kake aloha he mea hoopilipili ikaika ia. ʻO ia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻokomo iā mākou iho i nā kāmaʻa o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ka mana e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike a hoʻomaopopo iā mākou iho me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaopopo i kona mau manaʻo a me kona mau manaʻo, akā e ʻike pū i kona nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻelua ʻano o ka empathy. ʻO ka cognitive empathy ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike a hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o kekahi, akā mai kahi kūlana naʻauao maʻemaʻe, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka naʻau.
ʻO ka cognitive empathy ka hiki ke wehewehe pololei, wānana, a wehewehe i nā manaʻo o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole ia e noʻonoʻo pono. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kōkua nui i ke kōkua ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma o ka pale ʻana iā mākou iho mai nā hopena manaʻo pōʻino i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha o kekahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu o resonance empathic.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo a i ʻole ka manaʻo aloha i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi hopena pili e ʻike nui ai mākou iā mākou iho me nā manaʻo o kekahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike iā lākou i loko o ko mākou ʻiʻo ponoʻī. ʻIke loa, ke koʻikoʻi ka manaʻo aloha a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana me ka mea ʻē aʻe ua aneane pau loa, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopōʻino iā mākou, e pale iā mākou mai ke kōkua ʻana.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, i ka wā e ʻoluʻolu ai mākou, hoʻohana mākou i kahi kaulike ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, no laila hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka manaʻo o kekahi i loko o mākou iho, akā hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei iā lākou e kōkua pono iā lākou. Akā ʻo nā mea a pau e hōʻike ana e loli ana kēia kaulike i nā makahiki.
Ke emi nei ka manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao me ka makahiki
I loko o ka noʻonoʻo kaulana aia ka manaʻo ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Manaʻo mākou iā lākou he ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ke ahonui, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā ʻōpio. Ua aʻo ka poʻe psychologists mai ke Kulanui o Newcastle i kēia ʻano ma o ka prism of empathy.
Ua kiʻi lākou i 231 mau mākua mai 17 a 94 mau makahiki. I ka wā mua, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o nā helehelena a me nā wikiō o nā mea keaka i noi ʻia e hōʻike i nā manaʻo like ʻole. Pono nā mea komo e hoʻomaopopo i nā manaʻo i hōʻike ʻia a hoʻoholo inā i hōʻike ʻia nā manaʻo like ʻole a i ʻole nā kiʻi like ʻole.
Ma hope mai, ʻike lākou i nā kiʻi 19 o ka poʻe i komo i kekahi ʻano o ka hui ʻana a i ʻole ka hana. I kēlā me kēia kūlana, pono ka poʻe i komo e ʻike i ka manaʻo o ka mea nui (cognitive empathy) a hōʻike i ke ʻano o ko lākou manaʻo (affective empathy).
ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ka empathy affective, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui o ka poʻe ma mua o 66 i ka cognitive empathy. Hōʻike kēia i ka paʻakikī o ka poʻe ʻelemakule i ka wehewehe pono ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manaʻo o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka hana adaptive?
ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā haʻawina i hana ʻia ma ke kahua o ka neuroscience e hōʻike ana e kākoʻo ʻia nā ʻāpana naʻau a me ka cognitive o ka empathy e nā ʻupena lolo like ʻole e launa pū me kekahi.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i hana ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi e loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻomohala ʻokoʻa i ka cognitive a affective empathy. ʻOiai ke hilinaʻi nei ka empathy affective i nā ʻāpana mua o ka lolo, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana limbic, e like me ka amygdala a me ka insula, ʻike ʻia ka cognitive empathy e hilinaʻi i nā wahi maʻamau i ka Theory of Mind e koi ai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻike hou aku, e like me ka hiki ke kāohi i kā mākou. pane a hoʻokaʻawale i ko mākou manaʻo e hoʻokau iā mākou iho ma kahi o kekahi.
Ma nā laina like, ua ʻike nā neuroscientists ma ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard e hōʻike ana kekahi poʻe ʻelemakule i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana ma nā wahi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana cognitive empathy, e like me ka dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he wahi kūpono i ka cognitive empathy network. kanaka.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana no kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻo ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau i ka poʻe ʻelemakule e pili ana i ka cognitive empathy, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī iā lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou manaʻo e hoʻokomo iā lākou iho i nā kāmaʻa o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe a hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei iā lākou.
Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi haʻawina ma ka ʻO Ke Kulanui o Yang-Ming hāʻawi i kahi wehewehe ʻokoʻa. Wahi a kēia poʻe noiʻi, ʻoi aku ka kūʻokoʻa o nā pane e pili ana i ka cognitive a affective empathy i nā makahiki.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ka pane ʻana o ka poʻe ʻelemakule me ke aloha nui aʻe ma mua o ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā kūlana e pili ana iā lākou. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻike i ko mākou ulu ʻana e ʻoi aku ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o kā mākou "hoʻolilo" i ko mākou ikaika empathic.
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka empathy ka hopena o ka ʻelemakule a me ke akamai, ʻano ʻano hana pale ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke pale iā mākou iho mai ka ʻeha a hoʻopau iā mākou i ka hopohopo nui.
Kumuwaiwai:
Kelly, M., McDonald, S., & Wallis, K. (2022) Empathy ma nā makahiki: “He ʻelemakule paha au akā ke manaʻo nei au. Nā Neuropsychology; 36 (2): 116-127.
Moore, RC et. Al. (2015) Hoʻopili ʻia nā neural ʻokoʻa o ka manaʻo a me ka naʻau naʻau i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. ʻImi Psychiatry: Neuroimaging; 232:42-50.
ʻO Chen, Y. et. Al. (2014) Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻelemakule me nā hoʻololi i nā neural circuits underly empathy. Neurobiology o ka ʻelemakule; 35 (4): 827-836.
ʻO ka puka komo ʻO ke aloha kognitive: Ke aʻo nei mākou e mālama i ka "empathic energy" i ko mākou mau makahiki? hoopuka mua ia Kihi o ka Psychology.
