Ukulungelelaniswa, indlela yokuzikhusela esizikhohlisa ngayo

0
Isibhengezo-

 
ulungelelwaniso

Ukulungelelaniswa yindlela yokuzikhusela ekungekho mntu ubalekayo. Xa izinto zihamba gwenxa kwaye siziva ngathi siziva sizivalele ekoneni, singaziva sinoxinzelelo kwaye ngenxa yoko asikwazi ukumelana nenyani ngokuhambelana. Xa sifikelwa ziimeko ezisongela u "I" wethu, siye sithande ukuzikhusela ukuze sigcine ulungelelwaniso oluthile lwengqondo olusivumela ukuba siqhubele phambili ngomonakalo omncinci kwi-ego yethu. Uhlengahlengiso mhlawumbi lukhona indlela yokuzikhusela ixhaphake kakhulu.

Yintoni ulungelelwaniso kwisayikholoji?

Umxholo wokuhlengahlengiswa ubuyela umva kwi-psychoanalyst Ernest Jones. Ngo-1908 wacebisa inkcazo yokuqala yokuhlengahlengiswa: "Ukuyilwa kwesizathu sokuchaza imeko okanye isenzo esingaqondakaliyo injongo yaso". USigmund Freud wamkela ngokukhawuleza umbono wokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze aqonde iingcaciso ezinikezelwa zizigulana ngenxa yeempawu zabo zengqondo.

Ngokusisiseko, ukuhlengahlengiswa luhlobo lokwala olusivumela ukuba siphephe ungquzulwano kunye nokudana okukuvelisayo. Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Sijonge izizathu-ezibonakala zisengqiqweni- ukuthethelela okanye ukufihla iimpazamo, ubuthathaka okanye ukuphikisana esingafuniyo ukwamkela okanye esingakwaziyo ukuphatha.

Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuhlengahlengiswa yindlela yokulahla esivumela ukuba sijongane neengxabano zangaphakathi okanye iimeko zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zoxinzelelo ngokuyila inkcazo eqinisekisayo kodwa engachanekanga yezethu iingcinga, iintshukumo okanye iimvakalelo ukuze sigubungele ezona njongo.

Isibhengezo-

Inkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa, ibanjiswe yinto esingafuni ukuyifumana

Ngokubanzi, sibhenela kulungelelwaniso ukuzama ukucacisa kunye nokuzithethelela kwindlela esiziphethe ngayo okanye into eyenzekileyo kuthi ngendlela ebonakala ngathi inengqiqo okanye isengqiqweni, ukuze ezo nyaniso zibenokubekezeleka okanye zilunge.


Ukulungelelaniswa kwenzeka ngezigaba ezibini. Ekuqaleni sithatha isigqibo okanye siphumeze isimilo esiqhutywa sisizathu esithile. Ngomzuzwana wesibini sakha esinye isizathu, esigutyungelwe kukuqiqana kunye nokunxibelelana, ukuthethelela isigqibo sethu okanye indlela esiziphatha ngayo, kokubini kuthi nakwabanye.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuhlengahlengiswa akuthethi ukuxoka-ubuncinci kwinjongo engqongqo yekota-amaxesha amaninzi umntu ophela ekholelwa kwizizathu ezakhiweyo. Inkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa kulandela iindlela ezisuka ezingqondweni zethu; Oko kukuthi, asizikhohlisi ngabom thina okanye abanye abantu.

Ngapha koko, xa ugqirha wezengqondo ezama ukuveza ezi zizathu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu aziphike kuba eqinisekile ukuba izizathu zakhe zisemthethweni. Asinakulibala ukuba ulungelelwaniso lusekwe kwinkcazo ethi, nangona ibubuxoki, ichanekile. Kuba iimpikiswano esiziphakamisayo zisengqiqweni ngokugqibeleleyo, ziyakwazi ukusiqinisekisa kwaye ke akufuneki ukuba sikuqonde ukungakwazi kwethu, impazamo, ukusikelwa umda okanye ukungafezeki.

Ukulungelelaniswa kusebenza njengendlela yokuzahlula. Ngaphandle kokukuqonda oko, simisela umgama phakathi "kokulungileyo" kunye "nokubi", sibeka kuthi "okuhle" kunye nokugatya "okubi", ukuphelisa umthombo wokungazithembi, ingozi okanye uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo esingafuniyo. qaphela. Ngale ndlela siyakwazi "ukuziqhelanisa" nokusingqongileyo, nokuba asizisombululi ngokwenyani iimbambano zethu. Sigcina i-ego yethu kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa asiyikhuseli ngonaphakade.

Iingcali zenzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia ziye zafumanisa ukuba indlela yokuhlengahlengisa inokusebenza ngokukhawuleza xa kufuneka sithathe izigqibo ezinzima okanye sijamelene neengxabano ezingathandekiyo, ngaphandle kokubonisa ixesha elide, njengemveliso yezigqibo zokuthomalalisa uxinzelelo., Uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye nokuqonda dissonance emiselwe yinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo ngokwayo.

Ke ngoko, asisoloko siqonda ukuba kufanelekile. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhanyela kuya kuba nzima okanye kungagungqi kwaye kuya kuhlala kuxhomekeke ekubeni sibona kangakanani na isoyikisa inyani ku "I" wethu.

Imizekelo yokuhlengahlengiswa njengesixhobo sokuzikhusela kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Ukulungelelaniswa yindlela yokuzikhusela esinokuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuyiqonda kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Mhlawumbi owona mzekelo mdala wokuhlengahlengiswa uvela kwindaba ka-Aesop ethi "The Fox and the Grapes".

Kule ntsomi, impungutye ibona izihloko kwaye izama ukufikelela kuzo. Kodwa emva kweenzame ezininzi ezingaphumelelanga, uyaqonda ukuba ziphezulu kakhulu. Ke uyabadelela esithi: "Abavuthwanga!"

Kubomi bokwenyani siziphatha njengempungutye yembali singazi. Ukulungelelaniswa, enyanisweni, kwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yengqondo:

• Kuphephe ukuphoxeka. Sinokusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso ukuphepha ukuphoxeka kubuchule bethu kwaye sikhusele umfanekiso olungileyo esinawo ngeziqu zethu. Umzekelo, ukuba udliwanondlebe lomsebenzi aluhambanga kakuhle, sinokuzixokisa ngokuzixelela ukuba besingafuni loo msebenzi.

• Musa ukukuqonda ukusikelwa umda. Ukuhlengahlengiswa kusisindisa ekubeni siziqonde ezinye zezithintelo, ngakumbi ezo zisenza singonwabi. Ukuba siyaya ethekweni, singathi asidanisi kuba singafuni ukubila, ngelixa inyani ikukuba sinentloni ngokudanisa.

• Ukuphepha ityala. Sithanda ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlengahlengisa ukufihla iimpazamo zethu kwaye sibhlokhe imvakalelo yokuziva unetyala. Singazixelela ukuba ingxaki esisixhalabisayo ngeyivele kananjalo okanye sicinge ukuba iprojekthi yayiza kutshatyalaliswa kwasekuqaleni.

• Kuphephe ukuzazisa. Ukulungelelaniswa kwakhona sisicwangciso sokungazicoci kuthi, ngesiqhelo ngenxa yokoyika into esinokuyifumana. Umzekelo, sinokuthethelela isimo sethu sengqondo esibi okanye isimilo esikrwada ngoxinzelelo esilwenzileyo kwindlela yokuxinana kweemoto xa enyanisweni ezi zimo zinokufihla ungquzulwano olufihlakeleyo naloo mntu.

• Musa ukuyamkela inyani. Xa inyani idlula amandla ethu okujongana nayo, sibhenela ekuhlengahlengisweni njengesixhobo sokuzikhusela. Umntu olwalamano oluhlukumezayo, umzekelo, unokucinga ukuba lityala lakhe ukungazi ukuba iqabane lakhe liyamhlukumeza okanye alimthandi.

Isibhengezo-

Uhlengahlengiso luba nini yingxaki?

Ukuhlengahlengiswa kunokulungelelaniswa njengoko kusikhusela kwiimvakalelo kunye nezizathu ebesingazukukwazi ukuzenza ngelo xesha. Sonke singasebenzisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ngaphandle kokuziphatha kwethu kuthathelwa ingqalelo njenge-pathological. Yintoni eyenza ulungelelwaniso lube yingxaki yokwenene kukuqina apho ibonakalisa khona kunye nokwandiswa kwayo okungaphezulu kwexesha.

UKristin Laurin, isayikholojisti kwiYunivesithi yaseWaterloo, eneneni uye waqhuba uthotho lwamalinge anomdla kakhulu apho abonisa khona ukuba ulungelelwaniso luhlala lusetyenziswa xa kukholelwa ukuba iingxaki azinasisombululo. Ngokusisiseko, luhlobo lokunikezela kuba sicinga ukuba akukho ngqiqweni ukuqhubeka sisilwa.

Kokunye kolu vavanyo, abathathi-nxaxheba bafunda ukuba ukunciphisa umda wesantya ezixekweni kuya kwenza abantu bakhuseleke kwaye abenzi bomthetho bagqibe kwelokubahlisa. Abanye baba bantu baxelelwe ukuba umthetho omtsha wezendlela uza kuqala ukusebenza, ngelixa abanye baxelelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba lo mthetho ungaliwa.

Abo babekholelwa ukuba isantya esincitshisiweyo siza kuncitshiswa babexhasa olu tshintsho kwaye bajonge izizathu ezisengqiqweni zokwamkela isibonelelo esitsha kunabo babecinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umda omtsha awuzukuvunywa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhlengahlengiswa kungasinceda ukuba sijongane nenyani esingenako ukuyitshintsha.

Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokusebenzisa uhlengahlengiso njengesiqhelo indlela yokujongana neendlela zokuziphatha zihlala zigqithile kwizibonelelo ezinokusizisela zona:

• Siyazifihla iimvakalelo zethu. Ukucinezela iimvakalelo zethu kunokuba nemiphumo emibi yexesha elide. Iimvakalelo zikhona ukubonisa ukungqubana ekufuneka sikusombulule. Ukungawahoyi kuhlala kungasombululi ingxaki, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba baphele bebhalwe, besenzakalisa ngakumbi kwaye baqhubela phambili imeko engalunganga ebadalayo.

Siyala ukwamkela izithunzi zethu. Xa sisebenzisa ulungelelwaniso njengesixhobo sokuzikhusela sinokuziva silungile kuba sikhusela umfanekiso wethu, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, singabuqapheli ubuthathaka bethu, iimpazamo okanye ukungafezeki kuya kusithintela ekukhuleni njengabantu. Sinokuphucula kuphela xa sinomfanekiso wokwenyani wethu kwaye siziqonda iimpawu esifuna ukuzomeleza okanye ukuziphucula.

Sisuka kwinyani. Nangona izizathu esizifunayo zisenokuba sengqiqweni, ukuba aziyonyani kuba zisekwe kulwazi olungalunganga, iziphumo zexesha elide zinokuba mbi kakhulu. Ulungelelwaniso ngokwesiqhelo aluhambelani kuba lusithathela kude kwaye kude kude nenyani, ngendlela esithintelayo ekubeni samkele kwaye sisebenze ukuyitshintsha, sisebenza kuphela ukwandisa imeko yokungoneliseki.

Izitshixo zokuyeka ukusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso njengesixhobo sokukhusela

Xa sixoka kuthi, asizikhathaleli iimvakalelo zethu kunye neenjongo zethu, kodwa sikwafihla ulwazi oluxabisekileyo. Ngaphandle kolu lwazi, kunzima ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ingathi sihamba ebomini sivale amehlo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba siyakwazi ukuwubamba umfanekiso opheleleyo ngendlela ecacileyo, efanelekileyo nengacacanga, nokuba kunzima kangakanani, siya kuba nakho ukuphonononga esona sicwangciso silungileyo ekufuneka sisilandele, esisibangela ukuba singonakalisi kangako. kwaye oku, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kusizisela iinzuzo ezinkulu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba sifunde ukuqonda iimvakalelo zethu, iimpembelelo kunye nezizathu zethu. Kukho umbuzo onokususa kude kakhulu: "kutheni?" Xa into isiphazamisa okanye isenza singonwabi, kufuneka sizibuze ukuba kutheni.

Kubalulekile ukuba ungazinzisi impendulo yokuqala efika engqondweni kuba inokuba yinto yokuhlengahlengiswa, ngakumbi ukuba imeko iyasiphazamisa. Kuya kufuneka siqhubeke nokuphanda iinjongo zethu, sizibuze ukuba kutheni le nto de sifikelele kuloo ngcaciso ibangela ukuba sizive sinamandla. Le nkqubo yokuzibonela iya kuhlawula kwaye isincede sazane ngcono kwaye sizamkele njengoko sinjalo, ke kuyakufuneka sibuyele kancinci nangaphantsi kulungelelwaniso.

Umda:      

Umthambo, W. et. Al. (2019) Isiseko soLungelelwaniso. INzululwazi kunye neBrain Sciences; 43.

I-Laurin, K. (2018) yokuVavanywa koLungelelwaniso: Izifundo eziMithathu zoMhlaba zifumanisa ukonyuka kokuQinisekiswa xa iZinto eziLindelweyo ziNgoku. Psychol Sci; 29 (4): 483-495.

Knoll, M. et. Al. (2016) Rationalization (Inkqubo yoKhuselo) kwi-En: Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T. (eds) I-Encyclopedia yoBuntu kunye neyantlukwano eyedwa. Isitshisi, Cham.

ULaurin, K. et. Al. (2012) Ukuphendula ngokuchaseneyo nokuhlengahlengiswa: Iimpendulo eziNxaxhileyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo ethintela inkululeko. Psychol Sci; 23 (2): 205-209.

Jarcho, JM et. Al. (2011) Isiseko se-neural sokuhlengahlengiswa: ukunciphisa kwengqondo kwi-dissonance ngexesha lokuthatha izigqibo. I-Soc Cogn ithinte i-Neurosci; 6 (4): 460-467.

Umnyango Ukulungelelaniswa, indlela yokuzikhusela esizikhohlisa ngayo yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.

Isibhengezo-