Kwenguva yakati zvino, vanhu vakawanda vave vachida kutaura zvavanofunga. Vanonzwa kudikanwa kwokufanokumbira ruregerero nokuda kwokutaura chimwe chinhu chine revo. Vanotya kusabatanidzwa kuitira kuti vasaomerera kurondedzero yakajairika. Dai mashoko avo akasanzwisiswa uye arambe akaiswa chiratidzo kweupenyu hwose. Kuti unyorwe nevavengi veboka revadiki vanotenda kuti nyika inofanirwa kuvatenderedza.
Nokudaro, kuzviongorora kunowedzera semoto wesango.
Zvisinei, self-censorship uye zvematongerwo enyika ndizvozvo zvakanyanyisa kazhinji zvinotora chimiro che "kudzvinyirira kururama". Hudzvinyiriri kururamisira kunoitika patinoona kuti hatigone kugovera maonero edu nekuti zvinopokana nemisimboti iri mufashoni panguva ino. Saka tinopedzisira tava kuyera shoko rimwe nerimwe kumirimita tisati taritaura, kuriongorora kubva pamakona ose anobvira, tichishandura kutaurirana kuva mutambo wejuggling pamucheto wereza, kurinyima uchokwadi hupi nohupi.
Chii chinonzi self-censorship mune psychology?
Vanhu vakawanda mupfungwa "vanoita" zvavave kuda kutaura nekuti vanotya kugumbura mumwe munhu - kunyangwe paine munhu anozopedzisira agumbuka - vanoedza kuwana nguva yakakwana yekutaura chimwe chinhu uye kunetseka zvakanyanya. pamusoro pokuti vamwe vachadudzira sei dzavo. Vanonzwa vachinetseka pamusoro pokutaura zvavanofunga uye vanonzwa dikanwo yokukumbira ruregerero pachine nguva mberi. Ivo vanowanzo tora zvakaipisisa sezvinei uye vanonetsekana pamusoro pechinhu chero chipi zvacho chinogona kukanganisa. Vanhu ava vanopedzisira vavharirwa mune yekuzviongorora.
Kuzviongorora inzira yatinova nayo nehanya zvakanyanya nezvatinotaura kana kuita kuti tidzivise kutariswa kwakashata. Inzwi riya mumusoro mako rinokuudza kuti "haugone" kana kuti "haufanire". Iwe haugone kutaura maonero ako, haufanirwe kuratidza zvaunonzwa, haugone kupokana, haufanirwe kupesana nezviyo. Muchidimbu, izwi ndiro rinokuudza kuti haugone kuve zvauri.
Sezvineiwo, kuzvitonga kuri kuwedzera pasinei nokuti maonero enzanga ane mwero kana kuti akanyanyisa sei. Vanotsvaga kubva kumayunivhesiti eWashington neColumbia vakawana kuti kuzviongorora kwakapetwa katatu kubva kuma50s muUnited States nhasi. Chiitiko ichi chakapararira zvekuti muna 2019 vana kubva gumi vekuAmerica vakabvuma kuzviongorora, maitiro akajairika pakati peavo vane dzidzo yepamusoro.
Aya masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika anotenda kuti kuzviongorora kunoitika zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutya kutaura pfungwa isingafarirwe inoguma yatiparadzanisa nemhuri, shamwari uye vanozivana. Naizvozvo, inogona kunge iri nzira yekupona mutsika ine muchetura wepolarized, umo mapoka akasiyana anozviwana apatsanurwa zvisina tarisiro pahuwandu hunoramba huchiwedzera hwenyaya.
Muchirevo chakaomarara chakadaro umo kupesana chete kunoonekwa uye hapana nzvimbo yezvinoreva zvepakati, kutaura chinhu chisiri icho chinoreva kumhanyisa njodzi yekuti vamwe vanokuzivisa iwe sechikamu cheboka re "muvengi" chero zvakadaro, kubva kumajekiseni kuenda kuhondo. , dzidziso yechikadzi kana madomasi anobhururuka. Kuti vadzivise kupokana, kuserwa kana kusabatwa, vanhu vazhinji vanongosarudza kuzviongorora ivo pachavo.
Iyo yakareba uye ine ngozi tentacles yekuzviongorora iwe pachako
Muna 2009, makore anoda kusvika zana mushure meKuparadza Kukuru kweArmenia muTurkey, yaimbova chikamu cheHumambo hweOttoman, munyori wenhau dzakaitika Nazan Maksudyan akaongorora kuti yakawanda sei yenhoroondo yezvakaitika izvi inogona kunyatsosvika kuvaverengi veTurkey nhasi uye kupinda mukukakavadzana kwevanhu munyika.
Mushure mekuongorora shanduro dzechiTurkey dzemabhuku enhoroondo, akaona kuti vanyori vemazuva ano vakawanda, vashanduri nevapepeti vakashandisa uye vakakanganisa mamwe mashoko, vachivhara rusununguko rwekuwana ruzivo. Chinofadza ndechekuti vazhinji vavo vakazviongorora, pavakatarisana nekuurayiwa kwevaArmenia muHondo Yenyika Yokutanga, kuti vadzivise kuongororwa neveruzhinji kana kuti vawane mvumo yebato rinotonga munzanga.
Aka hakasi kekutanga kuti zvinhu zvakadai zviitike, uye haisi kuzove yekupedzisira. Svetlana Broz, akashanda sachiremba muBosnia yasakadzwa nehondo, akawana kuti vanhu vakawanda vakabatsira vaMuslim asi vakazvichengeta pachivande kuti vadzivise kutsiva nedzinza ravo vamene. Asi vakanzwa kudikanwa kukuru kwekugoverana nyaya dzavo.
Ehe, kuzvidzora kunowanzo shandiswa pazvinhu izvo nzanga inoona se "sensitive". Pasinei nezvikonzero zvekuzviongorora, chokwadi ndechekuti kana isu tisina ruzivo rwekuwana ruzivo rune vamwe nekuti ivo vanozviongorora uye havagovane, isu tese tinopotsa mukana wekuona matambudziko nekutsvaga zvakanakisa. mhinduro. Izvo zvisingataurwe nezvazvo zvinova "nzou mukamuri" zvichigadzira kukakavara uye kukakavara, asi pasina mukana wekugadzirisa.
Kuzviongorora kunobva zvakanyanya kubva mu "kufunga kweboka," kunosanganisira kufunga kana kuita sarudzo seboka nenzira dzinoodza moyo hunyanzvi hwekugadzira kana mutoro. Groupthink chiitiko chepfungwa chinoitika kana chishuwo chekunzwanana kana kuenderana chisina musoro kana kusashanda. Zvikurukuru, tinozvinzvera timene kuti tidzivise kutsoropodza kwakashata nengwariro. Uye muzviitiko zvakawanda zvingatoita sezvine musoro.
Nekudaro, iyo yekuzviongorora iyo inotikanda mumaoko e zvematongerwo enyika ndizvozvo zvinotibvisa pachokwadi, zvichititadzisa kutaura zvakananga nyaya dzine chekuita nesu kana kunyange fungidziro dzinotadzisa kufambira mberi. Kazhinji kazhinji kuseri kwechinyorwa chokuti “nyaya dzakatetepa” pane kushaikwa chaiko kwekukura mumagariro evanhu kuti vakwanise kutaurirana pachena uye kusakwanisa kuziva miganhu yemunhu.
Sekunyora kwakaita nyanzvi yepfungwa Daniel Bar-Tal: "Kuzviongorora kune mukana wekuva denda risingangodzivisi kuvakwa kwenyika iri nani, asiwo rinobvisa avo vanorishandisa ushingi uye kuvimbika."
Chokwadika, itiro hanya pamusoro pekuita kwakashata kwevamwe kunotitungamirira kuzvinzvera timene hakusi kwakashata chose chose. Inogona kutibatsira kufunga kaviri tisati tataura. Zvisineyi, tsika dzemagariro dzinodzikisira maonero asingadiwe kuburikidza nekuita kuti vanhu vazviongorore zvinogona kuita kuti pave nekugarisana kusvika pamwero wakati, asi maonero akadaro acharamba aripo nekuti haana kufambiswa zvakanaka kana kushandurwa, angodzvinyirirwa. Uye kana chimwe chinhu chikadzvinyirirwa kwenguva yakareba, chinoguma chave kushandisa simba rinopikisa rinoita kuti nzanga nenzira dzekufunga zvidzoke.
Rega kuzvishora iwe usingave madhiri
Kunyanya kuzvitsoropodza, kuita sevasingaregi kudzora pfungwa dzedu, mazwi kana manzwiro nekutya kurasikirwa nemvumo yeboka redu remagariro zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwedu hwepanyama nepfungwa.
Kusakwanisa kugovera zvakatendeseka maonero edu uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehupenyu hwedu hwemukati zvinogonawo kuva chiitiko chinoshungurudza, kugadzira pfungwa yakadzika yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Kuzviongorora, kutaura zvazviri, kune gangaidzo: tinozviongorora isu pachedu kuti tikwanise kupinda muboka, asi panguva imwecheteyo tinonzwa tichiwedzera kusanzwisiswa uye takaparadzaniswa nazvo.
Kutaura idi, zvakaonekwa kuti vanhu vane kuzvitarisira pasi, vanonyara zvikuru uye vane nharo shoma ndeavo vanonyanyoda kuzvishora uye vari vakarurama zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika. Asi zvakaonekwawo kuti vanhu ava vanowanzova nemanzwiro mashoma akanaka.
Pane kudaro, kuratidza manzwiro edu kunoderedza kushushikana uye kunotiswededza pedyo nevanhu vatinogovana navo tsika, zvichitipa pfungwa yekuve tiri vega uye kubatana kunokosha kuhupenyu hwedu.
Kuti tidzivise miuyo inokuvadza yokuzvinzvera pasina kuva anoganhurirwa, tinofanira kuwana dzikamo pakati pokudikanwa kwokutaura zvapachokwadi uye kupinda muboka kana kuti mhoteredzo yenzanga. Haisi nguva dzose nguva yakakodzera kana nzvimbo yekuita hurukuro yakaoma, asi pakupedzisira zvakakosha kuti pave nenzvimbo yekugadzirisa nyaya dzinonetsa dzinobata isu nevamwe.
Izvi zvinorevawo kubatsira kune zvakanakisisa zvatinogona, mukati mehutano hwedu hwekuita, kuumba mamiriro ekunze ekushivirira kune maonero akasiyana, pasina kuwira mumuedzo wekutumidza vamwe, kuitira kuti munhu wose anzwe akasununguka mukutaura pfungwa dzake. Kana tikatadza kugadzira nekuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi dzenhaurirano pasina vanhu vanozviona sevavengi munhandare yehondo, tinongodzokera kumashure, nekuti pfungwa dzakanaka kana zvikonzero zvakanaka hazvizvimanikidzi nekunyararidza avo vanofunga zvakasiyana.
Zvinyorwa:
Gibson, L. & Sutherland, JL (2020) Kuchengeta Muromo Wako Wakavharwa: Kuwedzera Kuzviongorora muUnited States. SSRN; 10.2139.
Bar-Tal, D. (2017) Kuzviongorora seSocio-Political-Psychological Phenomenon: Kubata uye Kutsvakurudza. Zvematongerwo enyika Psychology; 38 (S1): 37-65,
Maksudyan, N. (2009). Masvingo ekunyarara: Kushandura mhirizhonga yeArmenian muTurkey uye kuzviongorora. dzinonetsa; 37 (4): 635-649.
Hayes, AF et. Al. (2005) Kuda Kuzviongorora: Kuvaka uye Chiyero Chishandiso cheKutsvakurudza Maonero evanhu. Runyorwa Rwenyika Dzese rwePfungwa dzePfungwa Kutsvaga; 17 (3): 298-323.
Broz, S. (2004). Vanhu vakanaka panguva dzakaipa. Mifananidzo yekubatana uye kuramba muHondo yeBosnia. New York, NY: Mamwe Press
Kupinda Chii chinonzi self-censorship uye nei tisingafaniri kuvanza zvatinofunga? yakatanga kubudiswa muna Kona yePsychology.
