawo haana kushata nekuti anogona kutipa iyo nguva yatinoda kugadzirisa izvo zvaitika uye nekuchinja mufananidzo watinawo isu kuti zvinyatsoitika.
Dambudziko rinotanga patinonamatira kune uku kunyepedzera uye tichiramba kubvuma zvikanganiso nezvikanganiso. Pakadaro, vanonyanya kutapurwa vanova isu pachedu.
Iko kusarura kwekukwirira kunomuka kupi?
Tinokura munzanga inotitaurira kubva paudiki kuti isu "takakosha" uye isu tinowanzo rumbidzwa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwedu pane kwedu kubudirira uye kuedza. Izvi zvinogadzira nhanho yekuumba mufananidzo wakashatiswa wezvakakodzera, nzira yedu yekufunga, kana tsika nemano edu.
Chinhu chine musoro ndechekuti apo patinokura tinokudziridza maonero echokwadi pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwedu uye tichiziva zvatisingakwanise nezvatinokanganisa. Asi hazvisi izvo nguva dzose. Dzimwe nguva rusaruro rwehukuru hunotora midzi.
Muchokwadi, isu tese tine tsika yekuzviona isu mune yakajeka. Kana vatibvunza kuti takadii, tinozoratidza hunhu hwedu hwakanakisa, hunhu uye hunyanzvi, kuitira kuti kana tikazvienzanisa nevamwe, tinzwe zviri nani. Zvinoitika. Dambudziko nderekuti dzimwe nguva iyo ego inogona kutamba hunyengeri, zvichitikurudzira kuisa kukoshesa kwedu kugona, hunhu uye hunhu kupfuura hwevamwe.
Semuenzaniso, kana isu tichinyanya kushamwaridzana kupfuura avhareji, tichava nehunhu hwekufunga kuti kushamwaridzana hunhu hwakakosha uye isu ticha tarisa basa rayo muhupenyu. Zviri zvakare kuti, kunyangwe isu tiri vakatendeseka, isu tichiwedzeredza mwero wedu wekutendeka kana tichizvienzanisa nevamwe.
Nekudaro, isu tinotenda kuti, kazhinji, isu tiri pamusoro peavhareji nekuti takagadzira pamatanho epamusoro iwo hunhu "hunonyatsoita mutsauko" muhupenyu.
Chidzidzo chakaitwa paYunivhesiti yeTel Aviv chakaratidza kuti kana tikazvienzanisa nevamwe, hatishandisi zvakajairwa zveboka, asi kuti titarise zvakanyanya pachedu, izvo zvinoita kuti titende kuti tiri pamusoro pevamwe mitezo.
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Justin Kruger akawana muzvidzidzo zvake izvo "Kusarura uku kunoratidza kuti vanhu 'vanozvisimbisa' pakuongorora kugona kwavo uye 'vanochinja' zvisina kukwana kuti vasatarise kugona kweboka rekuenzanisa.". Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tinozviongorora pachedu kubva kune yakadzama pfungwa yekuzvifunga.
Kukwirira kwekunyepedzera, kukura kushoma
Iko kukanganisa iko kweWobegon mhedzisiro kunogona kukonzera kure kupfuura chero kubatsirwa kwazvinounza kwatiri.
Vanhu vane kusarura uku vanogona kuuya kuzofunga kuti mazano avo ndiwo chete anoshanda. Uye nekuti ivo zvakare vanotenda kuti vakangwara kupfuura avhareji, vanopedzisira vasisanzwe chero chinhu chisingakodzere maonero avo epasirese. Maitiro aya anovamisa nekuti anovatadzisa kuvhura kune dzimwe pfungwa nemikana.
Mukufamba kwenguva, vanove vakaomarara, vanozvifunga uye vasingashiviriri vanhu vasingateerere vamwe, asi vanonamatira kudzidziso dzavo nenzira dzekufunga. Ivo vanodzima kufunga kwakadzama kunovabvumidza ivo kuti vaite kurovedza muviri mukutarisa kwechokwadi, saka vanoguma voita sarudzo dzakaipa.
Chidzidzo chakaitwa paUniversity yeSheffield chakagumisa kuti isu hatipukunyuke maitiro eWobegon kunyangwe patinenge tichirwara. Ava vaongorori vakabvunza vatori vechikamu kuti vafungidzire kuti ivo nevezera ravo vakaita kangani maitiro asina hutano. Vanhu vakashuma kuita hunhu hwakanaka kakawanda kupfuura avhareji.
Vatsvagiri paUniversity yeOhio vakaona kuti vazhinji varwere vekenza vanorwara zvakaipisisa vakafunga kuti vaizopfuura zvaitarisirwa. Dambudziko, sekureva kwevaya vanoongorora nezvepfungwa, nderekuti kuvimba uye tariro izvi zvinowanzo kumuita “Sarudza mushonga usingabatsiri uye unopedza simba. "Panzvimbo pekurebesa hupenyu, kurapwa uku kunoderedza hupenyu hwevarwere uye kunetesa kugona kwavo uye kwemhuri dzavo kugadzirira kufa kwavo."
Friedrich Nietzsche anga achireva vanhu vakabatwa muhunhu hweWobegon nekuvarondedzera "Bildungsphilisters". Neizvi aireva avo vanozvirumbidza neruzivo rwavo, ruzivo uye hunyanzvi, kunyangwe kana zvirizvo izvi zvakaganhurirwa nekuti zvakavakirwa pakutsvaga kwekuzviteerera
Uye iyi ndiyo chaiyo imwe yekiyi yekudzora rusaruro rwehukuru: kukudziridza hunhu hwekuzvidza pachako. Panzvimbo pekugutsikana nekutenda kuti isu tiri pamusoro pevhareji, isu tinofanira kuedza kuramba tichikura, tichiedza zvatinotenda, hunhu uye nzira yedu yekufunga.
Kune izvi isu tinofanirwa kudzidza kudzikamisa iyo ego kuti tiburitse yakanakisa vhezheni yedu pachedu. Kuziva kuti rusaruro rwekukwirira runoguma nekupa mubairo kusaziva, kusaziva kwakakurudzirwa uko kungave kuri nani kutiza.
Zvinyorwa:
Wolf, JH & Wolf, KS (2013) Iyo Lake Wobegon Mhedzisiro: Vese Varwere veCancer Varipamusoro Avhareji? Milbank Q; 91 (4): 690-728.
Doro, JS & Hughes, BL (2010) Neural Maitiro eSocial Kufananidza uye ne "Pamusoro-Avhareji» Mhedzisiro. Neuroimage; 49 (3): 2671-9.
Giladi, EE & Klar, Y. (2002) Kana zviyero zvikawanda zvechiratidzo: Kukosha kwekusarongeka uye kusazvidzika mukuenzanisa kutonga kwezvinhu uye pfungwa. Nyaya yeUongorori Pepychology: General; 131 (4): 538-551.
Hoorens, V. & Harris, P. (1998) Zvinokanganisa mumishumo yemaitiro ehutano: Iyo nguva span inoshanda uye yekunyepedzera supefuority. Psychology & Hutano; (13): 3-451.
Kruger, J. (1999) Lake Wobegon yaenda! Iyo «pazasi-avhareji mhedzisiro» uye iyo egocentric hunhu hwekuenzanisa kugona kugona kutonga. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology; 77(2): 221-232.
Van Yperen, N. W & Buunk, BP (1991) Kufananidza Kuenzanisa, Kuenzanisa Kwehukama, uye Shanduko Yekutenderera: Hukama Hwavo Kugutsikana Kwemhuri. Unhu uye Social Psychology Bulletin; 17 (6): 709-717.
Muchinjikwa, KP (1977) Hazvigone asi ko vadzidzisi vekoreji vanovandudzwa? Mazano matsva eDzidzo yepamusoro; 17:1-15.
Preston, CE & Harris, S. (1965) Psychology yevatyairi mutsaona dzemumigwagwa. Chinyorwa cheAppended Psychology; 49(4): 284-288.
Kupinda Wobegon mhedzisiro, nei tichifunga kuti isu tiri pamusoro pevhareji? yakatanga kubudiswa muna Kona yePsychology.
