Kumanja motsutsana kumanzere.
Okhulupirira motsutsana ndi osakhulupirira Mulungu.
A Republican motsutsana ndi monarchists.
Otsutsa motsutsana ndi othandizira ...
Nthawi zambiri timakhazikika pazomwe zimatigawanitsa mpaka timaiwala zomwe zimatigwirizanitsa. Ochititsidwa khungu ndi magawano, tikulitsa kusiyana. Kusiyana kumeneku kumabweretsa, makamaka, kumakambirano, koma pamtundu wamagulu amayambitsanso mikangano ndi nkhondo. Amabweretsa kupweteka, kuzunzika, kutayika, umphawi… Ndipo ndizo zomwe tonsefe timafuna kuthawa. Koma sizangochitika mwangozi kuti tidalekanitsidwa motere.
Njira zogawa
Gawani ndi impera, Aroma anatero.
Mu 338 BC Roma idagonjetsa mdani wamkulu kwambiri panthawiyo, Latin League, yopangidwa ndi midzi ndi mafuko pafupifupi 30 omwe amayesa kuletsa kukula kwa Roma. Njira yake inali yosavuta: adapangitsa kuti mizindayo imenyane kuti ipeze chisomo cha Roma ndikukhala gawo laufumu, potero adasiya Mgwirizanowu. Mizinda idayiwala kuti idali ndi mdani wamba, imangoyang'ana za kusiyana kwawo, ndipo imatha kuyambitsa mikangano mkati.
Njira yopezera kapena kusunga mphamvu mwa "kuphwanya" gulu pagulu limatanthauza kuti alibe mphamvu ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe angathe. Kudzera munjira imeneyi, magetsi omwe alipo alipo omwe agwetsedwa ndipo anthu saloledwa kulowa m'magulu akulu omwe atha kupeza mphamvu ndi kudziyimira pawokha.
Kwenikweni, aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi amapanga nkhani yomwe gulu lirilonse limadzudzula linzake pamavuto awo. Mwanjira imeneyi, imalimbikitsa kusakhulupirirana komanso kukulitsa mikangano, makamaka kubisa kusalingana, kusokonekera kapena kupanda chilungamo kwamagulu amphamvu omwe ali pamwambamwamba kapena akufuna kuti azilamulira.
Zimakhala zachilendo kuti magulu "awonongeke" mwanjira ina, kuwapatsa mwayi wopezeka pazinthu zina - zomwe zitha kukhala zofunikira kapena zamaganizidwe - kuti athe kulumikizana ndi mphamvu kapena kuwopa kuti gulu la "mdani" litenga mwayi wina zomwe kwenikweni zimawapangitsa kukhala ogonjera.
Cholinga chachikulu cha magawano ndikupanga zenizeni pongowonjezera kusiyana komwe kumayambitsa kusakhulupirirana, mkwiyo komanso ziwawa. Pazochitika zopeka izi timayiwala zofunikira zathu ndikukhumba kuchita nkhondo yopanda tanthauzo, momwe timangopweteketsana.
Kuganiza mopitilira muyeso ngati magawano
Kubwera kwa chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda ndi Chikhristu sikunasinthe zinthu, m'malo mwake. Kukhalapo kwa zoyipa kwathunthu motsutsana ndi zabwino zonse kumatitengera ife mopambanitsa. Lingaliro limenelo lidasokoneza malingaliro athu.
M'malo mwake, ngati tidabadwira kumayiko akumadzulo, tidzakhala ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino loti sukuluyo ndi yomwe ili ndi udindo - mosavutikira - kuphatikiza pamene ikutiphunzitsa, mwachitsanzo, kuti m'mbiri yonse yakhala pali ngwazi "zabwino kwambiri" adalimbana ndi anthu "oyipa kwambiri".
Lingaliro limenelo lakhazikika m'maganizo mwathu kotero kuti timaganiza kuti aliyense amene saganiza ngati ife akulakwitsa kapena ndi mdani wathu. Taphunzitsidwa kufunafuna zomwe zimatisiyanitsa mpaka kunyalanyaza zomwe zimatigwirizanitsa.
Pakakhala kusatsimikizika kwakukulu monga komwe kumayambitsa mavuto, malingaliro amtunduwu amakula kwambiri. Timatenga malo opitilira muyeso omwe amatilekanitsa ndi ena pamene tikufuna kudziteteza kwa mdani wabodza.
Mukangogwera kumeneku, ndizovuta kutuluka. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku University Columbia adapeza kuti kutulutsa malingaliro andale otsutsana ndi athu sikungatibweretsere pafupi ndi malingaliro amenewo, m'malo mwake, kumalimbitsa malingaliro athu owolowa manja kapena osasamala. Tikawona mwa ena mawonekedwe oyipa, timangoganiza kuti ndife abwino.
Kugawikana sikupanga mayankho
Mwachitsanzo, zisankho zapurezidenti ku United States, voti yaku Latin idawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Pomwe anthu aku Latin America ku Miami adathandizira ma Republican kupambana Florida, anthu aku Latin America ku Arizona adakwanitsa kuti boma lipite kwa a Democrat koyamba mzaka makumi awiri.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Chidziwitso cha UnidosUS idawulula kuti ngakhale malingaliro andale aku Latin America akusiyana, zomwe amaika patsogolo komanso nkhawa zawo ndizofanana. Anthu aku Latin America mdziko lonseli awonetsa nkhawa zawo pazachuma, zaumoyo, alendo, maphunziro komanso ziwawa za mfuti.
Ngakhale tikhoza kukhulupirira, malingaliro ogawikana pakati pamagulu samangobwera kapena amangochitika mwadzidzidzi pagulu. Kubereka, kufalikira ndi kuvomereza kotheka ndi magawo omwe makina amphamvu amalowererapo, motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu zachuma komanso ndale komanso atolankhani.
Malingana ngati tikupitilizabe kukhala ndi malingaliro osagwirizana, makinawo adzapitilizabe kugwira ntchito. Tipitilira njira yodzichotsera kuti tisiye kuzindikira kwathu kuti titengeke mgululi. Kudziletsa kumatha ndipo timatsanzira machitidwe ogwirizana, omwe amalowa m'malo mwa chiweruzo cha munthu aliyense.
Takhumudwitsidwa ndi lingaliroli, sitingazindikire kuti tikamagawanika kwambiri, mavuto omwe timathetsa ndi ochepa. Tikamaganizira kwambiri zakusiyana kwathu, timakhala ndi nthawi yambiri tikukambirana ndipo sitizindikira zomwe tingachite kukonza miyoyo yathu. Tikamayimbanirana kwambiri, m'pamenenso sitizindikira ulusi womwe umasokoneza malingaliro athu ndipo, pamapeto pake, machitidwe athu.
Wafilosofi wachingelezi komanso wamasamu Alfred North Whitehead adati: "Chitukuko chikupita patsogolo ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe titha kuchita osaganizira ". Ndipo ndi zoona, koma nthawi ndi nthawi timayenera kuyima ndi kuganizira zomwe tikuchita. Kapenanso timakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala chidole m'manja mwa wina.
Malire:
Martínez, C. et. Al. (2020) UnidosUS Imasula Kuvota Kwaboma Kwa Ovota ku Latino Pazinthu Zofunika Kwambiri, Makhalidwe Abwino mu Woyimira Purezidenti ndi Kuthandizira Zipani. Mu: Chidziwitso cha UnidosUS.
Kutulutsa, C. et. Al. (2018) Kuwonetsedwa pamalingaliro otsutsana pazanema kungakulitse magawano andale. PNAS; Chizindikiro. 115 (37): 9216-9221.
Pakhomo Ndani amatigawanitsa? idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
