Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā huaʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me ka aptitude, ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻololi wale kekahi mau leka. Ua like loa lākou ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo ʻana a me ka haʻi ʻana, akā he ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mau manaʻo hoʻololi.
He aha ka manaʻo?
ʻO ka Aptitude mai ka huaʻōlelo Latin aptus, ʻo ia hoʻi "kūpono", no laila ua hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he hiki, hiki a i ʻole talent. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili ka aptitude i nā mākau a i ʻole nā mana i loaʻa iā mākou ma kahi ʻano hana.
Le nā manaʻo ʻo ia nā kūlana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā koi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻomohala i kekahi mau mākau a i ʻole ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma kekahi mau wahi. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka aptitude me ka hiki a i ʻole ka hoihoi, he manaʻo kikoʻī loa ia e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻano o ka hana kanaka i loko o kahi palena palena.
ʻO ke kanaka akamai i nā ʻōlelo, no ka laʻana, e aʻo wikiwiki ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo haole, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻo ia a he kanaka hoʻohuli. He kikoʻī ka aptitude, ua kaupalena ʻia i kekahi wahi a hilinaʻi ʻia i nā kumu genetic a me ka hoʻoikaika pilikino.
Hōʻike ka manaʻo o Bingham no ka aptitude e pili ana ia “he kūlana a i ʻole pūʻulu o nā hiʻohiʻona i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ka hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa i kekahi ʻike, akamai, a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho o nā pane ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, e like me ka hiki ke aʻo i kahi ʻōlelo hou a haku mele…”
Wahi a Bingham, ʻo ka aptitude ke ana o ka holomua o ke kanaka ma kekahi mau ʻano kūlana, e like me ka hoʻokani pila a i ʻole ka pāʻani tennis. No laila, ʻoi aku ka mākaukau ma mua o ka hiki wale nō, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻokō.
ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe no ka nui o kāna ʻike, akā ʻaʻole ia he kumu maikaʻi ʻo ia, no ka mea, pono ʻo ia i ke akamai e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻoili i kēlā ʻike. No laila, ʻo ka Aptitude ke kumu i hoʻomohala ʻia ai nā mākau kūikawā.
He aha ka manaʻo?
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻano mai ka huaʻōlelo Latin actus, mamao i hala o hana ʻo ia hoʻi, "hoʻokuke, lawe i kekahi mea i mua", no laila e hana, e hana. Ua hānau ʻia nā huaʻōlelo e like me "ʻano" a me "ʻano" mai kēia mau aʻa. No laila, pili kēia manaʻo i ka predisposition o ke kanaka e pane mau i kekahi mau kūlana.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka manaʻo i ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻike a loiloi i kekahi mea a i ʻole kekahi, no laila e lilo ia i mea e pane maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha i kekahi manaʻo, mea, kanaka a kūlana paha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano i ka wā e launa pū ai mākou me kekahi mau kūlana, nā kānaka a i ʻole nā hui i ke ola.
Akā ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā manaʻo, hoʻokau pinepine lākou iā mākou e hana i kekahi ala ke ʻike mākou iā mākou iho i kēlā mau kūlana a pono paha e launa pū me kekahi poʻe a i ʻole nā hui kikoʻī. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka manaʻo e hōʻike ana i kahi kūlana hana o ka mākaukau e koi iā mākou e hana i kahi ʻano ʻano.
No Cantril, no ka laʻana, "ʻO ka manaʻo he kūlana mau loa o ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo e manaʻo mua i kahi kanaka e hana i kahi ʻano ʻano i kekahi mea a i ʻole kahi kūlana e pili ana." Ma kahi ʻano, ʻo ia ke kūʻē a kūʻē paha i kekahi mau mea, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ka manaʻo predisposition a me ka loiloi cognitive o nā mea, ʻelua kumu e hoʻoulu ai i kekahi mau ʻano.
ʻIke loa, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā ʻano ma ke ʻano maʻamau ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi pane o ka makemake a makemake ʻole paha i kekahi kūlana a kanaka paha. Akā, ʻo nā manaʻo me kahi ʻano noʻonoʻo paʻakikī a naʻauao paha hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā manaʻo o ke aloha a inaina paha, huhū a hoʻowahāwahā paha, makaʻu a hopohopo paha.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka manaʻo a me ka aptitude aia i ko lākou kumu
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole like ka manaʻo me ka aptitude. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā manaʻo a me nā aptitudes e ʻike ʻia ma ke kumu o nā manaʻo ʻelua. ʻOiai ʻo ka manaʻo ka hopena o ko mākou mau manaʻoʻiʻo a me ko mākou mau manaʻo, ma muli o ko mākou mau ʻike ola, pili ka aptitude i ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mākau hou ma o ka ʻike, kahi hiki ke loaʻa pinepine kahi ʻano genetic.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, nui nā mākau maoli. Aia kekahi poʻe i hānau ʻia me ka hiki maoli ke hana i kekahi mau hana a i ʻole ke aʻo maʻalahi iā lākou no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pili ka manaʻo i kahi predisposition i loaʻa i ke kūlana o ke ola. ʻO ia ka hopena o ko mākou mau manaʻoʻiʻo a me ko mākou mau manaʻo, i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e nā ʻike a me nā mea pili kaiapuni.
ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka manaʻo a me ka aptitude e hoʻoholo i ko lākou hoʻomau ʻana i ka manawa. ʻOiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke paʻa a kūʻē i ka hoʻololi ʻana, ma ke ʻano maʻamau ke mau nei ka ʻano ma muli o kona ʻano ʻano. ʻAʻole loli nui nā ʻano i nā makahiki.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo nā ʻano, ʻoiai ua pili nui lākou i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka wai a me ka versatile. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kanaka e hoʻololi i kona ʻano no ka hoʻomaloka a i ʻole ka male kāne ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke akamai no ka hoʻokani ʻana i kahi mea kani me ke akamai. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi manaʻo ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mākaukau mai ka wā ʻōpala.
ʻO ke ʻano a i ʻole ke akamai: ʻo wai ka mea nui?
ʻO Aptitude ka hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa i kahi mākau hou, ʻoiai ke ʻano e hōʻike ana i kona predisposition i kekahi mau kūlana. ʻOiai ʻokoʻa, he mea nui nā mea ʻelua.
ʻO ka ʻoihana, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole mākou e hele lōʻihi inā loaʻa iā mākou nā mākau maikaʻi akā he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, no ka mea, ʻo ka hakakā ʻana o ke kanaka, ka makemake ʻole a mākou e hōʻike ai i kā mākou hana a me ka paʻa o nā manaʻo e lilo ia i mea keakea i ko mākou ulu ʻana.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole mākou e hele i kahi mamao loa ʻoiai he ʻano maikaʻi ko mākou akā ʻaʻohe mākaukau. Aia kekahi mau wahi e koʻikoʻi ai nā mākau, e like me ke mele a i ʻole ke kiʻi. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kekahi mau mākau e hoʻomohala ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou "ma ke ʻano maʻamau" e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ke ala, e hāʻawi iā mākou i kahi pono hou.
No laila, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e koho ma waena o ka manaʻo a i ʻole ka mākaukau ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi, ʻaʻole kūpono. Ma keʻano laulā, he mea nui e ʻike i kā mākou ʻano. Me ka ʻike i ka mea a mākou e hana maikaʻi ai, ʻo ka mea hiki iā mākou ke hana maʻalahi a me ka hoʻoikaika liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā mākou makemake a no ka mea a mākou i manaʻo ai i hānau ʻia no ka mea hana mākou ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe e like me ka hanu ʻana.
I ka manawa e ʻike ai mākou i kā mākou 'kaulele' kūikawā, pono mākou e hoʻomohala i kēlā mau mākau me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hele pū me lākou me nā ʻano kūpono. ʻAʻole hiki i ka manaʻo kūpono i ke ola ke wehe wale i nā puka he nui no mākou, akā hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā mākou e ʻoi aku ka manaʻo maikaʻi, e alo i nā pilikia me ka ʻoi aku ka maluhia a me ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi. No laila, pono mākou e hōʻoia i ka hele pū ʻana o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano. Ma kēia ala e hiki ai iā mākou ke manaʻo nui aʻe a māʻona.
Kumuwaiwai:
Eagly, AH (1992) Ka holomua ʻole: Social psychology and the study of attitudes. Ka Nūpepa o ke Kinohi a me ke Kaiāulu; 63 (5): 693-710.
Snow, RE (1992) Aptitude Theory: Nehinei, I keia la, a me ka la apopo. ʻĀina Hoʻonaʻauao ʻona; 27 (1): 5-32.
Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1947) Ka noʻonoʻo o ka ego-involvements: Social attitudes and identifications. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Bingham, WV (1942) ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho pūʻali koa. Nā Annals o ka American Academy of Political and Social Sciences; 220:18-28.
ʻO ka puka komo He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka manaʻo a me ke ʻano? hoopuka mua ia Kihi o ka Psychology.
