Ukucinga ngolindelo kunokuba lolona manyano lwethu luhle okanye olona tshaba lwethu. Isakhono sokuziqikelela kwikamva kwaye sicinge ukuba kunokwenzeka ntoni kusivumela ukuba sizilungiselele ukujongana neengxaki ngeyona ndlela ibhetele, kodwa isenokuba ngumqobo osifaka kwithemba kwaye usikhubaze. Ukuqonda ukuba ukucinga kwangaphambili kusebenza njani kwaye yeyiphi imigibe enokuthi iyenze kuya kusinceda sisebenzise obu buchule buhle ukuze sizuze.
Kukucinga ntoni kwangaphambili?
Ukucinga ngolindelo yinkqubo yokuqonda apho siqonda khona imiceli mngeni kunye neengxaki ezinokuvela kwaye silungiselele ukujongana nazo. Yindlela yokusebenza kwengqondo esivumela ukuba senze ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho zexesha elizayo kwaye sizenze ngengqondo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.
Ngokucacileyo, ukucinga ngolindelo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebandakanya izinto ezininzi zokuqonda. Ayifuni nje ukuba siphaphe ukubeka iliso kwiminyhadala ethile kwaye sikwazi ukungahoyi eminye engadibaniyo, kodwa ikwasicela ukuba sisebenzise ulwazi lwethu kunye namava esiwafumene kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuqikelela okunokwenzeka njengoko sifuna izisombululo ezinokubakho kunye nedilesi Ukungaqiniseki kunye nokungaqondakali okubandakanya ikamva.
Ngapha koko, ukucinga ngolindelo sisicwangciso-qhinga sokuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki. Ayisiyonto nje yokuqokelela ukungangqinelani de sifike kumngcipheko onokuba yingozi, kodwa isicela ukuba siyiqwalasele le meko. Oku kuthetha ukutshintsha iipateni kunye nolwakhiwo lwengqondo. Ke ngoko, ukucinga ngolindelo luhlobo lokulinganisa kwengqondo kunye nendlela yokwenza ulindelo malunga nento enokwenzeka.
Iindidi ezi-3 zokucinga ngolindelo esizisebenzisayo ukuqikelela ikamva
1. Ukufana kweemodeli
Amava esiphila kuwo ubomi bonke asivumela ukuba sibone ubukho beepateni ezithile. Umzekelo, siqaphela ukuba xa kukho amafu amnyama esibhakabhakeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunethe. Okanye xa iqabane lethu likwimeko engalunganga, kunokwenzeka ukuba siphele sixabana. Ukucinga okulindelweyo kusetyenziswa ezi modeli njenge "database".
Ukuziqhelanisa, ihlala ithelekisa imicimbi yangoku kunye nexesha elidlulileyo ukubona iimpawu ezinokubonisa ubunzima kwisiphelo okanye ukuba sihlangabezana nento engaqhelekanga. Ukucinga ngolindelo kusilumkisa xa siza kuba nengxaki. Isixelela ukuba kukho into engalunganga, esekwe kumava ethu adlulileyo.
Ngokucacileyo, ayisiyiyo inkqubo engenangqondo. Ukuthembela kakhulu kumava ethu kungasikhokelela ekwenzeni uqikelelo oluphosakeleyo kuba umhlaba uhlala utshintsha kwaye naluphi na utshintsho oluncinci esingakhange silubone lunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngelixa olu hlobo lokucinga ngolindelo lubalulekile, kufuneka silusebenzise ngokungabekeli ndawo.
2. Ukulandelwa komkhondo
Olu hlobo lokucinga ngolindelo ngokuthelekisa okwenzekayo noqikelelo lwethu. Asizilibali amava ethu adlulileyo, kodwa sihlawula ingqalelo yangoku. Ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuba ingxoxo neqabane iya kwenzeka, umzekelo, sisebenzisa iipateni zethu siya kuzikhawulela kuvavanyo lomsindo kunye neemvakalelo ezimbi, kodwa ukuba sithathela ingqalelo umkhondo wokujonga imeko yomnye umntu kwi Ixesha elilungile.
Ngeli qhinga asijongi nje kwaye songeza iipateni okanye iindlela, kodwa sisebenzisa indlela yokusebenza. Ngokucacileyo, inkqubo yengqondo ebekwe endaweni yokulandela umkhondo kunye nokwenza uthelekiso inzima ngakumbi kunokumanyanisa ngokuthe ngqo umqondiso kunye nesiphumo esibi, ke oko kufuna ukukhulu amandla emvakalelo.
Ubuthathaka obuphambili kolu hlobo lokucinga okulindelweyo kukuba sichitha ixesha elininzi sivavanya umkhondo weziganeko, ke ukuba zinokuwa, zinokusothusa, zingakulungelanga ukujongana nazo. Sizibeka emngciphekweni wokuba ngababukeli ixesha elide, singabinalo ixesha lokuphendula ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esisebenzayo.
3. Ukudibana
Olu hlobo lokucinga ngolindelo yeyona nto inzima kuba lusicela ukuba siqaphele unxibelelwano phakathi kweziganeko. Endaweni yokuphendula nje kwiipateni ezindala okanye ukulandela umkhondo weziganeko zangoku, siyazibona iimpembelelo zeziganeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye siqonde ukuxhomekeka kwazo.
Esi sicwangciso sihlala singumxube wokucinga ngokuqonda kunye neempawu ezingazi nto. Ngapha koko, ihlala ifuna ukuba sisebenzise ingqwalaselo epheleleyo esivumela ukuba siqonde zonke iinkcukacha ngokwembono esecaleni esinceda ukuba senze umfanekiso wehlabathi wento eyenzekayo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga. Siphawula imiqondiso kunye nokungangqinelani, njengoko ukucinga kwethu kubanika intsingiselo kwaye kuyidibanisa nomfanekiso wehlabathi osivumela ukuba siqonde unxibelelwano kwaye sibalandelele ukuba benze uqikelelo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi.
Izibonelelo zokucinga ngolindelo
Ukucinga ngolindelo kuthathwa njengophawu lwamava kunye nobukrelekrele kumacandelo amaninzi. Iinkosi ezinkulu zetshesi, umzekelo, zihlalutya ngengqondo intshukumo ezinokubakho zabachasi bazo ngaphambi kokuhambisa isiqwenga. Ngokulindela iintshukumo zomchasi, banethuba kwaye bandise amathuba okuphumelela.
Ukucinga ngolindelo kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kuthi. Singajonga elundini ukuzama ukuqikelela ukuba izigqibo ezithile ziya kusikhokelela phi. Ke sinokugqiba ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zeziphi izigqibo ezinokuthi zilunge kwaye zeziphi ezinokusenzakalisa. Ukucinga ngolindelo ke kubalulekile ukwenza izicwangciso nokuzilungiselela ukuhamba indlela ekhethiweyo.
Ayisincedi nje kuphela ukuba siqikelele ubunzima kunye nemingcipheko enokubakho, ikwasivumela ukuba senze isicwangciso sokusebenza ukoyisa iingxaki okanye ubuncinci sinciphise ifuthe laso. Ke ngoko, inokusinceda siphephe ukubandezeleka ngokungeyomfuneko kwaye isongele amandla apha endleleni.
Icala elimnyama lokulindela iingxaki
“Indoda ethile ibilungisa indlu xa iqondayo ukuba ifuna umbane wombane, kodwa ibingenawo kwaye zonke iivenkile zivaliwe. Emva koko wakhumbula ukuba ummelwane wakhe wayenayo. Wacinga ngokumcela ukuba ayiboleke. Kodwa ngaphambi kokufika emnyango wahlaselwa ngumbuzo: 'uza kuthini ukuba akafuni kundiboleka yona?'
Emva koko wakhumbula ukuba ukugqibela kwabo ukudibana, ummelwane wayengenabubele njengesiqhelo. Mhlawumbi wayengxamile, okanye wayenomsindo ngaye.
Ewe, ukuba uyandicaphukisa, akazukundiboleka i-drill. Uya kuzithethelela kwaye ndiza kuzenza isidenge. Ngaba uza kucinga ukuba ubaluleke ngaphezu kwam kuba enento endiyifunayo? Kukuphakama kwekratshi! ' Ucinge le ndoda. Ngomsindo, wayeka ukuba angakwazi ukugqiba ukulungiswa ekhaya kuba ummelwane wakhe wayengenakuze amboleke i-drill. Ukuba ebengaphinda ambone, ngekhe aphinde athethe naye ”.
Eli bali ngumzekelo olungileyo weengxaki zokucinga kwangaphambili kunokusibangela xa kuthatha indlela engeyiyo. Olu hlobo lokuqiqa lunokuba sisiqhelo sokucinga esisebenza kuphela ekuboneni iingxaki kunye nezithintelo apho kungekho nanye okanye apho kungenakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke khona.
Xa ukucinga ngolindelo kuba yinto nje etyhila ubunzima, kukhokelela ekuphelelweni lithemba kuba sithatha elona candelo liluncedo: ukubanakho kokucwangcisa izicwangciso zexesha elizayo.
Emva koko sinokuwela kumaxhala. Siqala ukoyika into enokwenzeka. Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo olunxulumene nolindelo lunokudala amabala angaboniyo kwaye lwakha iintaba kwimbewu yesanti. Ke siba semngciphekweni wokuba ngamabanjwa okucinga ngolindelo.
Ngamanye amaxesha singaya ngqo kwimeko yokudakumba apho sicinga ukuba asinakwenza nto. Siqinisekile ukuba iingxaki ezizayo azinakusombululeka kwaye siyazikhubaza, sondla ngokuma kwethu apho sizibona singamaxhoba esiphelo esingenakukutshintsha.
Usebenzisa njani ukucinga okulindelekileyo ukwenza ubomi bube lula endaweni yobunzima?
Ukucinga ngolindelo kuluncedo kuba kusivumela ukuba sizilungiselele ukuphendula ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba xa olu hlobo lokucinga lusenziwa, aluboni nje ingozi, iingxaki kunye nezithintelo apha endleleni, kodwa kufuneka sizibuze ukuba singenza ntoni ukunqanda ezo ngozi okanye ubuncinci ukunciphisa ifuthe labo.
Abantu abasebenzisa ukucinga okubalaseleyo ngabona abo bangaxeli nje iingxaki, kodwa bafuna intsingiselo. Abaqwalaseli kuphela imiqondiso yesilumkiso, kodwa bayazitolika ngokwento abanokuyenza ukuyilungisa. Ingqondo yabo igxile kwinto abanokuyenza kunye nokucinga okulindelweyo kuthatha umbono osebenzayo.
Ke ngoko, kwixesha elizayo xa ubona iingxaki kufutshane, sukukhalaza okanye ukhathazeke, zibuze ukuba ungenza ntoni kwaye ulungiselele isicwangciso sokusebenza. Ke ungafumana okuninzi kweso sixhobo simangalisayo silindelwe kukucinga.
Umda:
Hough, A. kunye. Al. (2019) Inkqubo yokuBangela yeMetacognitive yokuCinga ngokuKhangela. Ku: Uphando.
UMcKierman, P. (2017) Ukucinga okucingelwayo; Ukucwangciswa kwemeko kudibana ne-neuroscience. Uqikelelo lweTekhnoloji kunye noTshintsho kwezeNtlalo; 124: 66-76 .
I-Mullally, i-SL kunye neMaguire, i-EA (2014) Inkumbulo, ukuCinga, kunye nokuQikelela ikamva: Ngaba ubuNgcali obuQhelekileyo beBongo? Neuroscientist; 20 (3): 220-234.
Klein, G. & Snowden, DJ (2011) Ukucinga okucingelwayo. Ku: Uphando.
Byrne, CL et. Al. (2010) Iziphumo zokuxelwa kwangaphambili kuVavanyo lweNgxaki yokuSombulula: Isifundo sovavanyo. Ijenali yoPhando lweNdalo; 22 (2): 119-138.
Umnyango Ukucinga ngolindelo, umgca olungileyo phakathi kokuthintela kunye nokwenza iingxaki yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
