He aha ke ʻano o ke aloha?

ʻO Empathy ke kumu o ka pilina a me ka pili pili loa. Me ka ʻole o ia mea, e kahakaha nui ana ko mākou mau pilina a like me nā pilina ʻoihana. Me ka ʻole o ke aloha, hiki iā mākou ke hele i kahi kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā a ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ko lākou mau manaʻo e noho malihini lākou. No laila, he "limu kaiaulu" ikaika ka manaʻomanaʻo.

Akā ʻaʻole wale ia ka ʻenekini ma hope o ka pilina, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he wawahi ke hana hewa mākou a ʻike i ka ʻeha a mākou e hana nei. Ke loaʻa ʻole i kēlā kanaka kēia haki a hana mau i kāna makemake ponoʻī, hoʻopau ʻo ia i nā mea e hoʻopuni iā ​​ia. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he aha ke ʻano o ke aloha a me ke ʻano o ke aloha.

He aha ka minamina ʻole?

- ʻAʻole like ka empathy me ke aloha

Hoʻohana pinepine mākou i nā huaʻōlelo o ke aloha a me ke aloha, akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa kēlā. Ke aloha aku mākou i kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻike mākou me ke kūlana o kēlā kanaka. Hiki iā mākou ke minamina i nā malihini a no nā pilikia a mākou i ʻike ʻole ai pilikino.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pili ka manaʻo aloha i ka pilina o ka naʻau me ka mea a ke kanaka e manaʻo ai. Hiki iā mākou ke minamina me ke kūlana e hele nei kekahi, me ka ʻole o ka manaʻo o ko lākou mau manaʻo a me nā manaʻo. No laila, ʻaʻohe kokoke ke aloha i kā mākou hana, ʻaʻole ia e paipai iā mākou e hana. ʻAʻole hana ka sympathy i ka pilina.

Hele hou aku ʻo Empathy, no ka mea pili ia i ka ʻike me ka mea a kekahi e ʻike ai a ʻike mua i kēlā mau manaʻo. No laila, ke aloha nei i kekahi mea no kekahi; ke aloha nei i ka manaʻo o kekahi.

- ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia ka empathy i ka intuition

ʻIke ka hapanui o ka poʻe i ka empati intuitive, ʻoi aku ia o ka hopena ʻōpū ma mua o kahi hana o ka noʻonoʻo. Akā ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia ka empathy i ke kuapo wale o nā naʻau, kahi hana e hana maʻa mau ma lalo o kā mākou paepae o ka ʻike, akā he mea pono nō hoʻi e hoʻopili nā mana hoʻomalu i hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i kēia ʻike.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi he mea nui ka mimicry o ka pilina kanaka a kū ma kahi pae subconscious; ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻohālike mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka poʻe a mākou e launa pū ai, me kā lākou leo, nā kūlana a me nā neʻe. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio me kekahi e frowns, e pau paha mākou i ka frowning. Maliʻa paha ua kōkua kēia mimicry ʻike ʻole i ke kanaka mua e kamaʻilio a ʻike i ka pili. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻoia ka neuroscience ke ʻike mākou i kekahi i ka ʻeha, nā wahi e hoʻopaʻa inoa ai i ka ʻeha e hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o kā mākou lolo. ʻO Mimicry ka mea ma mua o ke aloha.

Eia nō naʻe, koi mai ka minamina i hiki iā mākou ke lawe i kahi kuanaʻike o kekahi, ʻo ia kahi hana noʻonoʻo. Eia kekahi, he mea nui e hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i nā naʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke aloha. ʻOiai hiki ke "maʻi lele" nā ʻano, ke pale ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana iā mākou iho mai ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā mau naʻau i hiki ke kōkua i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.

He aha ke aloha?

Ke nīnau mākou iā mākou iho he aha ke aloha, ʻo ka wehewehe mua i hiki i ka noʻonoʻo ka hiki ke hoʻokomo iā mākou iho i nā kāmaʻa o haʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hele aku ke aloha ma ʻō ma ʻō, ʻo ka maʻamau ʻaʻole ia he ʻike naʻau wale nō, akā kahi mea kaumaha loa.

Nui nā ʻano wehewehe o ke aloha, ʻo kekahi o nā apt ʻoi loa ka “ʻike o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kūlana o kekahi kanaka mai kāna manaʻo”. ʻO kēia ke kau nei iā ʻoe iho i ka ʻili o kēia kanaka a manaʻo i ka mea a lākou e ʻike nei. He komo komo i loko o ka mea maoli a kekahi, e hoʻolilo ana i kāna honua ʻano i mea na mākou.

Hōʻike kēia kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pōkole maikaʻi loa i ke ʻano o ke aloha, a me ka mea ʻole ia, a me kona mana nui loa.

 ʻO Empathy kahi mea o nā mea ʻelua: ʻO ke ʻano dyadic

Mai kahi manaʻo anthropological, ʻo ke ʻano o ke aloha mai ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia manaʻo e hōʻike ana i kona palena. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia ma ke Kulanui o ʻAmekekamaʻamaʻa e pili ana ke aloha ma luna o "ka mea a haʻi e makemake ai a i ʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo e pili ana iā lākou iho". I kēia ala, loaʻa i ke aloha ke anawaena dyadic, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mea nui ka mea e ʻike manawaleʻa nei e like me ke kanaka nāna e hoʻāla i kēlā manaʻo. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻoluʻolu like me nā mea āpau.

Hoʻokena ʻia ʻo Empathy e nā moʻomeheu a me nā loina o ka nohona. Ma ke ʻano like, ua mahalo ʻia ka nui o ka empathic o nā keiki ke hoʻomanaʻo mai ke kumu iā lākou he pono e lilo i mau hoa papa maikaʻi, akā ua emi ka minamina i ke koho ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao e pāʻani i kahi pāʻani. ʻO nā hoa aloha i koho hope loa ʻia a huhū ʻia ua hōʻoluʻolu ʻia, akā ua kapa ʻia nā hoa kula like me ke ʻano like me "whiners".

ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapili, nā kuʻina kaiāulu a me ke kanaka e empathize ʻia ana e hoʻoholo nei i nā mea, me ka nānā ʻole i ka hiki i kēlā me kēia ke ʻike i ke aloha.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻekolu o ke aloha

Nui nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ke aloha. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ka psychologist ʻo Mark Davis aia he 3 ʻano o ke aloha.

- Ke aloha empati. He "palena" empathy ia e lawe wale i ka kuanaʻike o kekahi. Hōʻike kēia manaʻo i ka hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo a lawe i kāna mau kiko o ka manaʻo a waiho iā mākou iho i kona kāmaʻa. He menemene ia e kupu aʻe ana mai ka naʻauao ʻike.

- Kaumaha pilikino. Pili ia i ka manaʻo maoli i ka manaʻo o kekahi kanaka. Hele mai kēia empathy ke pāʻani mākou ke ʻike mākou i kekahi e ʻehaʻeha nei a ʻeha pū mākou me lākou. He kumu ia no ka maʻi lele; ʻo ia hoʻi, ua "maʻi" ka mea ʻē aʻe iā mākou me kona mau naʻau. Makemake nui kekahi poʻe e hōʻike i kēia ʻano empathy e hoʻokahuli ʻia lākou e ia, no laila ke kaumaha nui loa, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo "Empathy Syndrome".

- Ka hopohopo Empathic. Kūpono kēia hiʻohiʻona i kā mākou wehewehe o ke aloha. ʻO ia ka hiki ke ʻike i nā kūlana naʻau o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e pili i ka naʻau, a ʻoiai hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi kekelē pilikino, hiki iā mākou ke mālama i kēlā ʻoluʻolu a hōʻike i ka hopohopo maoli. ʻAʻole like me ka pilikia, ʻo ka mea e loaʻa nei i kēia ʻano empathy e hoʻoneʻe e kōkua a hōʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole palule e nā manaʻo.

Aʻo ʻia ke aloha

Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ua hānau ʻia mākou i empaths, akā ʻo ke minamina he ʻano aʻo maoli ia. E aʻo nā keiki e hoʻomaopopo a mālama i ko lākou mau naʻau ma o ka launa ʻana me nā mākua, ʻo ka mea mua me ko lākou mau mākua. Ke pane ka poʻe mākua i nā kūlana naʻau o nā keiki, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou iho, akā no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻike o kekahi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻololi ʻia kēlā hua i ke aloha.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā kamaliʻi ʻike ʻole i kēia ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka ʻike iā lākou iho, e ʻeha ana i ka paʻakikī e hoʻokele a me ke kaohi ʻana i ko lākou naʻau, a hōʻike pinepine hoʻi i ke aloha nui. Ke hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano o ka hoʻopili e pale ai, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ke kanaka i nā ʻano pilina a loaʻa nā pilikia e ʻike nei i ko lākou mau manaʻo iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ke ulu kahi ʻano o ka hoʻopili hopohopo, ʻaʻohe hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻohālikelike i ko lākou mau naʻau, no laila pau paha lākou i ka naʻau o kekahi kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia he minamina.

No laila, ʻoiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo e paʻakikī ʻia ko mākou lolo e ʻike i ke aloha, pono e ulu kēia mākau i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, keu hoʻi i nā makahiki mua.

He aha ke ʻano o ke aloha? Nā kūlana kumu o ke aloha

Pono e kū i kekahi mau kumu no ke kanaka e ʻike i ke aloha.

1. ʻO ka motika a me nā neuronal. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka empathy i ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i nā loli neurological. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e empathic pono ia e hoʻāla ʻia kā mākou neurons aniani, e hana ʻia kahi kino a me ka mimic maka, kahi mea e kōkua iā mākou e waiho iā mākou iho i nā kāmaʻa o kekahi.

2. E ʻike i ke kūlana o loko o ka mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ko lākou mau manaʻo a me nā ʻano. Ma laila wale nō e ʻike ai mākou i ka manaʻo a i ʻole manaʻo a haʻi aʻe me ko lākou manaʻo, kūlana a me / a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka naʻau. ʻAe kēia kūlana iā mākou e hana i kahi hōʻike hou aʻe a i ʻole maopopo leʻa a ka mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike nei, ke kūlana a lākou e hele nei a me ko lākou ʻano naʻau.

3. Hoʻonani manaʻo. I manaʻo empathy empathy, ia mea pono no ka mea 'ē aʻe ka naʻau i ke kūlana e resonate me mākou. Pono mākou e hana ma ke ʻano he fork tuning, i mea e kuʻi ai nā pilikia a me / a i ʻole nā ​​manaʻo o nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o mākou.

4. Ke hoʻolālā nei iā ʻoe iho i kahi ʻē aʻe. E ʻike i ke aloha, he mea nui ia e hiki ke haʻalele i ko mākou kūlana no kahi manawa e ʻike ai me ke kūlana o ka mea ʻē aʻe. Inā hiki ʻole iā mākou ke haʻalele i kā mākou kikowaena, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokau iā mākou iho i kahi o kēlā kanaka. Ke hana mākou i kēlā hana wānana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻi i loko o kā mākou "I" a hana hou i loko o ko mākou naʻau pehea mākou e ʻike ai inā pili ia iā mākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili ka manaʻo i ka wehewehe ʻana, ka hele mau ʻana i waena a me kā mākou "I".

5. Hoʻonohonoho pono pilikino. ʻO ka noho ʻana i loko o ka pilikia ʻaʻole ia he pōmaikaʻi iā mākou a i ʻole ke kanaka i ʻeha. Pono pono e lawe i kahi keʻehi a neʻe a neʻe i ka lokomaikaʻi empathic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻike e ʻinoʻino mākou i ka mea ʻē aʻe ma ke kāpae ʻana i kēia mau manaʻo e kōkua iā ia. E pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ko mākou naʻau i mea e kōkua ai kekahi i kekahi.

ʻO ke kumu neurological o ke aloha

ʻO ka empathy ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo a i ʻole kahi kūlana o ka noʻonoʻo, akā i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā phenomena kino a hiki ke ana ʻia i ʻāpana o kā mākou kūlohelohe. He kumu neurological hohonu kā Empathy.

Ke ʻike maka mākou i ka mea e hana ʻia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale ka cortex ʻike wale e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā ʻāpana e pili ana i kā mākou hana, me he mea lā ke hana nei mākou i kahi ala like me ke kanaka a mākou e ʻike nei. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻonā ʻia nā wahi e pili ana i ka naʻau a me ka naʻau, me he mea lā like mākou.

Kuhi kēia i ke aloha e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole o ka lolo e hana i ke ala i hoʻohui ʻia a paʻakikī hoʻi i hiki ai iā mākou ke waiho iā mākou iho i kahi o haʻi. Hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i ka hana a ka ʻē aʻe, ʻeha, a aloha paha ke hiki i nā pūnaewele neural like ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i kēlā mau hana a i ʻole no ka ʻike pololei ʻana i kēlā mau manaʻo. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pane like ko mākou lolo i ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like.

Ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Groningen i ka manawa a kā mākou aniani neurons ua kāohi ʻia, kahi mea maʻalahi iā mākou e hoʻokomo iā mākou iho i nā kāmaʻa o haʻi, hiki i ko mākou hiki ke ʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi o haʻi a hōʻino ʻia ko lākou mau manaʻo. Kālele ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia "nā mokuʻāina kū ʻole", ʻo ia nā mea e ʻae iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻike o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i mea e kōkua ai i ka poʻe i pilikia.

ʻOiai, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻeha o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hana i loko o ka insula, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka ʻike pilikino iā ia ke hoʻohui nei i ka ʻike sensory, a me ka cexulate cingulate mua, e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ka impulse control and socially generated Fear.

ʻO kēia ke ʻike mākou i ka ʻeha o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, hoʻolilo mākou iā ia i ko mākou noʻonoʻo a hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi i ke ʻano i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana ʻeha a me nā ʻike, e like me ka mea i hōʻoia ʻia e kahi noiʻi i mālama ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Vienna. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pili mau ko mākou naʻau a me nā ʻike i ko mākou ʻike i ke aloha a i ʻole ʻeha o haʻi.

Hoʻohālikelike ko mākou lolo i nā pane a mākou e ʻike ai i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, akā hiki iā mākou ke mālama i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o kāna ʻeha ponoʻī a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, koi ka empathy i kahi ʻano hana e kaʻana like i nā naʻau, akā e hoʻokaʻawale hoʻi iā lākou. Inā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻohui i ka naʻau, e kaumaha wale mākou. A ʻaʻole ia he pane pane.

I kēia ʻano, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoihoi hou aʻe i mālama ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Groningen ʻoiai he aha ka empathic a mākou, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi manaʻo piha i ka nui o ka ʻeha a kahi kanaka ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa i loaʻa ai i ka poʻe komo ka manawa kūpono e uku no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika o nā haʻalulu uila e loaʻa i kahi kanaka, ma ka awelika ua uku lākou i ka palena iki e pono ai e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha e 50%.

ʻIke ʻia kēia hanana ma ke ʻano pilikino pilikino pilikino a pili i ka gyrus supramarginal pono, kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka hana ʻōlelo ʻana, a he kuleana paha ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o kou mau manaʻo ponoʻī a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia hana i ka wā kamaliʻi, ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemakule, e like me kahi noiʻi a ke Kulanui o Trieste i hōʻike ai, no ka mea ua hiki i ke oʻo piha i ka hopena o ka wā ʻōpio a deconstructed me ke kakahiaka nui o ke ola.

 

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