Tonsefe timafuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Timafuna kukhala osangalala komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa zochepa. Vuto sitikudziwa momwe tingachitire. Tili ndi cholinga, koma njira yopita ku chisangalalo ikuwoneka yokhotakhota komanso yosokoneza.
Ngakhale m’nthaŵi ya Agiriki anthanthi ena anali kukayikira mmene angapezere chimwemwe ndi kulinganiza zinthu. Mayankho awo anabala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zafilosofi nthawi zonse: Stoicism.
Epictetus anali m'modzi mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri. Malingaliro ake ndi a zaka mazana ambiri, koma ali amakono kotero kuti angathandize kutsegulira njira ya chimwemwe m’dziko lamakono.
1. Kuti mukhale osangalala, choyamba muyenera kukhala omasuka
Asitoiki sanalingalire za chimwemwe popanda ufulu. Epictetus anafika mpaka kunena zimenezo “Chimwemwe sichimatengera kulakalaka zinthu koma kukhala mfulu”. Iye anali wotsimikiza kuti ufulu umenewu umapezeka mwa kuchepetsa zilakolako ku mawu ang’onoang’ono.
“Chuma sichili ndi zinthu zambiri, koma zikhumbo zochepa”. anatero wafilosofiyo. Kugwirizana ndi zinthu kumabweretsa kutentha thupi komwe kumatichotsa ku chisangalalo ndi kukhazikika kwamalingaliro. Zinthu zambiri zomwe tikufuna, m'pamenenso tidzafunika kuyesetsa kuzipeza, kuyiwala kusangalala ndi pano komanso pano. Izi zimatipangitsa kukhala osakhutira kosatha. Kumamatira ku zinthu zakuthupi kumapangitsanso mantha a kutaya kwawo, zomwe zimatitengera kutali ndi njira yachisangalalo.
Choncho, kwa Epictetus sitepe yoyamba yofunafuna chimwemwe ndiyo kupeza ufulu umene umachokera ku kudzipatula ku zinthu zakuthupi, pozindikira kuti sitifunikira zinthu zambiri. Izi Kuzindikira imathyola maunyolo ambiri, imatimasula ku zovuta zambiri za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zomwe zingakhale zolemetsa komanso zovutitsa, zomwe zimatilola kupita patsogolo ndi katundu wopepuka.
2. Chotsani nkhawa, kamodzi kokha
Epictetus anali filosofi ya kusasamala. Anamvetsetsa kuti kuti tipeze chimwemwe sitiyenera kudzipatula tokha ku zinthu komanso maganizo athu. Iye ananena izo "Njira yokhayo yopezera chimwemwe ndikusiya kuda nkhawa ndi zinthu zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira komanso zomwe tikufuna."
Imatichenjezanso kuti "Munthu sadandaula kwambiri ndi mavuto enieni, koma za nkhawa zomwe akuganiza kuti mavutowa amapanga [...] Munthu savutika ndi zinthu, koma ndi maganizo ake [...] koma kuzindikira kwawo kuli.”
Malinga ndi Epictetus, tiyenera kuphunzira kuchotsa nkhawa zomwe zimangowonjezera mtolo wosafunika m'miyoyo yathu. Kuti tichite izi, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri nkhawa, mantha kapena kukhumudwa sizichokera ku zochitika zokha, koma momwe timatanthauzira.
Ngati tilingalira kuti chinachake choipa chachitika, timachita mokwiya, kukhumudwa kapena chisoni. Ngati tiganiza kuti chinachake cholakwika chingachitike, timachita ndi nkhawa, mikangano ndi mantha. Koma maganizo amenewo ndi otulukapo chifukwa cha ziweruzo zathu osati zochitika zenizenizo.
“Si zomwe zimakuchitikirani, koma momwe mumalembera. Zowawa ndi zowawa zimachokera ku zomwe timadziwuza tokha za zotsatira zake, zamtsogolo, zomwe zidzachitike chifukwa cha zomwe zinachitika ", Epictetus adanena ponena za nkhani yomwe timamanga mozungulira zochitika. Kodi mungachotse bwanji chizolowezi chimenecho?
Kumvetsetsa kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa zenizeni ndi kuyankha kwathu kumatilola kulowererapo ndendende mu gawo lomwe tili ndi ulamuliro: malingaliro athu pazomwe zidachitika. Ndipotu Epictetus ananena zimenezo "Zochitika sizipanga munthu, zimangovumbulutsa zomwe zili mwa iye". Zonse zimatengera mandala omwe timayang'ana. Mkhalidwe wathu ndipo potsirizira pake chimwemwe chathu chidzadalira pa ochedwa.
3. Osalimbana ndi zomwe zikuchitika, vomerezani mopanda malire
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale osangalala mu filosofi ya Asitoic ndikuvomereza kwakukulu. Ndipotu Asitoiki anapanga zinthu zingapo zothandiza kuti tizivomereza zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, Seneca analangiza kuti tizidzipenda kumapeto kwa tsiku lililonse, n’kumaona tikamakwiyira chinthu chaching’ono kapena tikakwiya ndi chinthu chimene sichinali choyenera. Ngati titha kuzindikira zolakwikazo, titha kusintha malingaliro athu tsiku lotsatira ndikuyankha mwaulemu kwambiri.
Nayenso Epictetus ankaganiza kuti ngati tikuyembekezera kuti chilengedwe chonse chidzatipatsa zimene tikufuna, ndiye kuti tidzagwiritsidwa mwala. Kumbali ina, ngati tivomereza zimene chilengedwe chimatipatsa, moyo wathu udzakhala wopiririka ndipo tidzakhala osangalala kwambiri.
Amatipatsa malangizo anzeru: “Musamayembekezere kuti zinthu zichitike mmene mukufunira. M'malo mwake, ndikuyembekeza kuti zichitika momwe zimachitikira, ndipo mudzakhala osangalala ”. Pamtima pa filosofi yake kunali kuvomereza kopanda malire, zomwe sizikutanthauza kugonjera kapena kusiya ntchito, koma kuvomereza kosavuta kwa zenizeni monga momwe zilili.
Tikamavomereza bwinobwino zimene zikuchitika m’pamene tingasinthe zimene zasintha n’kusiya kuda nkhawa ndi zimene sitingathe kuchita. Panthawiyo timasiya kuchitapo kanthu kuti tiyambe kukonzekera yankho lathu. Timalamulira moyo wathu.
Epictetus amangotiuza kuti tiyankhe mokhazikika pakusintha komwe kumachitika m'malo athu, osapanga kukaniza kosafunikira, ndendende chifukwa zochitikazo sizigwirizana ndi zilakolako zathu, zoyembekezera kapena mawonekedwe a dziko.
Epictetus ankakhulupirira zimenezo "Chimwemwe chimapezeka mkati mwathu". Iye anayesa kupatsa ophunzira ake njira yopezera chimwemwe chaumwini mwa kukhazikitsa “zofunikira” zimene zikugwirabe ntchito lerolino.
Pakhomo Zofunikira 3 kuti mupeze chisangalalo, malinga ndi Epictetus idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
